ABS, ESP, TDI, DSG na ndị ọzọ - kedu ihe ndebiri ụgbọ ala pụtara

Chọpụta ihe na-akpata mbiri ụgbọ ala ewu ewu dị ka ABS, ESP, TDI, DSG na ASR.

Nkezi onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala nwere ike ịnya isi ọwụwa site na okwu mkpọ okwu ejiri na-ezo aka na sistemụ dị iche iche n'ime ụgbọ ala. Ọzọkwa, ụgbọ ala ọgbara ọhụrụ juputara na sistemụ eletrọnịkị, aha ya anaghị emepụtakarị na ndepụta ọnụahịa. Ọ dịkwa mma ịmara ihe ụgbọ ala eji arụ ọrụ nwere n'ezie ma ọ bụ ihe mbiri nke engine pụtara.

Hụkwa: ESP, njikwa ụgbọ mmiri, ihe mmetụta ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala - kedu akụrụngwa dị n'ụgbọ ala?

N'okpuru ebe a, anyị na-enye nkọwa dị mkpa nke mkpirisi na okwu ndị kachasị mkpa na ewu ewu.

4 - MATIK - Ụgbọ ala anọ na-adịgide adịgide na ụgbọ ala Mercedes. Enwere ike ịhụ ya naanị n'ime ụgbọ ala nwere nnyefe akpaaka.

4 - MGBE - ụkwụ anọ. Volkswagen na-eji ya.

4WD -ụkwụ anọ.

8V, 16V - ọnụ ọgụgụ na nhazi nke valves na engine. Nke 8V unit nwere abụọ valves kwa cylinder, i.e. igwe cylinder anọ nwere valve asatọ. N'aka nke ọzọ, na 16V, e nwere valvụ anọ kwa cylinder, ya mere enwere valve 16 na engine cylinder anọ.

A/C - ntụ oyi.

ANYANWU - usoro eletrọnịkị maka ijikwa ọsọ ụgbọ ala mgbe niile.

AB (akpa ikuku) - akpa ikuku. N'ime ụgbọ ala ọhụrụ, anyị na-ahụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala abụọ akpa ikuku: nke ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na onye njem. Ụgbọ ala ndị ochie nwere ike ma ọ bụ enweghị ha. Ha bụ akụkụ nke usoro nchekwa nchekwa na-agafe agafe ma mee ka ha nweta mmetụta nke akụkụ nke ngwá agha (karịsịa isi) na nkọwa nke ụgbọ ala na mberede. Ọnụọgụ ụgbọ ala na ụdị akụrụngwa na-eto eto, gụnyere airbags n'akụkụ, mkpuchi mkpuchi mkpuchi ma ọ bụ akpa ikuku ikpere - na-echebe ikpere onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala.   

mkpụrụedemede

- mmezi nkwusioru na-arụ ọrụ. Ebumnuche ya bụ ịchịkwa mpịakọta ahụ nke ọma. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma mgbe ị na-anya ngwa ngwa na nkuku ma ọ bụ mgbe ị na-agba breeki ike mgbe ụgbọ ala nwere ọchịchọ nke miri. 

Abd - Mkpọchi dị iche iche akpaaka.  

ABS - Sistemụ mgbochi mkpọchi. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke sistemu breeki. Nke a na-enye ohere, ọmụmaatụ, nnukwu njikwa ụgbọ ala/ijikwa ya mgbe ọ kwụsịrị pedal breeki.

ACC - Njikwa ike nke ọsọ na anya ụgbọ ala dị n'ihu. Nke a na-enye gị ohere ịhazigharị ọsọ kwesịrị ekwesị iji dobe ebe dị nchebe. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, usoro ahụ nwere ike ịgbaji ụgbọ ala. Aha ọzọ maka mgbawa a bụ ICC.

AFS – adaptive n'ihu ìhè usoro. Ọ na-achịkwa ọkụ nke etinyere, na-edozi ọkụ ya dị ka ọnọdụ okporo ụzọ si dị.

AFL – Cornering ọkụ usoro site na isi ọkụ.  

ALR - akpaka mkpọchi nke eriri eriri oche.

ASR – traction akara usoro. Na-ahụ maka igbochi ntugharị wiil n'oge osooso, i.e. na-atụgharị. Ozugbo achọpụtara slips wheel, ọsọ ya na-ebelata. Na omume, dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ụgbọ ala na-ekpuchi ájá, mgbe ụfọdụ a ga-agbanyụ usoro ahụ ka wiil wee nwee ike ịgbanye. Aha ndị ọzọ maka mgbawa a bụ DCS ma ọ bụ TCS. 

AT - nnyefe akpaaka.

