Adolf Andersen bụ onye mmeri ụwa na-akwadoghị site na Wroclaw.

Adolf Andersen bụ onye German na-egwu chess pụtara ìhè na onye na-agba chaa chaa nwere nsogbu. N'afọ 1851, ọ meriri asọmpi mba ụwa nke mbụ na London, sitekwa n'oge ahụ ruo n'afọ 1958, a na-amata ya dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ chess kachasị ike n'ụwa na ụwa chess. Ọ gbadara n'akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka onye nnọchiteanya dị ịrịba ama nke ụlọ akwụkwọ nke njikọta, omume ịhụnanya na chess. Egwuregwu ya dị egwu - "Anwụghị anwụ" na Kizeritsky (1851) na "Evergreen" na Dufresne (1852) bụ ndị pụrụ iche site na nkà nke ọgụ, atụmatụ dị anya na-ahụ anya na njedebe nke nchịkọta.

Onye na-egwu chess German Adolf Anderssen ya na Wrocław na-akpakọrịta n'oge ndụ ya niile (1). N'ebe ahụ ka a mụrụ ya (July 6, 1818), mụọ ma nwụọ (March 13, 1879). Andersen gụrụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na nkà ihe ọmụma na Mahadum Wroclaw. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na mgbatị ahụ, nke mbụ dị ka onye nkụzi na mgbe ahụ dị ka prọfesọ nke mgbakọ na mwepụ na German.

Ọ mụtara iwu chess n'aka nna ya mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu, na mbụ ọ naghị eme nke ọma na ya. Ọ nwere mmasị na ụwa chess na 1842 mgbe ọ malitere ịchịkọta na ibipụta nsogbu chess. N'afọ 1846, e goro ya ọrụ dị ka onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ọhụrụ e kere eke Schachzeitung, nke e mesịrị mara dị ka Deutsche Schachzeitung (German Chess Newspaper).

Na 1848, Andersen na-atụghị anya ya na Daniel Harrwitz, bụ onye a ma ama nke egwuregwu ngwa ngwa, sere na mberede. Ihe ịga nke ọma a na ọrụ Andersen dị ka onye nta akụkọ chess nyere aka na nhọpụta ya ịnọchite anya Germany na asọmpi chess mbụ nke mba ụwa na 1851 na London. Anderssen tụrụ ndị ọkaibe chess n'anya site n'itiri ndị niile na-emegide ya n'ike.

oriri anwụghị anwụ

N'oge asọmpi a, ọ gbara egwuregwu mmeri megide Lionel Kieseritzky, bụ nke ọ chụụrụ mbụ bishọp, emesia rooks abụọ, na n'ikpeazụ eze nwanyị. Egwuregwu a, n'agbanyeghị na a na-egwuri egwu dị ka egwuregwu enyi na ọkara na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ London, bụ otu n'ime egwuregwu ndị a ma ama na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke chess na a na-akpọ anwụghị anwụ.

2. Lionel Kizeritsky - Onye mmegide Andersen na egwuregwu anwụghị anwụ

Onye mmegide Andersen Lionel Kieseritsky (2) ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ oge ndụ ya na France. Ọ bụ onye ọbịa na-agakarị na Café de la Régence a ma ama na Paris, bụ ebe ọ na-enye nkuzi chess ma na-egwukarị nnọkọ (ọ na-enye ndị mmegide ohere, dị ka pawn ma ọ bụ mpempe na mmalite egwuregwu).

Emere egwuregwu a na London n'oge ezumike na asọmpi ahụ. Magazin chess nke France bụ A Régence bipụtara ya na 1851, na onye Austrian Ernst Falkbeer (onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Wiener Schachzeitung) kpọrọ egwuregwu ahụ "anwụghị anwụ" na 1855.

Party na-adịghị anwụ anwụ bụ ihe atụ zuru oke nke ụdị egwuregwu a na-achị na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, mgbe ekwenyesiri na mmeri bụ mmepe ngwa ngwa na mbuso agha. N'oge ahụ, ụdị gambit dị iche iche na counter-gambit na-ewu ewu, a na-enyekwa uru ihe onwunwe dị obere. Na egwuregwu a, White chụrụ eze nwanyị, rooks abụọ, bishọp na pawn iji tinye ọmarịcha nwunye nwere iberibe ọcha na mmegharị 23.

Adolf Andersen - Lionel Kieseritzky, London, 21.06.1851/XNUMX/XNUMX

1.e4 e5 2.f4 The King's Gambit, nke a ma ama na narị afọ nke XNUMX, amachaghị ewu ewu ugbu a n'ihi na uru ọnọdụ White adịghị akwụghachi ụgwọ zuru oke maka ịchụ aja.

