Café de la Régence - isi obodo chess nke ụwa

Parisian Café de la Régence a ma ama bụ na narị afọ nke XNUMX na nke XNUMX Mecca maka ndị na-akwado egwuregwu eze. Ndị chess nke Europe zutere ebe a. Ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ, tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma Jean Jacques Rousseau, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-eme ihe ike Maximilian Robespierre na Napoleon Bonaparte, eze ukwu France n'ọdịnihu. Kwa ụbọchị n'ehihie na mgbede, ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu chess dị elu na-anọkọ n'ụlọ nri.

Maka ọnụego ekwekọrịtara, "ndị prọfesọ chess" soro onye ọ bụla gwuo egwu ma ọ bụ nye ha nkuzi. Kafe dị na Palais Royal, dị nso na Louvre, bụ onye burger aha ya bụ Lefebvre tọrọ ntọala na 1681. Na mbụ, a na-akpọ ya Café de Palais-Royal, na 1718 ọ gbanwere aha ya. Cafe Regency.

Akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ekwu na ihe mere e ji gbanwee aha ya bụ nleta nke onye nchịkwa ugboro ugboro, Prince Philippe d'Orléans, na-adọrọ mmasị na ịma mma nke nwunye nke onye nwe ụlọ ọhụrụ nke cafe ahụ, bụ onye na-enwe ụlọ mgbe Lefebvre gasịrị. Philip Orlyansky bụ onye ọchịchị n'oge ọ bụ nwata nke Louis XV, na afọ 1715-1723 ọchịchị ya bụ oge okooko osisi French, eserese na ọkpụkpụ. A makwaara Philip maka omume ya, nke mebiri iwu na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ikpe niile.

Chess Isi Obodo nke Ụwa

Ndị ọkachamara chess na-ezukọ ma nọrọ ụbọchị ha na cafes, gụnyere Kermer de Legal na nwa akwụkwọ ya François Philidor. Nye ọtụtụ ndị na-egwu chess na-eduga, egwuregwu na cafes bụ isi ihe na-akpata ego, n'ihi na a na-egwukarị ha maka ego. Ya mere, anyị nwere ike ịgbalị ịsị na mmasị mmadụ nwere maka ịgba chaa chaa nyere aka n'ịzụlite chess. Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ọ bụghị nanị na-egwu maka ego, kamakwa ọ kwadoro nsonaazụ egwuregwu onye ọ bụla.

N'oge ahụ, okwu ahụ bụ "cafemaster" nwere nkọwa dị iche karịa ugbu a. Ọ bụ onye ọkpụkpọ siri ike nke mere ndụ ya na-egwu chess. "Onye mmeri" dị otú ahụ nwere ikike iji nyochaa ngwa ngwa ike nke onye mmegide mgbe ọ na-enye egwuregwu maka ego, ma n'otu oge ahụ chọrọ forums. Ruo na njedebe nke narị afọ nke XNUMX, nna ukwu Cafe Regency na-abụkarị ọ bụ onye ọkpụkpọ kachasị ike na mba ahụ, na mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna n'ụwa.

N'afọ 1750, onye na-egwu chess nke France bụ Kermer de Legal, weere na ọ bụ onye kasị sie ike na France ruo mgbe nwa akwụkwọ ya François Philidor meriri ya, na-egwuri egwu otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ewu ewu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke chess na Café de la Régence. Usoro a bụ isiokwu nke operetta Der Seekadett (Navy Cadet) nke Richard Genet dere na 1887.

Onodu egosiri na eserese 1 ka emebere n'ime uzo anọ: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.Bc4 Bg4 4.Nc3 g6? Oji kwenyesiri ike na akwa mmiri f3 na-acha ọcha na-agbanye, mana nke a bụ ntụtụ adịgboroja 5.S: e5! G: d1?? Black kwesịrị ịnakwere ọnwụ nke pawn ma chebe eze site na onye na-enyocha ya na 5 ... Be6 ma ọ bụ 5 ... d: e5, ma ka ahụghị ihe ize ndụ nke 6. G: f7 + Ke7 7. Nd5 # (eserese 2).

