Nkwata Amerịka

V 80 na mpaghara Hel, n'oge ule na injin turbine nke injinia Walter na 1942. A na-ahụ ihe mkpuchi na oke nke obere ala dị n'elu.

N'ime oge interwar, ụgbọ mmiri niile nwetara ọsọ kachasị elu, ma e wezụga nke ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri, nke njedebe dị n'elu ka dị 17 knots, na n'okpuru mmiri 9 knots - maka oge na-ejedebe site na batrị ruo ihe dị ka otu awa na ọkara ma ọ bụ. Obere ma ọ bụrụ na mbụ, achachabeghị batrị zuru oke mgbe mmiri dị.

Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite 30s, German engineer. Helmut Walter. Echiche ya bụ imepụta igwe ọkụ mechiri emechi (na-enweghị ohere ikuku ikuku) site na iji mmanụ dizel na uzuoku na-atụgharị turbine dị ka isi iyi ike. Ebe ọ bụ na ịnye oxygen bụ ihe dị mkpa maka usoro ọkụ ọkụ, Walther nyere maka ojiji nke hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) na ntinye ihe karịrị 80%, nke a na-akpọ perhydrol, dị ka isi iyi ya na ụlọ ọkụ mechiri emechi. Ihe na-akpali akpali maka mmeghachi omume kwesịrị ịbụ sodium ma ọ bụ calcium permanganate.

Nnyocha na-agbasa ngwa ngwa

Julaị 1, 1935 - mgbe ụgbọ mmiri Kiel abụọ nke Deutsche Werke AG na Krupp nọ na-ewu nkeji iri na asatọ nke usoro abụọ mbụ nke ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri (ụdị II A na II B) maka U-Bootwaffe na-ewete ngwa ngwa - Walter Germaniawerft AG, nke nwere. etinyere aka na ọtụtụ afọ na ịmepụta ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri dị elu nke nwere ụgbọ elu nke onwe ya, ọ haziri Ingenieurbüro Hellmuth Walter GmbH na Kiel, na-ewe otu onye ọrụ. N'afọ sochirinụ, ọ tọrọ ntọala ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ, Hellmuth Walter Kommanditgesellschaft (HWK), zụtara gasworks ochie wee mee ka ọ bụrụ saịtị nnwale nke na-ewe mmadụ 18 ọrụ. Na ntụgharị nke 300/1939, a gbasaa osisi ahụ ruo n'ógbè ahụ kpọmkwem na Kaiser Wilhelm Canal, dị ka a na-ama Kiel Canal (German: Nord-Ostsee-Kanal) ruo 40, ọrụ mụbara ruo ihe dị ka mmadụ 1948, a gbatịkwara nyocha. ka ụgbọ elu draịva na ala agha.

N'otu afọ ahụ, Walter guzobere osisi maka mmepụta nke torpedo engines na Arensburg dị nso na Hamburg, na n'afọ na-esote, 1941, na Eberswalde nso Berlin - osisi maka ụgbọ elu engines maka ụgbọ elu; A bufere osisi ahụ na Bavorov (nke bụbu Beerberg) dị nso na Lyuban. Na 1944, e hiwere ụlọ ọrụ rọketi na Hartmannsdorf. N'afọ 1940, a kwagara ebe a na-anwale ule TVA torpedo (TorpedoVerssuchsanstalt) na Hel na akụkụ ya na Bossau na Lake Grosser Pleener (ọwụwa anyanwụ Schleswig-Holstein). Ruo mgbe agha biri, ụlọ ọrụ Walther ji ihe dị ka mmadụ 5000 were were ihe dị ka ndị injinia 300. Akụkọ a gbasara ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri.

N'oge ahụ, a na-eji hydrogen peroxide dị ala, nke ruru pasentị ole na ole, na ụlọ ọrụ ịchọ mma, textiles, chemical and medical industry, na ịnweta nnukwu ego (karịa 80%) bara uru maka nyocha Walther bụ nnukwu nsogbu nye ndị na-emepụta ya. . Hydrogen peroxide gbasiri ike n'onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ n'oge ahụ na Germany n'okpuru ọtụtụ aha mkpuchi: T-Stoff (Treibstoff), Aurol, Auxilin na Ingolin, na dị ka mmiri mmiri na-enweghị ụcha ọ na-esekwa odo odo maka mkpuchi.

Ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke turbine oyi

The ire ere nke perhydrol n'ime oxygen na mmiri vapor mere mgbe kọntaktị na onye na-akpali akpali - sodium ma ọ bụ calcium permanganate - na a decomposition ụlọ nke igwe anaghị agba nchara (perhydrol bụ ize ndụ, kemịkal ike mmiri mmiri, mere ike oxidation nke ọla na egosiputa pụrụ iche reactivity). ya na mmanu). N'ime ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri nnwale, a na-etinye perhydrol na bunkers mepere emepe n'okpuru akwa siri ike, na akpa ejiri ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe "mipolam", dị ka roba. A na-etinye akpa ndị ahụ na nrụgide mpụga site na mmiri oké osimiri na-amanye perhydrol n'ime mgbapụta injection site na valvụ nlele. N'ihi ngwọta a, ọ dịghị nnukwu ihe mberede na perhydrol n'oge nnwale. Igwe ọkụ eletrik na-ebunye perhydrol site na valvụ njikwa n'ime ụlọ ire ere. Mgbe ya na onye na-eme ihe na-emekọrịta ihe, perhydrol mebiri n'ime ngwakọta nke oxygen na vapor mmiri, nke na-esonyere mmụba nke nrụgide na uru 30 mgbe niile na okpomọkụ ruo 600 ° C. Na nrụgide a, ngwakọta nke ikuku mmiri na-ebugharị turbine, mgbe ahụ, na-agbanye na condenser, kpochapu, na-ejikọta na mmiri oké osimiri, ebe ikuku oxygen mere ka mmiri na-afụ ụfụ ntakịrị. Ịbawanye omimi nke imikpu na-eme ka nguzogide nke ikuku nke uzuoku si n'akụkụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ belata ma si otú a belata ike nke turbine mepụtara.

Ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke turbine na-ekpo ọkụ

Ngwaọrụ a dị mgbagwoju anya na teknụzụ, gụnyere. ọ dị mkpa iji mgbapụta okpukpu atọ a na-achịkwa nke ọma n'otu oge na-enye perhydrol, mmanụ dizel na mmiri (a na-eji mmanụ sịntetik a na-akpọ "decalin" kama mmanụ mmanụ dizel mgbe niile). N'azụ ụlọ ire ere bụ ụlọ mgba ọkụ poselin. A na-agbanye "Decalin" n'ime ngwakọta nke uzuoku na ikuku oxygen, na okpomọkụ nke ihe dịka 600 Celsius C, na-abanye n'okpuru nrụgide nke ya site na ọnụ ụlọ decomposition n'ime ụlọ combustion, na-eme ka okpomọkụ dị elu ozugbo ruo 2000-2500 Celsius. A na-agbabakwa mmiri ọkụ n'ime ụlọ combustion nke jaket jụrụ oyi, na-abawanye oke ikuku mmiri wee belata okpomọkụ nke ikuku ikuku (85% vapor water and 15% carbon dioxide) ruo 600 ° C. Ngwakọta a, n'okpuru nrụgide nke 30 mmanya, chụpụrụ turbine wee tụpụ ya na ụlọ siri ike. Mmiri mmiri jikọtara ya na mmiri mmiri, na dioxide gbazere n'ime ya ugbua na omimi omimi nke 40. Dị ka ọ dị na turbine "oyi", mmụba nke omimi imikpu mere ka ọ daa na ike turbine. A na-ebugharị propeller site na igbe gear nwere oke ngwo nke 20:1. Oriri perhydrol maka turbine "ọkụ" dị okpukpu atọ karịa maka "oyi".

N'afọ 1936, Walter gbakọtara n'ụlọ ezumeghe nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri German nke mbụ turbine "na-ekpo ọkụ", na-arụ ọrụ n'adabereghị na ịnweta ikuku ikuku, nke e mere maka ngwa ngwa n'okpuru mmiri nke ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri, na ike nke 4000 hp. (ihe dị ka 2940 kW).