2…e:f4 3.Bc4 Qh4+ White na-efunahụ nkedo, mana enwere ike ịwakpokwa Queen Queen n'ụzọ dị mfe. 4.Kf1 b5 5.B:b5 Nf6 6.Nf3 Qh6 7.d3 Nq5 8.Sh4 Qg5 9.Nf5 c6 Ọ ga-akara mma ịkpọ 9…g6 ịchụpụ onye ọcha dị ize ndụ jumper. 10.g4 Nf6 11.G1 c:b5?

Black na-enweta uru ihe onwunwe, mana ọ na-efunahụ uru ọnọdụ ya. Mma bụ 11…h5 12.h4 Hg6 13.h5 Hg5 14.Qf3 Ng8 15.G:f4 Qf6 16.Sc3 Bc5 17.Sd5 H:b2 (eserese 3) 18.Bd6? Andersen enyela ụlọ elu abụọ ahụ! White nwere nnukwu ohere ọnọdụ, nke enwere ike ịghọta n'ụzọ dị iche iche, dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na ịkpọ 18.E1, 18.Ge3, 18.d4, 18.Ed1. 18… G: g1?

3. Adolf Andersen - Lionel Kieseritzky, ọnọdụ mgbe 17… R: b2

Mkpebi na-ezighi ezi, kwesịrị egwuri egwu 18… Ajụjụ: a1 + 19. Ke2 Qb2 20. Kd2 G: g1. 19.e5!

Ndocha nke ụlọ elu nke abụọ. E5-pawn na-ebipụ eze nwanyị ojii site na nchekwa eze ma na-eyi 20S: g7 + Kd8 21.Bc7 #. 19… R: a1 + 20.Ke2 Sa6? (eserese 4) Black knight na-agbachitere onwe ya megide 21 Sc7+, na-awakpo eze na rook, nakwa megide ịkwaga bishọp na c7.

4. Adolf Andersen - Lionel Kieseritzky, ọnọdụ 20 ... Sa6

Agbanyeghị, White nwere otu ọgụ siri ike ọzọ. Kwesịrị egwuri egwu 20… Ga6. 21.S: g7+ Kd8 22.Hf6+.

Ọcha na-achụkwa eze nwaanyị àjà. 22… B: f6 23. Be7 # 1-0.

5. Adolf Andersen - Paul Morphy, Paris, 1858, isi iyi:

Kemgbe ahụ, a na-ewere Anderssen dị ka onye na-egwu chess kacha ike n'ụwa. Na Disemba 1858, onye ọkpụkpọ chess German gara Paris izute ndị bịara Europe. Paul Morphy (ise). Onye egwu chess America ama ama ama meriri Andersen nke ọma (+5 -7 = 2).

Anderssen gbara arụmụka ugboro atọ na 1.a3 na-adịghị ahụkebe na ọkara nke abụọ nke egwuregwu ahụ, nke e mechara kpọọ oghere Andersen. Ihe mmeghe a ewetaghị ihe ịga nke ọma pụtara ìhè nye ndị na-acha ọcha (1,5-1,5) ma na-ejikarị eme ihe mgbe e mesịrị na egwuregwu dị egwu, ebe ọ bụ na ọ naghị etinye aka na mmepe nke iberibe na njikwa nke etiti. Nzaghachi ndị oji na-adịkarị gụnyere 1...d5, nke na-awakpo etiti ahụ ozugbo, yana 1...g6, nke bụ nkwadebe maka fianchetto, bụ nke mejuputara na iji White's na-adịghị ike emelarị.

Maka Morphy, nke a bụ egwuregwu kacha mkpa, nke ọtụtụ ndị lere anya dị ka egwuregwu asọmpi ụwa na-akwadoghị. Mgbe mmeri a gasịrị, Anderssen nọgidere na ndò nke onye na-egwu chess America na-egbuke egbuke ruo afọ atọ. Ọ laghachiri n'egwuregwu na-arụsi ọrụ ike na 1861, na-emeri asọmpi egwuregwu chess mbụ nke mba ụwa na London. O wee merie egwuregwu iri na abụọ n'ime iri na atọ, na n'ọhịa ọ meriri, ọ hapụrụ, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, onye mmeri ụwa na-esote Wilhelm Steinitz.

N'afọ 1865, Andersen nwetara aha agụmakwụkwọ kachasị elu - aha dọkịta na-asọpụrụ causa nke Mahadum Wroclaw, nke enyere ya na ntinye nke ngalaba nkà ihe ọmụma nke obodo ya. O mere n'ememe nke 100th ncheta nke Gymnasium. Frederick na Wroclaw, ebe Andersen rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi German, mgbakọ na mwepụ na physics kemgbe 1847.

