Gịnị bụ a engine ụgbọ ala turbocharged?

Igwe ngbanye ọkụ

Turbo engine. Ọrụ nke ịba ụba ike engine na torque na-adị mkpa mgbe niile. Ike engine na-emetụta kpọmkwem na ntugharị nke cylinders na ọnụọgụ ikuku-mmanụ ọkụ na-enye ha. Ya bụ, ka mmanụ ọkụ na-ere ọkụ na cylinders, otú ahụ ka a na-emepụta ike site na otu ike. Otú ọ dị, ngwọta kachasị mfe bụ ịbawanye ike engine. Mmụba nke olu ọrụ ya na-eduga n'ịbawanye akụkụ na ịdị arọ nke nhazi ahụ. Enwere ike ịbawanye ọnụọgụ nke ngwakọta arụ ọrụ enyere site na ịbawanye ọsọ nke ntụgharị nke crankshaft. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, mmejuputa usoro ọrụ ọrụ na cylinders kwa nkeji oge. Ma a ga-enwe nsogbu siri ike metụtara mmụba nke ike inertia na mmụba dị ukwuu nke ibu ọrụ na akụkụ nke ike unit, nke ga-eduga ná mbelata ndụ engine.

Nrụpụta ọrụ Turbo

Mostzọ kachasị dị irè n'ọnọdụ a bụ ike. Cheedị echiche ihe oriri nke injin na-ere ọkụ n'ime. Injin ahụ, ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka mgbapụta, adịghịkwa arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Ikuku ikuku nwere ihe nzacha ikuku, ihe oriri nke otutu, na mmanu mmanu enwekwara valvụ uzo. Ihe niile a, n'ezie, na-ebelata ndochi nke cylinder. Iji mee ka mgbali elu nke valvụ oriri ahụ, a ga-etinyekwu ikuku na cylinder. Funwe mmanụ ọkụ na-eme ka ụgwọ ọrụ dị ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ, nke na-enye ha ohere ịmịkwuo mmanụ n'ime cylinders ma si otú ahụ nweta ike engine. A na-eji ụdị nkwalite atọ dị na injin na-ere ọkụ n'ime. Resonance na-eji kinetic ike nke ikuku na oriri manifolds. N'okwu a, anaghị achọ nkwụnye / mgbakwunye ọzọ. Mechanik, na ụdị nke a, eriri igwe na-agbagharị compressor.

Ngwunye gas ma ọ bụ engine turbo

Igwe gas ma ọ bụ turbocharger, turbine a na-ebugharị site na mmụba nke ikuku gas. Usoro ọ bụla nwere uru na ọghọm ya, nke na-ekpebi ubi nke ngwa. Onu oriri ndi mmadu. Maka mma juputara na cylinder ahụ, nrụgide n'ihu valvụ oriri ga-abawanye. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a chọghị nrụgide ka ukwuu. O zuru ezu iji bulie ya n'oge a na-emechi valvụ ahụ ma buru akụkụ nke ikuku n'ime cylinder ahụ. Maka nrụgide nrụgide dị mkpirikpi, mkpakọ mkpakọ nke na-agagharị n'ọtụtụ oriri mgbe injin ahụ dị mma. O zuru ezu iji gbakọọ ogologo nke pipeline n'onwe ya ka ebili mmiri ahụ gosipụtara ọtụtụ ugboro site na nsọtụ ya rutere na valvụ n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị. Usoro iwu a dị mfe, mana mmejuputa ya chọrọ ọtụtụ amamihe. The valvụ adịghị emeghe dị iche iche crankshaft ọsọ na ya mere na-eji resonant amplification mmetụta.

