Wankel engine - ngwaọrụ na ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ nke RPD ụgbọ ala

N’akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụlọ ọrụ akụrụngwa, enwere ọtụtụ ngwọta dị elu, atụmatụ nke ihe ndị mejupụtara na nke mgbakọ agbanweela. Ihe karịrị afọ 30 gara aga, mgbalị ndị siri ike malitere ịtụgharị injin piston ahụ n'akụkụ, na-enye ohere na engine piston Wankel rotary. Agbanyeghị, n'ihi ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, motọ rotary anataghị ikike ha ịdị ndụ. Gụọ banyere ihe a niile n'okpuru.

Olee otú o si arụ ọrụ

Onye na-emegharị ahụ nwere ọdịdị akụkụ atọ, n’akụkụ ọ bụla ya nwere kọntaktị convex nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka piston. Akụkụ ọ bụla nke rotor nwere ezumike pụrụ iche nke na-enyekwu ohere maka ngwakọta mmanụ-ikuku, si otú ahụ na-eme ka engine na-agba ọsọ ọsọ. A na-eji obere akara aka dị n'elu ọnụ ya nke na-eme ka ogbugbu nke ọ bụla daa. N’akụkụ abụọ a na-etinye rotor na mgbaaka akara nke na-etolite mgbidi nke ụlọ ndị ahụ. Ejiri ezé dị n'etiti rotor nwere ezé, site na enyemaka nke usoro ahụ na-agbagharị.

Ofkpụrụ nke ọrụ nke Wankel engine dị iche na nke oge gboo, mana ha jikọtara site na otu usoro nke mejupụtara 4 strok (oriri-mkpakọ-arụ ọrụ strok-iyuzucha). Mmanụ ahụ na-abanye n'ime ụlọ mbụ e guzobere, compresses na nke abụọ, mgbe ahụ, rotor na-agbagharị na ngwakọta agwakọta ya site na plọg ọkụ, mgbe ngwakọta na-arụ ọrụ na-atụgharị rotor ma na-apụ na ọtụtụ iyuzucha. Isi ụkpụrụ dị iche iche bụ na na moto piston na-agbanwe agbanwe, ime ụlọ ọrụ anaghị agbanwe agbanwe, mana ọ na-etolite site na ngagharị nke rotor.

Ngwaọrụ

Tupu ịghọta ngwaọrụ, ị kwesịrị ịmata ihe ndị bụ isi nke a Rotary pistin moto. Igwe Wankel nwere:

• ụlọ stator;
• rotor;
• otu set nke ngwa ngwa;
• eccentric shaft;
• icheku ọkụ (ịgbanye na mgbe mbido).

Igwe na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ ihe dị n'ime ụlọ. N'ime igwe a, ihe niile 4 na-arụ ọrụ zuru oke, agbanyeghị, maka akụkụ nke ọ bụla, enwere ụlọ nke ya, nke rotor guzobere site na ịgbagharị. 

Mgbe agbanyere ọkụ ahụ, onye na-ebido mbido na-agbanye wiwi na injin ya amalite. Na-agbagharị, onye rotor ahụ, site na okpueze gia, na-ebufe torque na eriri eccentric (maka engine piston, nke a bụ camshaft). 

Nsonaazụ nke ọrụ nke Wankel engine kwesịrị ịbụ nhazi nke nrụgide nke ngwakọta na-arụ ọrụ, na-amanye mmegharị ntụgharị nke rotor ka ọ na-emegharị ugboro ugboro, na-ebufe torque na nnyefe. 

N'ime moto a, cylinders, pistons, crankshaft with ads rods dochie ụlọ stator niile na rotor. N'ihi nke a, olu nke engine na-ebelatawo budata, ebe ike bụ ọtụtụ ugboro elu karịa nke a kpochapụwo moto na a crank usoro, na otu olu. Nke a haziri nwere nnukwu gearbox nwekwara n'ihi obere esemokwu ọnwụ.

Site n'ụzọ, ọsọ ọsọ injin nwere ike karịa 7000 rpm, ebe Mazda Wankel engines (maka egwuregwu) nwere mgbanwe karịrị 10000 rpm. 

Design

Otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi uru nke a unit bụ ya compactness na Mkpa ọkụ arọ tụnyere kpochapụwo engines nke hà nhata. Nhazi ahụ na-enye gị ohere ibelata etiti ike ndọda nke ukwuu, nke a na-emetụta nkwụsi ike na ịdị nkọ nke njikwa. Obere ụgbọ elu, ụgbọ ala egwuregwu na ụgbọ ala moto ejirila ma ka na-eji uru a. 

История

Akụkọ banyere mmalite na mgbasa nke igwe Wankel ga - enyere gị aka ịmatakwu ihe kpatara ya ji bụrụ igwe kachasị mma n'oge ya, yana ihe kpatara eji gbahapụ ya taa.

Oge mbu

N'afọ 1951, ụlọ ọrụ German NSU Motorenwerke mepụtara engines abụọ: nke mbụ - site na Felix Wankel, n'okpuru aha DKM, na nke abụọ - Hans Paschke's KKM (dabere na mmepe nke Wankel). 