6. Adolf Andersen na chessboard, Wroclaw, 1863.

isi iyi:

Andersen nwetara nnukwu asọmpi asọmpi na ndị agadi, maka ndị isi egwuregwu chess, afọ (afọ 6). Ọ kwụsịrị usoro asọmpi na-aga nke ọma na 1870 na mmeri na asọmpi na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị sonyere na Baden-Baden na XNUMX, ebe ya, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, meriri onye mmeri ụwa Steinitz.

Na 1877, mgbe asọmpi na Leipzig gasịrị, bụ ebe ọ gụchara nke abụọ, Andersen fọrọ nke nta ka ọ pụọ na asọmpi ahụ n'ihi ahụike. Ọ nwụrụ na Wrocław afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị n’ihi ọrịa obi siri ike, na March 13, 1879. E liri ya n'ili nke obodo Evangelical Reformed (Alter Fridhof der Reformierten Gemeinde). Nkume ili ahụ lanarịrị agha ahụ na mmalite 60s, n'ihi mbọ nke Lower Silesian Chess Society, e bugara ya n'ebe a na-eli ozu ezubere maka mmiri mmiri na Alley of the Merited na Osobowice Cemetery na Wrocław (7). N'afọ 2003, e debere ihe ncheta n'isi okwute, na-echeta uru Andersen nwetara.

7. ili Andersen na Alley of the Meritors na Osobowice Cemetery na Wroclaw, isi iyi:

Kemgbe 1992, a na-eme asọmpi chess na Wroclaw maka ncheta nke onye ọkpụkpọ chess German a pụtara ìhè. Ememe International Chess Festival Adolf Anderssen nke afọ a na-ahazi maka 31.07-8.08.2021, XNUMX - ozi gbasara Ememme ahụ dị na webụsaịtị.

Anderssen Gambit

Adolf Andersen gbakwara 2…b5?! na mpụta mbụ nke bishọp. Gambit a anaghị ewu ewu ugbu a n'egwuregwu asọmpi chess kpochapụrụ, ebe Black anaghị enweta nhata zuru oke maka pawn a chụrụ n'àjà. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-eme mgbe ụfọdụ na blitz ebe Black nwere ike iju onye iro na-akwadoghị.

8. Philatelic mpempe akwụkwọ e wepụtara na emume nke 200th ncheta nke ọmụmụ Adolf Andersen.

Nke a bụ ọmụmaatụ chess ịhụnanya nke onye ama ama Adolf Andersen na-akpọ.

August Mongredien nke Adolf Andersen, London, 1851

1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 b5 3.G: b5 c6 4.Ga4 Bc5 5.Bb3 Nf6 6.Sc3 d5 7.e: d5 OO 8.h3 c: d5 9.d3 Sc6 10.Sge2 d4 11.Se4 S : e4 12.d: e4 Kh8 13.Sg3 f5 14.e: f5 G: f5 15.S: f5 W: f5 16.Hg4 Bb4 + (eserese 9) 17.Kf1? Ọ dị mkpa iji chekwaa eze ngwa ngwa site n'ịkpọ 17.c3 d:c3 18.OO c: b2 19.G:b2 na ọnọdụ ọ bụla. 17… Qf6 18.f3 e4 19.Ke2? Nke a na-eduga ná mfu ngwa ngwa, White nwere ike chebe ogologo oge mgbe 19.H: e4 Re5 20.Qg4. 19…e:f3+20g:f3 Re8+21.Kf2 N5 na White gbara arụkwaghịm.

9. August Montgredien - Adolf Andersen, London 1851, ọnọdụ mgbe 16… G: b4 +

Hourglass

N'afọ 1852, onye mmeri chess nke England bụ Howard Staunton tụrụ aro iji hourglass tụọ oge n'oge egwuregwu. A na-eji elekere hourglass maka egwuregwu chess oge eme ihe na 1861 na egwuregwu dị n'etiti Adolf Anderssen a Ignatius Kolishsky (10).

Onye ọkpụkpọ ọ bụla nwere awa 2 iji mee mmegharị 24. Ngwaọrụ ahụ nwere ugogbe anya elekere abụọ na-atụgharị. Mgbe otu n'ime ndị na-egwu egwuregwu mere njem ya, o dobere elekere elekere ya n'ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ, na onye mmegide ahụ n'ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ. N'afọ ndị sochirinụ, a na-ejikarị hourglass eme egwuregwu chess. N'afọ 1866, n'oge egwuregwu dị n'etiti Adolf Andersen na Wilhelm Steinitz, a na-eji elekere abụọ nkịtị mee ihe, bụ nke malitere ọzọ ma kwụsị mgbe emechara. N'otu asọmpi na Baden-Baden na 1870, ndị mmegide na-egwuri egwu na-agba ọsọ 20 kwa elekere na nhọrọ nke ugogbe anya elekere na chess clocks.