Turbo engine - ike ike

Na a obere oriri manifold, engine na-arụ ọrụ ka mma na elu revs. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị obere ọsọ, ụzọ ntinye ogologo na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma. Agbanwe ogologo uzo mmiri anwụrụ nwere ike kere n'ụzọ abụọ. Ma ọ bụ site na ijikọ ọnụ ụlọ resonance, ma ọ bụ site na ịgbanye na ọwa ntinye chọrọ ma ọ bụ jikọọ ya. A na-akpọ nke ikpeazụ ike dị ike. Reson na ike na-arụ ọrụ nwere ike mee ka ụlọ elu ikuku na-asọba. Mmetụta nkwalite nke mmụba na ntụgharị ikuku na-ebute site na 5 ruo 20 mbar. Site n'iji ya tụnyere, site na iji turbocharger ma ọ bụ nkwalite igwe, ị nwere ike ịnweta ụkpụrụ na oke 750 na 1200 mbar. Iji mezuo foto a, rịba ama na a ka nwere ampilifaya na-adịghị arụ ọrụ. Nke bụ isi ihe maka imepụta nrụgide dị elu nke valvụ ahụ bụ isi nrụgide dị elu nke mmụba na ọkpọkọ mmiri.

Bawanye ike nke engine nke turbo

Nke a na - enye ntakịrị mmụba na ike na nnukwu ọsọ ọsọ karịrị kilomita 140 kwa elekere. A na-ejikarị ya na ọgba tum tum. Mechanical fillers na-ekwe ka a ụzọ dị mfe iji budata dịkwuo engine ike. Site na-akwọ ụgbọala na engine kpọmkwem site engine crankshaft, Compressor bụ ike nke na-agbapụta ikuku n'ime cylinders n'egbughị oge na nke kacha nta na-agba, na-amụba na agbam ume mgbali na nlezianya hà na engine ọsọ. Ma ha nwekwara ọghọm. Ha na-ebelata arụmọrụ nke injin na-ere ọkụ n'ime. Maka na a na-eji ụfọdụ ike sitere n’enye ọkpụrụkpụ akwọ ha. Sistemụ nrụgide igwe na-ewe ohere karịa ma chọọ onye nrụpụta pụrụ iche. Eriri oge ma ọ bụ gearbox na-eme mkpọtụ dị ukwuu. Mechanical fillers. E nwere ụdị ihe igwe abụọ dị iche iche. Volumetric na centrifugal. Ahụkarị nnukwu fillers bụ mgbọrọgwụ supergenerators na Lysholm Compressor. Rodị mgbọrọgwụ yiri mgbapụta mmanụ.

Njirimara Turbo engine

Ihe dị iche iche nke imewe a bụ na ikuku adịghị ejikọta ya na supercharger, ma n'èzí na pipeline, na-abanye n'ime oghere n'etiti ụlọ na rotors. Isi mwepu bụ oke uru nke uru. N'agbanyeghị otú e si edozi akụkụ ndị na-ejuputa n'ụzọ ziri ezi, mgbe a na-enweta nrụgide ụfọdụ, ikuku na-amalite ịlaghachi azụ, na-ebelata arụmọrụ nke usoro ahụ. Enwere ụzọ dị iche iche isi lụọ ọgụ. Dịkwuo rotor ọsọ ma ọ bụ mee supercharger ugboro abụọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna atọ. Ya mere, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịbawanye ụkpụrụ ikpeazụ na ọkwa a na-anakwere, ma nhazi nke multi-stage adịghị enwe isi uru ha - compactness. Mwepu ọzọ bụ mwepu nke na-enweghị isi, ebe a na-enye ikuku na akụkụ. Nhazi ọgbara ọhụrụ na-eji usoro swivel triangular, na windo ụzọ mbata na ọpụpụ nwere ọdịdị triangular. N'ihi usoro ndị a, nnukwu nnukwu chaja na-ekpochapụ mmetụta na-akpali akpali.

