Electrochemical na-agba ịnyịnya - zinc "adịghị arụ ọrụ".
A na-ewere Zinc dị ka ígwè na-arụ ọrụ. Ọkọlọtọ na-adịghị mma na-egosi na ọ ga-emeghachi omume ike na acid, na-ewepụ hydrogen na ha. Na mgbakwunye, dị ka igwe amphoteric, ọ na-emeghachi omume na ntọala iji mepụta nnu mgbagwoju anya kwekọrọ. Otú ọ dị, zinc dị ọcha na-eguzogide acids na alkalis. Ihe kpatara ya bụ nnukwu ike evolushọn hydrogen n'elu igwe a. Zinc adịghị ọcha na-akwalite nguzobe nke microcells galvanic na, n'ihi ya, mgbasa ha.
Maka ule mbụ ị ga-achọ: hydrochloric acid HCl, efere zinc na waya ọla kọpa (foto 1). Anyị na-etinye efere ahụ na efere Petri nke jupụtara na dilute hydrochloric acid (foto 2), ma tinye waya ọla kọpa na ya (foto 3), nke doro anya na HCl adịghị emetụta ya. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, a na-ewepụta hydrogen nke ukwuu n'elu ọla kọpa (foto 4 na 5), ọ bụ naanị obere ikuku gas ka a na-ahụ na zinc. Ihe kpatara ya bụ n'elu nke a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu nke evolushọn hydrogen na zinc, nke dị ukwuu karịa na ọla kọpa. Ngwakọta ọla ndị a na-ejikọta na-eru otu ikike ahụ gbasara ngwọta acid, ma hydrogen na-adị mfe ikewapụ na metal na obere overvoltage - ọla kọpa. N'ime cell galvanic kpụrụ akpụ nke nwere electrodes Zn Cu dị mkpụmkpụ, anode bụ zinc:
(-) Ihe achọrọ: Zn0 → zinc2+ + 2e-
na hydrogen na-ebelata na ọla kọpa cathode:
(+) Katoda: 2h+ + 2e- → N2
Na-agbakwunye nha abụọ nke usoro electrode n'akụkụ, anyị na-enweta ndekọ nke mmeghachi omume nke igbari zinc na acid:
Zinc + 2N+ → zinc2+ + H2
Na ule na-esote anyị ga-eji ngwọta sodium hydroxide, efere zinc na ntu ígwè (Foto 6). Dị ka ọ dị na nnwale gara aga, a na-etinye efere zinc na ngwọta NaOH dilute na efere Petri ma tinye ntu na ya (ígwè abụghị ígwè amphoteric ma ọ dịghị emeghachi omume na alkalis). Mmetụta nke nnwale ahụ yiri nke ahụ - a na-ahapụ hydrogen n'elu ntu ahụ, a na-ekpuchikwa efere zinc na nanị obere ikuku gas (foto 7 na 8). Ihe kpatara omume a nke usoro Zn-Fe bụkwa oke ike nke evolushọn hydrogen na zinc, nke dị ukwuu karịa na ígwè. Ọzọkwa na nnwale a anode bụ zinc:
(-) Ihe achọrọ: Zn0 → zinc2+ + 2e-
na mmiri na-ebelata na ígwè cathode:
(+) Katoda: 2h2O + 2e- → N2+ 2 NA-
Na-agbakwunye nha abụọ ahụ n'akụkụ ma na-eburu n'uche gburugburu alkaline nke mmeghachi omume ahụ, anyị na-enweta ndekọ nke usoro mgbasa ozi zinc n'ụkpụrụ (tetrahydroxyincide anions na-emepụta):
Zinc + 2ON- + 2 awa2O → [Zn (OH)4]2- + H2
