Ụgbọ ala ndị nwere injin rotary - kedu uru ha bara?
Ihe
Ọtụtụ mgbe, "obi" nke igwe bụ sistemu cylinder-piston, ya bụ, dabere na mmegharị mmegharị, mana enwere nhọrọ ọzọ - ụgbọ ala rotary.
Ụgbọ ala ndị nwere engine rotary - isi ihe dị iche
Isi ihe isi ike n'ịrụ igwe ọkụ n'ime ya na cylinders kpochapụwo bụ ịtụgharị mmegharị mmegharị nke piston ka ọ bụrụ torque, na-enweghị nke wiil agaghị agagharị.. Ọ bụ ya mere, malite n’oge e mepụtara engine combustion nke mbụ n’ime ime, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n’onwe ha na-agbagwojuwo anya otú e si eme moto nwere ihe ndị na-agbagharị agbagharị nanị. Onye ọrụ nka German-nugget Wankel nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na nke a.
Ọ mepụtara ihe osise mbụ na 1927, mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Mgbe e mesịrị, onye na-arụzi ụgbọala zụtara obere ụlọ ọrụ wee malite ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma na echiche ya. Nsonaazụ nke ọtụtụ afọ nke ọrụ bụ ọrụ nlereanya nke rotary esịtidem combustion engine, kere ọnụ na engineer Walter Freude. Usoro ahụ tụgharịrị yie igwe eletriki, ya bụ, ọ dabere na ogwe nwere rotor triangular, nke yiri triangle Reuleaux, bụ nke etinyere n'ime ụlọ nwere ụdị oval. Nkuku ndị ahụ na-adabere na mgbidi ahụ, na-ekepụta kọntaktị mbughari na ha.
The oghere nke stator (ụlọ) na-ekewa site isi n'ime ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụlọ kwekọrọ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ya n'akụkụ, na n'oge otu mgbanwe nke rotor atọ isi ọrịa strok na-esichara: mmanụ ụgbọala injection, mgbanye, iyuzucha gas emission. N'ezie, n'ezie, e nwere 5 n'ime ha, ma ndị dị n'etiti abụọ, mkpakọ mmanụ na mgbasawanye gas, nwere ike ileghara anya. N'otu okirikiri zuru oke, mgbanwe ntụgharị 3 na-eme, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị eburu n'uche na a na-etinyekarị rotors abụọ na antiphase, ụgbọ ala nwere injin rotary nwere ike okpukpu atọ karịa sistemu cylinder-piston.
Kedu ka igwe dizel rotary si ewu ewu?
Ụgbọ ala mbụ nke arụnyere engine combustion nke Wankel bụ ụgbọ ala NSU Spider nke emepụtara na 1964, nwere ike nke 54 hp, nke mere ka ụgbọ ala ahụ dịkwuo ngwa ngwa ruo 150 km / h. Mgbe ahụ, na 1967, e mepụtara ụdị nnwale nke NSU Ro-80 sedan, mara mma na ọbụna mara mma, nke nwere mkpuchi dị warara na obere ogwe dị elu. Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ banyere n'ime uka mmepụta. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ụgbọ ala a kpaliri ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ịzụta akwụkwọ ikike maka engine diesel rotary. Ndị a gụnyere Toyota, Citroen, GM, Mazda. Ihe ọhụrụ ahụ agbanyeghi mgbọrọgwụ n'ebe ọ bụla. Gịnị kpatara? Ihe kpatara nke a bụ nnukwu adịghị ike ya.
Ime ụlọ ahụ nke mgbidi stator na rotor mebere karịrị nke ukwuu nke cylinder kpochapụwo; ngwakọta mmanụ ọkụ na-enweghị isi.. N'ihi nke a, ọbụlagodi n'iji mwepu synchronous nke spark plugs abụọ, a naghị echekwa ọkụ ọkụ zuru oke. N'ihi ya, engine combustion n'ime bụ enweghị akụ na ụba na enweghị enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ya mere, mgbe nsogbu mmanụ ụgbọala malitere, NSU, bụ ndị na-adabere na engines rotary, manyere ka ha jikọọ na Volkswagen, ebe ha gbahapụrụ Wankels na-adịghị mma.
Mercedes-Benz mepụtara naanị ụgbọ ala abụọ nwere rotor - C111 nke mbụ (280 hp, 257.5 km / h, 100 km / h na 5 sekọnd) na nke abụọ (350 hp, 300 km / h, 100 km / h na 4.8 sec) ọgbọ. Chevrolet rụpụtakwara ụgbọ ala ule Corvette abụọ, nke nwere injin 266 hp abụọ. na akụkụ anọ 390 hp, mana ihe niile ejedebere na ngosipụta ha. Ruo afọ 2, malite na 1974, Citroen mepụtara 874 Citroen GS Birotor ụgbọ ala nwere ike nke 107 hp site na mgbakọ ahụ, mgbe ahụ, a na-echeta ha maka mmiri mmiri, ma ihe dị ka 200 nọgidere na ndị na-anụ ụgbọ ala. Nke a pụtara na enwere ohere izute ha taa n'okporo ụzọ Germany, Denmark ma ọ bụ Switzerland, ma ọ bụrụ na, n'ezie, ndị nwe ha emeela nnukwu mgbanwe nke injin rotary ha.