Ntinye engine nke Turbo

Ọsọ rotor dị ala na ya mere ịdịte aka, yana ọkwa mkpọtụ dị ala, arụpụtala ụdị ama ama dịka DaimlerChrysler, Ford na General Motors na-eji mmesapụ aka kwado ngwaahịa ha. Ndị na-ebufe ibugharị na-abawanye ike na nkuku na-agbanweghị ọdịdị ha. Ha adịlarị dị irè na obere ọsọ ọsọ na nke ọkara na nke a kachasị mma na-egosipụta usoro osooso. Naanị nsogbu bụ na usoro ndị dị otú ahụ dị oke mma ịmepụta na ịwụnye, nke pụtara na ha dị oke ọnụ. Ụzọ ọzọ a ga-esi mee ka ikuku dị elu n'otu oge na-abawanye n'ime ebe a na-eri ihe bụ onye injinia Lisholm tụpụtara ya. Nhazi nke ihe nrụnye Lysholm bụ ihe na-echetara ihe egweri anụ. A na-etinye nfuli mkpọsa abụọ ọzọ n'ime ụlọ ahụ. Na-atụgharị n'akụkụ dị iche iche, ha na-ejide akụkụ nke ikuku, mpikota onu ma tinye ya na cylinders.

Turbo engine - n'iji ya gee ntị

A na-ahụ usoro ihe omimi site na mkpakọ na ntakịrị mfu n'ihi nnabata doro anya. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, nrụgide nrụpụta dị irè karịa ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ usoro ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ niile. Jụụ, dị kọmpat, mana dịkwa oke ọnụ n'ihi nrụpụta nrụpụta. Agbanyeghị, ụlọ ọrụ egwu ama ama dịka AMG ma ọ bụ Kleemann leghaara ha anya. Centrifugal fillers yiri ihe a haziri ka turbochargers. Nrụgide gabigara ókè na ihe oriri na -emepụta igwe eji arụ ọrụ. Ya radial pupụtara jide na inupụ ikuku gburugburu ọwara na iji centrifugal ike. Ihe dị iche na turbocharger bụ naanị na draịva. Ndị na-afụ ọkụ na Centrifugal nwere ihe yiri nke ahụ, n'agbanyeghị na ha adịghị ahụkebe, nkwarụ na-adịghị mma. Mana enwere otu ihe dị mkpa karị. N'ezie, nrụgide a na-eme bụ nke dabara na ọsọ ọsọ nke wiil compressor.

Igwe Turbo

N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị mfe, ọ ga-agbagharị ngwa ngwa iji gbanye ụgwọ achọrọ nke ikuku n'ime cylinders. Mgbe ụfọdụ, okpukpu iri nke injin ahụ na-agba ọsọ. Oru oma centrifugal ofufe na nnukwu gbapụrụ ọsọ. Mechanical centrifuges anaghị arụ ọrụ ọfụma ma na-adịgide adịgide karịa gas centrifuges. N'ihi na ha na-arụ ọrụ na oke okpomọkụ. Ihe dị mfe na, ya mere, ọnụ ala nke atụmatụ ha enwetawo ewu ewu n'ọgbụgba olu onye na-amu amu. Injin na-ekpuchi. Igwe igwe na-achịkwa njikwa dị mfe. Na oke ibu, mkpuchi uzo na-emechi emechi ma kpagbuo. Ogologo ikuku niile na-aga na injin. N'oge ọrụ-ibu ọrụ, urukurubụba valvụ emechi na ọkpọkọ damper ga-emepe. A na-eweghachi ikuku ikuku na ikuku mmiri. Onye na-ekpuchi ikuku nke ikuku na-ekpuchi ikuku bụ ihe dị oke mkpa maka ọ bụghị naanị igwe, kamakwa usoro ịgbakwunye gas.

Ọrụ engine nke turbocharged

The abịakọrọ ikuku na-tupu-mma na intercooler tupu nri n'ime engine cylinders. Site na nhazi ya, nke a bụ igwe radial, nke a na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ site na nrịgo nke ikuku oriri ma ọ bụ site na onye na-agba oyi. Wedata okpomọkụ nke ikuku ebubo site na 10 degrees na-eme ka o kwe omume iwelie njupụta ya site na ihe dịka 3%. Nke a, n’aka nke ya, na-enye ohere ka etinyere ike njin jiri ihe dịka penti mụbaa. Igwe turbocharger. A na-ejikarị turbochargers eme ihe na injin ụgbọala nke oge a. N'ezie, nke a bụ otu compressor centrifugal, mana ya na usoro elekere dị iche. Nke a bụ ihe kachasị mkpa, ikekwe isi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nnukwu igwe na turbocharging. Ọ bụ draịvụ na-ekpebi ụdị njirimara na ngwa nke atụmatụ dị iche iche.