Hụkwa: Arụ ọrụ Gearbox - otu esi ezere nrụzi dị oke ọnụ

Bas

- ihe nkwalite breeki eletrọnịkị. Na-arụ ọrụ na ABS. Na-ebuli arụmọrụ nke sistemu breeki n'oge breeki ihe mberede siri ike. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Ford nwere aha dị iche - EVA, na Skoda - MVA.

CDI – Mercedes mmanụ dizel engine na nkịtị ụgbọ okporo ígwè diesel injection ozugbo.   

CDTI - mmanụ dizel engine na mmanụ ụgbọala injection. Ejiri ya n'ụgbọ ala Opel.

CR/ ụgbọ okporo ígwè nkịtị - ụdị injection mmanụ na mmanụ dizel engines. Uru nke ngwọta a gụnyere ịrụ ọrụ injin dị nro, oriri mmanụ ka mma, obere mkpọtụ na obere nsị na gas na-ekpochapụ.

CRD - igwe mmanụ dizel nwere sistemụ ịgbanye ụgbọ oloko nkịtị. Ejiri ya na ụdị ndị a: Jeep, Chrysler, Dodge.

IDRC

- igwe mmanụ dizel eji na ụgbọ ala Kia na Hyundai.

Hụkwa: Sistemụ breeki - mgbe ị ga-agbanwe mpe mpe akwa, diski na mmiri mmiri - ntuziaka

D4 – Toyota anọ-cylinder mmanụ ụgbọala engine na mmanụ ụgbọala injection ozugbo.

D4D – Toyota anọ-cylinder engine mmanụ dizel kpọmkwem mmanụ injection.

D5 – Volvo diesel engine na mmanụ ụgbọala injection ozugbo.

DCI - Injin dizel Renault nwere ntụtụ mmanụ ọkụ ozugbo.

Mere - Mitsubishi mmanụ dizel nwere ntụtụ mmanụ ọkụ ozugbo.

DPF ma ọ bụ FAP - particulate nzacha. A na-etinye ya na sistemụ iyuzucha nke mmanụ dizel nke oge a. Na-asachapụ gas na-ekpochapụ site na irighiri ihe soot. Iwebata ihe nzacha DPF ewepụla nsị nke anwụrụ ọkụ ojii, nke a na-ahụkarị maka ụgbọ ala ochie nwere injin diesel. Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na-ahụ ihe a nnukwu nsogbu na ihicha ya.

DOHC - camshaft okpukpu abụọ na isi nke ngalaba ike. Otu n'ime ha na-ahụ maka ịchịkwa valves oriri, nke ọzọ maka valvụ iyuzucha.

DSG - igbe igbe nke Volkswagen webatara. Igbe igbe a nwere njide abụọ, otu maka ọbụna ngwa ngwa yana otu maka ngwa ngwa. Enwere ụkpụrụ akpaka yana usoro ntuziaka usoro. Igbe gear ebe a na-arụ ọrụ ngwa ngwa - ngbanwe ngwa ngwa na-adị ngwa ngwa.  

DTI - mmanụ dizel, nke a maara site na ụgbọ ala Opel.

EBD - Nkesa ike breeki elektrọn (ụkwụ n'ihu, azụ, aka nri na aka ekpe).

EBS - sistemụ breeki eletrik.

Eds - eletrọnịkị dị iche iche mkpọchi.

EFI - mmanụ eletrọnịkị injection maka mmanụ ụgbọala.

ESP / ESC - nkwụsi ike eletrọnịkị nke ụzọ ụgbọ ala (na-egbochikwa ịwụgharị n'akụkụ ma gbochie njikwa njikwa). Mgbe ihe mmetụta ahụ chọpụtara skid ụgbọ ala, dịka ọmụmaatụ mgbe ịbanyechara n'akụkụ, sistemụ ahụ na-akụ wiilị (otu ma ọ bụ karịa) iji weghachite ụgbọ ala ahụ n'ụzọ. Dabere na onye na-emepụta ụgbọ ala, a na-eji okwu dị iche iche maka usoro a: VSA, VDK, DSC, DSA.

Hụkwa: defroster ma ọ bụ ihe mkpocha ice? Ụzọ maka ihicha windo site na snow

ISP - designation nke mmanụ ụgbọala engines na kpọmkwem mmanụ ụgbọala injection. Ọ bụ Volkswagen mepụtara ha.  

FWD - otu a ka esi eji akara ụgbọ ala nwere mbanye n'ihu.

GDI – Mitsubishi mmanụ ụgbọala engine na mmanụ ụgbọala injection ozugbo. Ọ nwere ike karịa, obere oriri mmanụ na obere ikuku nke ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ n'ime ikuku ma e jiri ya tụnyere injin nkịtị.

