Emanuel Lasker - onye mmeri chess ụwa nke abụọ

Emanuel Lasker bụ onye ọkpụkpọ chess German nke sitere na onye Juu, ọkà ihe ọmụma na onye mgbakọ na mwepụ, mana ụwa na-echeta ya n'ụzọ bụ isi dị ka onye egwuregwu chess. Ọ meriri aha chess ụwa mgbe ọ dị afọ 25 site na imeri Wilhelm Steinitz wee debe ya maka afọ 27 na-esote, nke kachasị ogologo na akụkọ ntolite. Ọ bụ onye na-akwado ụlọ akwụkwọ ezi uche nke Steinitz, nke, Otú ọ dị, o mere ka nkà ihe ọmụma ya na ihe omume uche mee ka ọ baa ọgaranya. Ọ bụ ọkaibe n'ịgbachitere na mgbagha, mara ezigbo mma na njedebe chess.

1. Emanuel Lasker, isi mmalite:

Emanuel Lasker a mụrụ na Christmas Eve 1868 na Berlinchen (ugbu a Barlinek na West Pomeranian Voivodeship) na ezinụlọ nke cantor nke obodo synagogue. Ọchịchọ maka chess bụ nke nwanne ya nwoke nke tọrọ Berthold kụnyere n'ime nna ukwu n'ọdịnihu. Site na nwata, Emanuel tụrụ n'anya na amamihe ya, ikike mgbakọ na mwepụ na ikike zuru oke na chess. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Gorzow na 1888 malitere ịmụ mgbakọ na mwepụ na nkà ihe ọmụma na Berlin. Otú ọ dị, mmasị o nwere maka chess dị mkpa karị, nke ahụ bụkwa ihe o lekwasịrị anya mgbe ọ kwụsịrị (1).

1894 World Chess Championship egwuregwu

Dakọtara megide onye na-agbachitere aha dị afọ 58 Onye America Wilhelm Steinitz Emanuel Lasker dị afọ 25 rụrụ n'obodo atọ (New York, Philadelphia na Montreal) site na Machị 15 ruo Mee 26, 1894. Iwu egwuregwu ahụ chere na egwuregwu ruru egwuregwu iri meriri, na etinyeghị eserese n'ihi ya. Emanuel Lasker meriri 10:10(5).

2. Emanuel Lasker (n'aka nri) na Wilhelm Steinitz na egwuregwu maka aha ụwa na 1894, isi mmalite:

Mmeri na ebube atụgharịghị Emanuel isi. Na 1899 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum Heidelberg, afọ atọ ka e mesịrị na Erlangen nwetara Ph.D.

Na 1900-1912 ọ nọrọ na England na USA. N'oge ahụ, o tinyere onwe ya n'ọrụ sayensị na mgbakọ na mwepụ na nkà ihe ọmụma, na ọrụ chess ọ na-arụ ọrụ, karịsịa, na-edezi Lasker Chess Journal na 1904-1907 (3, 4). Na 1911 ọ lụrụ onye edemede Martha Kohn na Berlin.

3. Emanuel Lasker, isi mmalite:

4. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Chess Lasker, mkpuchi, Nọvemba 1906, isi mmalite:

Ihe kacha arụ ọrụ Lasker na egwuregwu bara uru gụnyere mmeri na asọmpi ndị isi na London (1899), St. Petersburg (1896 na 1914), na New York (1924).

Na 1912 n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1914, ma a kagburu egwuregwu ahụ mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ dara.

Na 1921, ọ meriri aha ụwa megide Capablanca. Otu afọ gara aga, Lasker amatala onye iro ya dị ka onye na-egwu chess kacha mma n'ụwa, ma Capablanca chọrọ imeri Lasker na egwuregwu gọọmenti.

1921 World Chess Championship egwuregwu

Maachị 15 - Eprel 28, 1921 na Havana Lasker mere egwuregwu maka aha Onye mmeri ụwa na onye Cuba chess Jose Raul Capablanca. Nke a bụ egwuregwu mbụ mgbe akwụsịchara afọ 11 nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ (5) kpatara. Edebere egwuregwu a maka egwuregwu iri abụọ na anọ. Onye mmeri ga-abụ onye ọkpụkpọ nke mbụ nwetara mmeri 24, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nweghị onye ga-emeri, onye ọkpụkpọ nwere akara kachasị. Na mbụ egwuregwu ahụ gara nke ọma, mana ka oge okpomọkụ Cuban malitere, ahụike Lasker dara. Na akara 6: 5 (9: 0 na-agụnyeghị eserese), Lasker jụrụ ịga n'ihu na egwuregwu ahụ wee laghachi Europe.