Uru Turbo engine

Maka turbocharger, impeller dị n'otu osisi dị ka impeller, tobaim. Nke na-wuru n'ime engine iyuzucha manifold na-chụpụrụ site iyuzucha gas. Ọsọ nwere ike ịkarị 200 rpm. Enweghi njikọ ọ bụla na crankshaft engine na ikuku ikuku na-achịkwa nrụgide ikpochapu ọkụ. Uru nke turbocharger gụnyere. Kwalite arụmọrụ engine na akụnụba. Igwe na-ebu igwe na-enweta ike site na injin ahụ, otu ihe ahụ na-eji ike sitere na ikpochapu, ya mere arụmọrụ ahụ na-abawanye. Emegharịla engine akọwapụtara na arụmọrụ ya dum. Dị ka o kwesịrị ịdị, ọrụ nke engine nke ike ya mụbara n'ihi ojiji nke turbocharger chọrọ mmanụ ọkụ karịa engine yiri ya nke nwere ikike dị ala na onye nwere ihe okike.

Ike engine nke Turbo

N'ezie, juputara na cylinders na ikuku ka mma, ka anyị chetara, iji gbaa mmanụ ọkụ n'ime ha. Ma mkpokọta mmanụ nke mmanụ kwa otu ike kwa awa maka engine nke nwere mmanụ mmanụ na-adịkarị ala karịa nke atụmatụ yiri nke igwe dị ike na-enweghị mmụba. Turbocharger na - enye gị ohere imeta njirimara akọwapụtara nke ngwa ọrụ nwere obere na ibu. Karịa ihe banyere iji igwe eji achọ ihe. Na mgbakwunye, igwe turbo nwere arụmọrụ kacha mma gburugburu ebe obibi. Nrụgide dị n'ime ụlọ combus na-eduga na mbelata nke okpomọkụ ma, n'ihi nke a, iji belata mbelata nke nitrogen oxides. Mgbe ị na-agbanye mmanụ ụgbọ ala mmanụ ọkụ, a na-enweta mmanụ ọkụ zuru oke karị, ọkachasị na ọnọdụ na-adịghị agafe agafe. Na injin diesel, ntinye ikuku ọzọ na-enye gị ohere ịkwanye ókè nke ọdịdị anwụrụ ọkụ, yabụ agha emission nke soot ahụ.

Dizel turbo engine

Diesels dị mma maka ịkwalite n'ozuzu ya na turbocharging akpan akpan. N'adịghị ka mmanụ ụgbọala, ebe nsogbu mgbali na-ejedebe site n'ihe egwu nke ịkụ aka, ha amaghị ihe a. Enwere ike ịbịnye injin diesel ruo na nrụgide dị egwu nke oke ya. Ke adianade do, enweghi nke oriri air trotul na elu mkpakọ ruru na-enye elu iyuzucha gas nsogbu na ala okpomọkụ tụnyere mmanụ ụgbọala engines. Turbochargers dị mfe ịmepụta, nke na-akwụ ụgwọ na ọtụtụ ọghọm pụta ụwa. Na obere engine gbapụrụ ọsọ, ọnụego gas na-ekpochapu dị ala, ya mere arụmọrụ Compressor dị ala. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, igwe eletrik na-enwekarị ihe a na-akpọ Turboyama.