GT ya bu Gran Turismo. A na-akọwa ụdị egwuregwu dị otú ahụ, nke siri ike nke ụgbọ ala mmepụta.

Hba – onye enyemaka breeki hydraulic maka breeki mberede.   

HDC - usoro nchịkwa mgbada ugwu. Na-amachi ọsọ n'ọsọ agbaziri.

HDI

- sistemu ọkụ eletrik dị elu nke injin dizel nwere ntụtụ mmanụ ọkụ ozugbo. A na-akpọkwa nkeji mbanye ka nke a. Peugeot na Citroen na-eji aha ahụ.

onye na -ejide ugwu - nke ahụ bụ aha onye enyemaka mmalite ugwu. Anyị nwere ike ịkwụsị ụgbọ ala ahụ n'elu ugwu ma ọ gaghị ada. Ọ dịghị mkpa iji breeki aka. Oge anyị na-agagharị, usoro ahụ na-akwụsị ịrụ ọrụ.  

HPI - Ịgba mmanụ ụgbọala dị elu kpọmkwem na njirimara nke mmanụ ụgbọala nke ejiri ya mee ihe. Peugeot na Citroen na-eji ngwọta ya. 

Hụkwa: Turbo n'ime ụgbọ ala - ike karịa, mana nsogbu. Nduzi

IDE - Injin mmanụ ụgbọ ala Renault nwere ntụtụ mmanụ ọkụ ozugbo.

isofix - Sistemụ maka itinye oche ụmụaka na oche ụgbọ ala.

jt ndọtị - Igwe mmanụ dizel Fiat, dịkwa na Lancia na Alfa Romeo. Ha nwere ogbugba mmanụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè kpọmkwem.

JTS - Ndị a bụ Fiat petrol engines na mmanụ ụgbọala injection.

KM - ike na horsepower: ọmụmaatụ, 105 hp

km / h - ọsọ na kilomita kwa elekere: ọmụmaatụ, 120 km / h.

Ikanam

- ìhè emitting diode. Igwe ọkụ LED nwere ogologo ndụ karịa ọkụ ụgbọ ala ọdịnala. A na-ejikarị ha eme ihe na ọkụ azụ na modul na-agba ọsọ ụbọchị.

LSD - iche-kpọchi onwe.

oriọna – Engines nwere multipoint injection.

IAS - usoro mgbochi skid nke na-emeju ASR. Ọ na-egbochi wiil ndị ahụ ịgbagharị mgbe onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala jiri injin brek. 

MT - Mbufe akwụkwọ ntuziaka.

MZR – Mazda mmanụ ụgbọala engine ezinụlọ.

MZR-CD – Mazda nkịtị ụgbọ okporo ígwè injection engine eji na ugbu a ụdị.

RWD Ndị a bụ ụgbọ ala azụ azụ.

SAHR – Saab na-arụ ọrụ njide isi. N'ọnọdụ nke mmetụta azụ, nke a na-ebelata ihe ize ndụ nke mmerụ ahụ whiplash.

Sbc - Usoro njikwa breeki eletrọnịkị. A na-eji ya na Mercedes. Ọ na-ejikọta sistemu ndị ọzọ na-emetụta breeki ụgbọ ala, dị ka BAS, EBD ma ọ bụ ABS, ESP (akụkụ ụfọdụ).

SDI - engine mmanụ dizel na-achọsi ike na mmanụ ọkụ ozugbo. Nkeji ndị a na-ahụkarị maka ụgbọ ala Volkswagen.

SOHC - otu a ka ejiri akara engines nwere otu camshaft elu.

SRS - sistemu nchekwa na-agafe agafe, gụnyere ndị na-eme belt oche nwere akpa ikuku.

Krd4/Kd5 - Land Rover mmanụ dizel.

TDKI – Ford mmanụ dizel engines na nkịtị ụgbọ okporo ígwè injection. 

TDI - Ford turbocharged dizel na intercooler.

TDI - turbodiesel na kpọmkwem mmanụ ụgbọala injection. A na-eji aha a na ụgbọ ala nke otu Volkswagen.

TDS bụ ụdị dị ike karịa nke injin diesel TD nke BMW ji. A na-eji TD akara ma ọ bụ nke mbụ D mee ihe na ụgbọ ala dum, n'agbanyeghị onye nrụpụta. Awụnyekwara moto TDS, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Opel Omega. Echiche nke ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ bụ na Opel nwere ọtụtụ mmebi ma kpatara nsogbu. 

Hụ kwa: Ntugharị injin - n'ịchọ ike - ndu

TSI - Aha a na-ezo aka na mmanụ ụgbọala nwere nnukwu chaja abụọ. Nke a bụ ihe ngwọta nke Volkswagen mepụtara nke na-abawanye ike nke powertrain na-eme ka ọ ghara ịba ụba mmanụ ọkụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere injin nkịtị.