Mazda nwere ike guzobe mmepụta kacha kwụsie ike; site na 1967 ruo 1972, e mepụtara ụgbọ ala Cosmo 1519, gụnyere n'ime usoro abụọ nke 343 na ụgbọ ala 1176. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-etinye Luce R130 coupe na mmepụta oke. A malitere itinye Wankels na ụdị Mazda niile na-enweghị isi kemgbe 1970, gụnyere ụgbọ ala Parkway Rotary 26, nke na-eru ọsọ ruru 120 km / h ma tụọ kilogram 2835. N'otu oge ahụ, mmepụta nke engines rotary malitere na USSR, ọ bụ ezie na enweghị ikike, ya mere, ha ji obi ha chepụta ihe niile site na iji ihe atụ nke Wankel disassembled na NSU Ro-80.
Emere mmepe na ụlọ ọrụ VAZ. Na 1976, engine VAZ-311 qualitatively gbanwere, na afọ isii ka e mesịrị, VAZ-21018 ika na rotor 70 hp malitere na-emepụta na oke. N'ezie, n'oge na-adịghị anya, etinyere piston n'ime ọkụ ọkụ na usoro dum, ebe ọ bụ na Wankels niile mebiri n'oge a na-agba ọsọ, ọ dịkwa mkpa ka e dochie engine rotary. Ebe ọ bụ na 1983, VAZ-411 na VAZ-413 ụdị na 120 na 140 hp malitere ịpụ n'ahịrị mgbakọ ahụ. n'otu n'otu. Ndị uwe ojii okporo ụzọ, Ministri na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara ime obodo na ndị KGB bụ ndị ejikere. Ugbu a, Mazda na-ahụ maka rotors naanị.
Ọ ga-ekwe omume iji aka aka gị rụkwaa igwe rotary?
Ọ na-esiri ike ịme ihe ọ bụla n'adabereghị na igwe ọkụ nke Wankel n'ime. Ihe kachasị dị mfe bụ iji dochie anya ọkụ ọkụ. Na ụdị nke mbụ, a na-agbanye ha ozugbo n'ime oghere na-eguzo ọtọ, gburugburu nke ọ bụghị naanị rotor, kamakwa ụlọ n'onwe ya na-atụgharị. Ka oge na-aga, n'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, e mere stator ahụ ka ọ ghara imegharị ya site n'ịwụnye ọkụ ọkụ 2 na mgbidi ya na-eche ihu ntụtụ mmanụ ọkụ na valvụ mgbapụta gas. Ọrụ nrụzi ọ bụla ọzọ, ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji piston n'ime igwe ọkụ ọkụ, agaghị ekwe omume.
Injin Wankel nwere akụkụ 40% dị ntakịrị karịa ọkọlọtọ n'ime ụlọ combustion engine, nke ọrụ ya dabere na CPG (cylinder-piston group).
A na-agbanwe oghere nkwado nke osisi ma ọ bụrụ na ọla kọpa amalite ịpụta site na ya; iji mee nke a, wepụ ihe ndị ahụ, dochie ha ma pịa gia azụ. Mgbe ahụ, anyị na-enyocha akara ma, ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, gbanwee ha. Mgbe ị na-eji aka nke aka gị na-arụkwa injin rotary, kpachara anya mgbe ị na-ewepụ ma na-etinye mgbanaka mgbanaka mmanụ; nke dị n'ihu na n'azụ dị iche na ọdịdị. A na-edochikwa efere ngwụcha ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, a ga-etinyerịrị ha dịka akara mkpụrụedemede si dị.
A na-ebu ụzọ tinye akara nkuku n'akụkụ ihu nke rotor; ọ bụ ihe amamihe dị na ya itinye ha na griiz Castrol green iji dozie ha mgbe ị na-agbakọta usoro ahụ. Mgbe ị wụnye osisi ahụ, a na-etinye akara nkuku azụ. Mgbe ị na-etinye gaskets na stator, gbanye ha na mkpuchi. A na-etinye Apexes na isi iyi n'ime akara nkuku mgbe etinyere rotor na ụlọ stator. N'ikpeazụ, gaskets nke akụkụ dị n'ihu na azụ na-agba mmanụ na sealant tupu ha ejikọta ihe mkpuchi ahụ.