Ndabere nke ọrụ nke Wankel unit bụ ntụgharị dị iche nke ahụ na rotor, n'ihi nke a na-arụ ọrụ mgbanwe ruru 17000 kwa nkeji. Ihe na-adabaghị ya bụ na enwesala engine ya iji dochie oghere ndị na-acha ọkụ ọkụ. Ma KKM engine nwere ofu ahu ya imewe nnọọ mfe karịa prototype isi.

Ndi enyere ikike

Na 1960, NSU Motorenwerke bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke America bụ Curtiss-Wright Corporation. Nkwekọrịta ahụ bụ maka ndị injinia German lekwasịrị anya na mmepe nke obere piston rotary maka ụgbọ ala ọkụ, ebe American Curtis-Wright nọ na mmepe nke injin ụgbọ elu. Enwetara onye ọrụ injinia German bụ Max Bentele ka onye mmebe. 

Imirikiti ndị na -emepụta ụgbọ ala ụwa, gụnyere Citroen, Porsche, Ford, Nissan, GM, Mazda na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Na 1959, ụlọ ọrụ America wepụtara ụdị Wankel engine ka ọ dị mma, na otu afọ ka e mesịrị, British Rolls Royce gosipụtara injin piston rotary ya nke nwere ọkwa abụọ.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụfọdụ ndị na-anya ụgbọ ala Europe malitere ịnwa ịkwadebe ụgbọ ala na injin ọhụrụ, mana ọ bụghị ha niile chọtara ngwa ha: GM jụrụ, Citroen ka edoziri maka imepụta injin nwere ihe mgbochi maka ụgbọ elu, Mercedes-Benz arụnyere injin piston rotary. na nnwale C 111 nlereanya. 

Na 1961, na Soviet Union, NAMI, yana ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ndị ọzọ, malitere mmepe nke Wankel engine. Emere ọtụtụ nhọrọ, otu n'ime ha chọtara ngwa ya na ụgbọ ala VAZ-2105 maka KGB. A maghị ọnụ ọgụgụ igwe eji arụ ọrụ, mana ọ gafere iri na abuo. 

Site n'ụzọ, ọtụtụ afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ọ bụ naanị ụgbọ ala ụlọ ọrụ Mazda hụrụ n'ezie a ojiji maka rotary piston engine. Ihe atụ pụtara ìhè nke a bụ ụdị RX-8.

Mmepụta ọgba tum tum

Na Britain, onye na-emepụta ọgbatumtum Norton Motorcycles ewepụtala Sachs ikuku na-eme ka igwe piston na-atụgharị ikuku maka ụgbọ ala. Nwere ike ịmụtakwu banyere mmepe site n'ịgụ banyere ọgba tum tum Hercules W-2000.

Suzuki anọghị n'akụkụ, wepụtakwara ọgba tum tum nke ya. Agbanyeghị, ndị injinia ji nlezianya rụpụta nhazi nke moto ahụ, jiri ferroalloy, nke mere ka ntụkwasị obi ya na ndụ ọrụ nke otu ahụ bawanye nke ukwuu.

Mmepe maka ụgbọ ala

Mgbe ha bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta nyocha n'etiti Mazda na NSU, ụlọ ọrụ ndị ahụ malitere ịsọ mpi maka imepụta ụgbọ ala mbụ nwere ngalaba Wankel. N'ihi nke a, na 1964, NSU wepụtara ụgbọ ala mbụ ya, NSU Spider, na nzaghachi, Mazda gosipụtara ihe atụ nke injin 2 na 4-rotor. Mgbe afọ 3 gachara, NSU Motorenwerke wepụtara ụdị Ro 80, mana ọ nwetara ọtụtụ nyocha na -adịghị mma n'ihi ọtụtụ ọdịda megide ndabere nke atụmatụ na -ezughị oke. Edozighị nsogbu a ruo 1972 na ụlọ ọrụ mgbe afọ 7 gachara Audi, na injin Wankel adịlarị ama ama.

Onye nrụpụta ndị Japan bụ Mazda kwupụtara na ndị injinia ha edozila nsogbu nke ịrachi elu (maka mmachi n'etiti ụlọ ahụ), ha malitere iji motọ ọ bụghị naanị na ụgbọ ala egwuregwu, kamakwa na ụgbọ ala azụmahịa. Site n'ụzọ, ndị nwe ụgbọ ala Mazda nwere injin na-agbanwe agbanwe kwuru nzaghachi ntụgharị dị elu na ngbanwe nke injin ahụ.

Mazda mechara hapụ ntinye nke igwe dị elu, wụnye ya na ụdị RX-7 na RX-8. Maka RX-8, e mepụtara engine Renesis, nke ka mma n'ọtụtụ ụzọ, ya bụ:

• ebe a na-ekpochapu ikuku na-ekpochapu iji meziwanye ụda, nke mere ka ike dịkwuo elu;
• gbakwunyere ụfọdụ seramiiki iji gbochie mmekpa ahụ ọkụ;
• ọma chere echiche nke ọma electronic engine management usoro;
• ọnụnọ nke plọg abụọ (isi na forburner);
• na-agbakwunye jaket mmiri iji kpochapụ carbon na-apụta.