1. Kermeur de Legal - Saint-Brie, Café de la Régence, 1750; ọnọdụ site na 4… g6?

2. Kermeur de Legal - Saint-Brie, Café de la Régence, 1750; Matt Legal

3. François-André Danican Philidor bụ onye na-ede egwú French na onye ọkpụkpọ chess kasị ukwuu nke narị afọ nke XNUMX.

Nwa akwụkwọ nke iwu na onye ọbịa na-agakarị na cafe bụ (1726-1795), onye ọkpụkpọ chess kachasị ama nke narị afọ nke 3 (XNUMX). N'akwụkwọ ya "L'analyse des Echecs" ("Analysis of the game of chess"), nke gafere ihe karịrị otu narị mbipụta, ọ gbanwere nghọta nke chess. Echiche ya kachasị ama dị n'okwu a maara nke ọma "pawns bụ mkpụrụ obi nke egwuregwu", na-ekwusi ike na ọ dị mkpa egwuregwu pawn ziri ezi n'akụkụ niile nke egwuregwu ahụ.

W Cafe Regency Ndị ya na ha na-arụkọ ọrụ na bọọdụ bụ Voltaire na Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Ọbụna n'oge ndụ ya, a nabatara ya dị ka onye na-egwu egwu na onye na-ede egwú, ọ hapụrụ operas iri abụọ! N'okwu mmeghe, a na-echekwa ebe nchekwa Philidor n'aha otu n'ime oghere, Philidor Defense: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6. Ọkwa egwuregwu Philidor dị elu karịa nke ndị niile ha na ya dịkọrọ ndụ nke na site na afọ 21 ọ na-egwu naanị ndị mmegide ya na forums.

Ndị nnọchianya nke ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi nke Paris - ndị edemede, ndị nta akụkọ na ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị - zutere na cafe. Voltaire na Rousseau ahụ a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu, yana Denis Diderot, na-anọkarị ebe a. Nke ikpeazụ dere, sị: "Paris bụ ebe dị n'ụwa, na Café de la Régence bụ ebe a na-egwu chess na ọkwa kachasị elu."

Onye hụrụ chess n'anya Benjamin Franklin na onye eze Ọstria Joseph I, onye gara France incognito n'okpuru aha Prince Falkenstein gara leta cafe ahụ. Na 1780, Russian Tsar Paul I, nwa Catherine the Great, gara ebe a. N'afọ 1798 Cafe Regency Napoleon Bonaparte. Tebụl marble, nke eze ukwu ga-anọ ọdụ, nwere ebe nsọpụrụ na cafe ruo ọtụtụ afọ na nkọwa kwekọrọ.

4. Egwuregwu chess a ma ama na 1843 na Café de la Régence na Howard Staunton na Pierre Charles Fourier Saint-Aman.

Na ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke XNUMX, ndị egwuregwu chess bụ ndị a na-ewere dị ka ndị mmeri ụwa na-akwadoghị rụrụ na Café de la Régence: Alexandre Deschapelles, Louis de la Bourdonnet na Pierre Saint-Amand. N'ime afọ XNUMX nke ndị egwuregwu chess kacha mma n'ụwa Cafe Regency ndị Britain malitere ịsọ mpi.

N'afọ 1834, egwuregwu anọghị ya malitere n'etiti ndị nnọchi anya cafe na Westminster Chess Club, tọrọ ntọala afọ atọ gara aga.

N'afọ 1843, a na-egwuri egwu na cafe, bụ nke kwụsịrị ogologo oge nke ndị na-egwu chess French. Onye England bụ Howard Staunton meriri Pierre Saint-Aman (+6 -11 = 4). Onye na-ese ihe French bụ Jean-Henri Marlet, ezigbo enyi nke Pierre Saint-Amand, na-ese na 1843 ihe osise "The Game of Chess", nke Staunton na-egwuri egwu na Saint-Amand na cafe "Regence" (4).

5. Ìgwè ndị hụrụ chess n'anya na Café de la Régence

Na 1852, n'ihe metụtara ọrụ owuwu na Louvre, a kpọgara cafe ahụ na Dodun Hotel na 21 rue Richelieu, na mgbe ahụ, na 1855, laghachiri na nso ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme (rue Saint-Honoré 161), na-ejigide ya. nkọwapụta. agwa na ndị ahịa mbụ (5). N'oge ahụ, cafe nwetara ime ọhụrụ, gụnyere chess motifs dị ka bust nke Philidor.