10. Otu ugogbe anya elekere abụọ na-atụgharị maka ịtụ oge na egwuregwu chess.

isi iyi:

A na-eji ma hourglass na usoro elekere abụọ dị iche iche eme ihe ruo n'afọ 1883 mgbe elekere chess dochie ha.

mkpụrụedemede Chess

Na 1852 Andersen gbara ama egwuregwu megide Jean Dufresne na Berlin. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ naanị egwuregwu enyi na enyi, onye mmeri mbụ nke ụwa chess Wilhelm Steinitz kpọrọ ya "evergreen na Andersen's laurel wreath" na aha ahụ ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị.

Egwuregwu Evergreen

Onye mmegide Andersen na egwuregwu a bụ Jean Dufresne, otu n'ime ndị na-egwu chess Berlin siri ike, onye dere akwụkwọ chess, onye ọka iwu site na ọrụ, na onye nta akụkọ site na ọrụ. Dufresne kwụghachiri Anderssen maka mmeri nke egwuregwu mgbe ọ bụla site na imeri egwuregwu na-akwadoghị megide ya na 1868. N'afọ 1881, Dufresne bipụtara akwụkwọ ntuziaka chess: Kleines Lehrbuch des Schachspiels (Obere Chess Handbook), bụ nke, mgbe mgbakwunye na-esote, e bipụtara n'okpuru aha Lehrbuch des Schachspiels (13). Akwụkwọ ahụ bụ ma na-aga n'ihu na-ewu ewu nke ukwuu.

13. Jean Dufresne na akwụkwọ chess ya a ma ama Lehrbuch des Schachspiels.

isi iyi: 

Nke a bụ otu n'ime egwuregwu kacha mma na akụkọ chess.

Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne

1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4 (eserese 14) Andersen na-ahọrọ Evans Gambit n'egwuregwu Italy, oghere a ma ama na narị afọ 1826. Aha gambit sitere n'aha onye na-egwu chess Welsh bụ William Evans, bụ onye mbụ gosipụtara nyocha ya. Na '4 Evans ji gambit a na egwuregwu mmeri megide onye ọkpụkpọ chess Britain kachasị ukwuu, Alexander McDonnell. Ọcha na-achụ àjà b-pawn iji nweta uru na-emepe emepe ma wuo etiti siri ike. 4… G: b5 3.c5 Ga6 4.d4 e: d7 3.OO d8 3.Qb6 Qf9 5.e15 (eserese 9) 6… Qg5 ojii enweghị ike iburu pawn na e9, n'ihi na mgbe 5… N: e10 1 Re6. d11 4.Qa10+ White na-enweta bishọp ojii. 1.Re7 Sge11 3.Ga16 (eserese 11) Ndị bishọp ọcha chere ihu eze ojii bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị tactical motif na Evans Gambit 5… bXNUMX? Black na-enweghị isi na-enye mpempe akwụkwọ, na-eme atụmatụ ịgbalite ụlọ elu ahụ.

14. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, ọnọdụ mgbe 4.b4

15. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, ọnọdụ mgbe 9.e5

16. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, ọnọdụ mgbe 11. Ga3

Ọ dị mkpa igwu egwu 11.OO iji chebe eze pụọ na mwakpo onye iro 12.H: b5 Rb8 13.Qa4 Bb6 14.Sbd2 Bb7 15.Se4 Qf5? Oji mejọrọ bụ na ọ ka na-egbu oge kama ichebe eze. 16.G: d3 Hh5 17.Sf6+? Kama ịchụ aja aja, mmadụ kwesịrị ịkpọrọ 17.Ng3 Qh6 18th Wad1 nwere nnukwu uru na ọtụtụ egwu, dị ka Gc1 17… g:f6 18.e: f6 Rg8 19.Wad1 (eserese 17) 19… Q: f3 ? Nke a na-eduga na mmeri ojii. Ọ ka mma ịkpọ 19…Qh3, 19…Wg4 ma ọ bụ 19…Bd4. 20.B: e7+! Mmalite nke otu n'ime ihe ndị a ma ama na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke chess. 20… R: e7 (eserese 18) 21.Q: d7+! K: d7 22.Bf5 ++ nlele ugboro abụọ na-amanye eze ịkwaga. 22… Ke8 (Ọ bụrụ 22… Kc6 nhata 23.Bd7#) 23.Bd7+Kf8 24.G: e7# 1-0.

17. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, ọnọdụ mgbe 19th. Wad1

18. Adolf Andersen - Jean Dufresne, ọnọdụ mgbe 20 ... N: e7