TFSI - engines ndị a bụkwa nnukwu mmanụ ụgbọ ala - arụnyere na ụgbọ ala Audi - a na-eji ike dị elu yana oriri mmanụ dị ntakịrị.

TiD - turbodiesel, gbakọtara na Sabah.

TTID - otu chaja abụọ ejiri na Saab.

V6 - Injin nwere ụdị V nwere cylinder 6.

V8 – V-ukara unit na asatọ cylinders.

VTEC

- njikwa valvụ eletrọnịkị, usoro oge valvụ na-agbanwe agbanwe. Ejiri ya na Honda.

VTG - turbocharger nwere geometry turbine na-agbanwe agbanwe. Nke a dị mkpa iji kpochapụ ihe a na-akpọ turbo lag.

VVT-I - usoro maka ịgbanwe oge valvụ. Achọtara na Toyota.

Zatec - Ford anọ-cylinder mmanụ ụgbọala engine na anọ valves kwa cylinder. Isi nwere camshaft abụọ.

Echiche - Radosław Jaskulski, onye nkuzi ịnya ụgbọ ala nchekwa na Auto Skoda School:

N’ezie, teknụzụ ụgbọ ala na-aga n’ihu n’ike n’ike nke na anyị na-ahụzi teknụzụ ndị ọhụrụ na nke dị elu n’ime ụgbọ ala karịa ọbụna ọnwa isii ma ọ bụ otu afọ gara aga. N'ihe banyere usoro nchekwa nchekwa na-arụ ọrụ, ụfọdụ n'ime ha kwesịrị nlebara anya pụrụ iche na ọ bara uru ịlele ma ọ bụrụ na ha nọ na ya mgbe ịzụrụ ụgbọ ala ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ eji. N'ihi na ha na-enyere aka n'ezie.

Na isi, n'ezie, ABS. Ụgbọ ala na-enweghị ABS dị ka ịnya ụgbọ ala. M na-ahụkarị ndị na-achọ ịzụta ụgbọ ala ochie na-ekwu, "Gịnị mere m ji chọọ ABS?" Enwere ntụ oyi, nke ahụ ezuola. Azịza m dị mkpụmkpụ. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-etinye nkasi obi n'elu nchekwa, mgbe ahụ nke a bụ ihe dị ịtụnanya, nhọrọ enweghị ezi uche. Ọ ga-amasị m imesi ike na ọ dị mma ịmara ihe ABS dị n'ụgbọ ala. Ndị ọgbọ ochie nke usoro a na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ha na-arụ ọrụ, ma na-achịkwa axles nke ụgbọ ala. Na mgbada, mgbe ụgbọ ala sụrụ, azụ nwere ike ịmalite ịgba ọsọ karịa. N'ọgbọ ọhụrụ, usoro nkesa ike breeki apụtala na wiil nke ọ bụla. Ngwọta zuru oke.

breeki inyeaka bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke sistemu braking. Agbanyeghị, ọ dị mma ịlele na ebe nchekwa ka o si arụ ọrụ n'otu ụdị. N'ime ha niile, ọ na-agbanye ozugbo mgbe ịpịrị pedal breeki siri ike, mana ọrụ dịka mkpu anaghị agbanwu mgbe niile n'otu oge. E kwesịkwara icheta na ọ bụrụ na, tupu ụgbọ ala ahụ abịa na njedebe zuru oke, onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na-ewepụ ụkwụ ya na gas ọbụna nwa oge, n'ihi na, dịka ọmụmaatụ, egwu ahụ agafewo, usoro ahụ ga-agbanyụ.

Anyị na-abịa ESP. Nke a bụ n'ezie m nke sistem n'ihi na ọ nwere nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrụ. Ọ bụ ezie na m na-agbaso akụkọ ahụ ma na-agbalị ka m na-eme ihe, enweghị m ike icheta ha niile. Kedu ụzọ ọ bụla, ESP bụ ezigbo ngwọta. Na-eme ka ụgbọ ala kwụsie ike na egwu ahụ, gbanye - ọbụlagodi mgbe azụ na-amalite irute n'ihu ụgbọ ala - n'ezie ozugbo. Sistemu ESP dị ugbu a na-egbochi wiil niile ịla n'iyi ngwa ngwa o kwere mee na ọnọdụ okporo ụzọ dị oke egwu. ESP nwere otu uru siri ike karịa onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ọ bụla: ọ na-emeghachi omume mgbe niile n'otu ụzọ ahụ yana site na nkeji mbụ nke sekọnd, ọ bụghị site na otu sekọnd mgbe oge mmeghachi omume gafere.

Ederede na foto: Piotr Walchak