N’ihi nke a, enwetara igwe kọmpụta nke nwere lita 1.3 na ike ya dị ihe dị ka 231 hp.

Uru

Isi uru nke engine nke rotary pistin:

1. Ọ dị ala na akụkụ ya, nke na-emetụta ihe ndabere nke imepụta ụgbọ ala. Ihe a dị mkpa mgbe ị na-eke ụgbọ ala egwuregwu nwere etiti dị elu nke ike ndọda.
2. Obere nkọwa. Nke a abughi naanị inye gị ohere belata ọnụahịa nke ijigide moto ahụ, kamakwa iji belata ọnwụ ike maka mmegharị ma ọ bụ ntụgharị nke akụkụ ndị metụtara ya. Ihe a na - emetụta arụmọrụ dị elu.
3. Site na otu olu dị ka engine piston a ma ama, ike nke engine piston rotary bụ 2-3 ugboro elu.
4. Njikere na ekwedo nke ọrụ, enweghị mkpọtụ a na-ahụ anya n'ihi eziokwu ahụ na enweghị mmeghari mmeghari nke ngalaba ndị bụ isi.
5. Enwere ike iji mmanu octane di elu meji engine ya.
6. Ogologo ọsọ ọsọ na-arụ ọrụ na-enye ohere iji nnyefe na ngwa ngwa dị mkpirikpi, nke dị oke mma maka ọnọdụ obodo.
7. A na-enye "shelf" nke torque ahụ ⅔ nke okirikiri, ọ bụghị maka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ, dị ka na Otto engine.
8. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara imetọ mmanụ injin ahụ, oge ọgbụgba dị ọtụtụ ugboro karịa. N'ebe a, mmanụ adịghị n'okpuru nsị, dị ka moto piston, usoro a na-eme site na mgbaaka.
9. Enweghị mgbawa.

Site n'ụzọ, egosila na ọbụlagodi na injin a dị nso na akụ, na-eri nnukwu mmanụ, na-arụ ọrụ na mkpakọ dị ala, ike ya ga-ebelata ntakịrị. Ọ bụ uru a mere ka m nye m ngo nke itinye ihe piston na-agbanwe agbanwe n'ụgbọelu.

Tinyere nnukwu uru, enwerekwa ọghọm ndị gbochiri engine piston rotary dị elu iru ọha mmadụ.

 -adịghị emezi emezi

1. Usoro combustion adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, n'ihi na mmanụ ọkụ na-abawanye na ụkpụrụ nsị na-akawanye njọ. A na - edozi nsogbu ahụ n'ụzọ ụfọdụ site na ọnụnọ nke ọkụ ọkụ nke abụọ nke na - ere ọkụ na - arụ ọrụ.
2. Nri mmanu di elu. Ihe ọghọm a bụ n'ihi na a na-ete mmanụ Wankel oke mmanụ, yana n'ebe ụfọdụ, oge ụfọdụ, mmanụ nwere ike ịmịcha. Enwere mmanụ dị ukwuu na mpaghara ọkụ ọkụ na-akpata nkwụsị carbon. Ha gbalịrị idozi nsogbu a site na ịwụnye ọkpọkọ "okpomọkụ" nke na-eme ka nnyefe ọkụ dịkwuo mma na nha anya na mmanụ mmanụ dị na injin ya niile.
3. Ihe isi ike na ndozi. Ọ bụghị ndị ọkachamara niile dị njikere iji aka ọrụ dozie nrụzi nke Wankel engine. Structurally unit abụghị ihe mgbagwoju anya karịa a kpochapụwo moto, ma e nwere ọtụtụ nuances, emeghị nke ga-eduga n'oge ọdịda nke engine. Na nke a anyị na-agbakwunye ụgwọ dị elu nke ndozi.
4. Obere ihe. Maka ndị nwe Mazda RX-8, ihe agbara nke 80 kilomita pụtara na oge eruola ịme nnukwu mmezi. O di nwute, a ghaghi ugwo ugwo na oke oru a site na ndozi di oke onu ma di mgbagwoju kwa 000-80 puku kilomita.

Ajụjụ & Azịza:

Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti injin rotary na igwe piston? Enweghị pistons n'ime moto rotary, nke pụtara na a naghị eji mmegharị mmegharị ahụ na-atụgharị n'ime oghere injin combustion - rotor na-atụgharị na ya ozugbo.

Kedu ihe bụ injin rotary n'ime ụgbọ ala? Nke a bụ ihe na-ekpo ọkụ (ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ihi ọkụ nke ngwakọta ikuku-ọkụ), naanị ọ na-eji rotor na-atụgharị, nke a na-edozi osisi ahụ, nke na-aga na gearbox.

Gịnị kpatara injin rotary ji dị njọ? Isi mwepu nke moto rotary bụ obere ihe na-arụ ọrụ n'ihi ngwa ngwa na-eyi mkpuchi n'etiti ọnụ ụlọ combustion nke unit ahụ (akụkụ na-arụ ọrụ na-agbanwe mgbe niile na okpomọkụ na-adaba).