Cafe Regency hụrụ ọtụtụ ihe omume egwuregwu dị ịrịba ama. Na Septemba 27, 1858, Paul Morphy na ndị egwuregwu chess asatọ siri ike na Paris gbara nnọkọ n'otu oge, wee nweta nsonaazụ dị mma - mmeri isii na agba abụọ (6).

6. Paul Morphy na-egwu kpuru ìsì na ndị Parisian chess asatọ siri ike.

Simultana were awa 10, n'oge nke Morphy erighị ma ọ bụ ṅụọ ihe ọ bụla. Mgbe ọ hapụrụ ụlọ ahụ mgbe e mechara ya, ìgwè mmadụ ahụ na-anụ ọkụ n'obi na-aṅụrị chess ọgụgụ isi nke ukwuu nke na ndị Nchebe Imperial kwenyesiri ike na mgbanwe ọhụrụ amalitela. N'ụtụtụ echi ya, Morphy kwuru site na ncheta mmegharị nke egwuregwu asatọ niile a na-eme, yana ọtụtụ narị ọdịiche enwere ike ịmalite n'ime egwuregwu awa abụọ. N'April 1859, e mere oriri nlegharị anya na cafe iji sọpụrụ nna ukwu America bụ onye meriri ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu chess kacha mma na Europe.

N'ọgwụgwụ nke iri na itoolu na mmalite narị afọ nke iri abụọ, cafe ji nwayọọ nwayọọ tụfuo mkpa ọ dị ka ebe chess, n'agbanyeghị na ọ ka bụ ebe a na-eme mmemme chess dị mkpa ma nabata ọtụtụ ndị egwuregwu chess a ma ama. A gbanwere ya ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na 1910 na ọtụtụ ndị na-egwu chess kpebiri ịkwaga na 1916 na Café de l'Univers.

7. Ụlọ ahụ na-ebubu Café de la Régence.

Taa na Cafe Regency A naghị agba chess ọzọ, bọs Philidor na tebụl ebe Bonaparte na-eto eto na-asọ mpi apụọla n'anya. "Ụlọ nsọ chess" mbụ bụ ụlọ ọrụ njem nlegharị anya nke Morocco (7). Enwere ọtụtụ cafes mara mma dị nso, mana ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ha dị ka ndị na-egwu chess na-agbakọta.

Jan-Krzysztof Duda dị afọ 17 bụ osote onye mmeri nke ụwa n'okpuru afọ 20!

Jan-Krzysztof Duda nwetara nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma ọzọ mgbe ọ meriri nrite ọlaọcha na World Junior Chess Championship U20, nke emere site na 1 ruo 16 Septemba na Khanty-Mansiysk, obodo Russia dị na Siberia. Ogwe ahụ duuru ọtụtụ agba ma dị nso imeri n'ime asọmpi ahụ niile.

N'ihi ya, n'ime egwuregwu iri na atọ, ọ meriri 10 isi, otu ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ka onye mmeri Mikhail Antipov si Russia (8).

8. Tupu egwuregwu nke abụọ kacha mma nke World Chess Championship U20

Duda zutere Antipov otu afọ tọrọ ya na 9th (8th) gburugburu. Ndị Rọshịa na-asọpụrụ Pole na, na-egwuri egwu na Black, gbalịrị iji nweta eserese. Duda nwetara ntakịrị uru, mana ndị Rọshịa gbachitere nke ọma na egwuregwu ahụ kwụsịrị na eserese.

Na agba nke ikpeazụ, Antipov meriri egwuregwu ahụ furu efu wee nwetaghachi isi 0,5 site na Pole, bụ onye sere naanị ya. Ekpebiri asọmpi ahụ naanị site na akara inyeaka nke atọ, nke, n'ụzọ dị mwute, adịghị akwado onye ọkpụkpọ chess anyị sitere na Wieliczka.

Otú ọ dị, Pole enwebeghị otu egwuregwu na asọmpi a, merie asaa ma gbaa isii. Mgbe asọmpi ahụ kwụsịrị, o kwuru, sị: "Enwekwara m afọ atọ ọzọ iji gwuo egwu n'ọgbọ nke a, agaghịkwa m atụfu ya."

Ugbu a, Jan-Krzysztof Duda nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ n'ụwa na ọkwa FIDE n'etiti ndị na-eto eto n'okpuru 17, n'ihu ya bụ naanị ndị China Wei Yi na Russian Vladislav Artemiev.