Efere ígwè turbo rotor

Isi ihe isi ike bụ oke okpomọkụ nke ikuku ikuku. Igwe igwe na-eji igwe seramiiki rotor dị ihe dịka 20% dị ọkụ karịa nke emere site na alloys na-eguzogide okpomọkụ. Ma ọ nwekwara obere oge nke inertia. Ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ndụ nke ngwaọrụ ahụ dum bụ nanị ndụ ogige. Ha bụ n'ezie osisi crankshaft nke e ji mmanụ afịkpọ mee mmanụ. Uwe nke bearings ndị dị otú ahụ bụ, n'ezie, dị ukwuu, ma ọnyà dị iche iche enweghị ike iguzogide oke ọsọ na oke okpomọkụ. Achọpụtara ihe ngwọta mgbe enwere ike ịmepụta bearings na bọọlụ seramiiki. Ojiji nke ceramik, Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya, bearings na-ejupụta na ntinye mmanụ mgbe niile. Ịwepụ adịghị ike nke turbocharger na-enye ohere ọ bụghị nanị iji belata inertia nke rotor. Ma na-eji ndị ọzọ, mgbe ụfọdụ, nnọọ mgbagwoju agbam ume mgbali akara sekit.

Olee otu igwe turbo si aru oru

Ọrụ ndị bụ isi na nke a bụ iji belata nrụgide na ọsọ ọsọ dị elu ma bulie ya na ndị dị ala. Enwere ike idozi nsogbu niile na turometine geometry na-agbanwe agbanwe, turbine nozulu na-agbanwe agbanwe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na iji pupụtara na-agagharị, enwere ike ịgbanwe mpaghara ya karịa ọtụtụ. Ofkpụrụ nke ọrụ nke VNT turbocharger bụ iji bulie ikuku nke ikpochapu ikuku na-eduga na wiilị igwe. Na obere injin ọsọ na obere iyuzucha ọkụ, VNT turbocharger na-eduzi ngwụsị zuru ezu na wiilị turbine. N'ihi ya, na-abawanye ike ya na nrụgide na-arịwanye elu. Na nnukwu ọsọ na gas dị elu, VNT turbocharger na-eme ka mkpịsị na-akpụ akpụ mepee. Bawanye mpaghara obe na ịgbanye ụfọdụ ikuku gas site na impeller.

Nchedo engine Turbo

Nchebe gabigara ókè na mgbali nrụgide na ọkwa engine dị mkpa, kpochapụ mkpochapu. Na mgbakwunye na sistemụ mmụba nke otu, mmụba nke abụọ bụ ihe nkịtị. Agba nke mbụ, nke na-eme ka compressor ahụ rụọ ọrụ, na-enye ezigbo arụmọrụ na ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ ọsọ. Na nke abụọ, turbocharger, na-eji ike nke ikuku ọkụ. Ozugbo ngwa ike rutere ọsọ zuru oke maka ọrụ nke turbine ahụ, compressor na-akpaghị aka, ma ọ bụrụ na ha daa, ọ ga-amalite ọzọ. Ọtụtụ ndị nrụpụta na-etinye turbochargers abụọ na injin ha otu oge. A na-akpọ usoro ndị a biturbo ma ọ bụ twin-turbo. Enweghị ọdịiche bụ isi n'etiti ha, ewepu otu. Biturbo na-ewere ojiji nke turbines nke dayameta dị iche iche, ya mere arụmọrụ ahụ. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, algorithm maka nsonye ha nwere ike ịbụ ihe yiri ya ma ọ bụ n'usoro.

Ajụjụ & Azịza:

Kedu ihe bụ turbocharging maka? Ọganihu ikuku ọhụrụ dị na cylinder na-eme ka mma ọkụ nke ngwakọta ikuku-mmanụ na-abawanye, nke na-abawanye ike engine.

Kedu ihe injin turbocharged pụtara? N'ime nhazi nke otu ike dị otú ahụ, e nwere usoro nke na-enye nkwalite ikuku ọhụrụ n'ime cylinders. Maka nke a, a na-eji turbocharger ma ọ bụ turbine.

Kedu ka turbocharging si arụ ọrụ n'ụgbọ ala? Igwe ikuku na-ekpochapụ na-atụgharị ihe na-eme turbine. N'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke ogwe ahụ, a na-enwe nrụgide nrụgide arụnyere na ntinye ihe oriri.