5. Jose Raul Capablanca (n'aka ekpe) - Emanuel Lasker na egwuregwu maka aha ụwa na 1921, isi iyi: 

6. Emanuel Lasker, isi iyi: National Library of Israel, Shwadron collection.

A maara Lasker maka usoro egwuregwu uche ya (6). Ọ ṅara nnọọ ntị, ọ bụghị nanị ọzọ aga mgbaghakedu ihe nghota nke uche nke onye iro na nhọrọ nke usoro kachasị erughị ala maka ya, na-enye aka na ntinye nke mmejọ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ na-ahọrọ usoro mmegharị ndị na-esighị ike, nke, agbanyeghị, kwesịrị ịmasị onye mmegide ahụ. Na egwuregwu a ma ama megide Capablanca (St. Petersburg, 1914), Lasker chọsiri ike imeri, ma iji mee ka onye iro ya nọrọ na nche, ọ họọrọ mgbanwe mmeghe, nke a na-ewere dị ka ihe osise. N'ihi ya, Capablanca na-egwuri egwu na-atụghị anya ya ma tụfuo.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1927 Lasker bụ enyi Albert Einsteinonye bi nso na mpaghara Schöneberg nke Berlin. Na 1928, Einstein, na-ekele Lasker na ụbọchị ọmụmụ 60th ya, kpọrọ ya "nwoke nke Renaissance." Ntụle sitere na mkparịta ụka dị n'etiti ọkà mmụta sayensị na-egbuke egbuke na onye kasị mma chess n'ụwa nwere ike ịhụ na mmalite nke akụkọ ndụ Emanuel Lasker, bụ nke Albert Einstein na-arụrịta ụka na echiche enyi ya banyere ọsọ nke ìhè na-adabere na ozizi nke relativity. Enwere m ekele maka nwoke a na-adịghị agwụ agwụ, onye nweere onwe ya na obi umeala maka mkparịta ụka bara ụba nke o nyere m," ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere ọmarịcha dere n'okwu mmalite nke akụkọ ndụ Lasker.

Ihe ngosi (7) "Albert Einstein na-ezute Emanuel Lasker" nke Oliver Schopf gosipụtara na nnukwu ihe ngosi nke e nyere maka ndụ na ọrụ chess nke Emanuel Lasker na Berlin-Kreuzberg na October 2005. E bipụtakwala ya na magazin chess German nke Schach.

7. Ihe osise satirical Oliver Schopf "Albert Einstein zutere Emanuel Lasker"

Na 1933 Lasker na nwunye ya Martha ConA manyere ha abụọ bụ́ ndị Juu isi na Jamanị. Ha kwagara England. N'afọ 1935, Lasker nwetara akwụkwọ ịkpọ òkù sitere na Moscow ka ọ bịa na Soviet Union, na-enye ya ohere ịbanye na Moscow Academy of Sciences. Na USSR, Lasker kwụsịrị ịbụ nwa amaala German wee nweta nwa amaala Soviet. N'ihi ụjọ nke so n'ọchịchị Stalin, Lasker hapụrụ Soviet Union na 1937, ya na nwunye ya, gawara New York site na Netherlands. Otú ọ dị, o biri n’ala nna ya nanị afọ ole na ole. Ọ nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa akụrụ na New York na Jenụwarị 11, 1941 mgbe ọ dị afọ 72 n'ụlọ ọgwụ Mount Sinai. E liri Lassen na ebe a na-eli ozu Beth Olom dị na Queens, New York.

A na-akpọ aha ọtụtụ mgbanwe ches dị iche iche dị ka ọdịiche Lasker na Queen's Gambit (1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Bg5 Be7 5.e3 0-0 6.Nf3 h6 7.Bh4 N4 ) na Evans Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 4.b4 G: b4 5.c3 Ga5 6.0-0 d6 7.d4 Bb6). Lasker bụ nwoke nwere ọgụgụ isi, Ph.D. nwere ngalaba mgbakọ na mwepụ, onye ode akwụkwọ edemede sayensị na akwụkwọ, ọkachamara pụtara ìhè na egwuregwu GO, ọmarịcha ọkpọ mmiri na onye na-ede egwuregwu.

8. Ihe ncheta ncheta na Barlinka n'okporo ámá. Khmelna 7 na ebe nchekwa Emanuel Lasker,

isi iyi:

Na Barlinek (8, 9), obodo nke "Eze Chess", International Chess Festival na ebe nchekwa nke D. Emanuel Lasker mere. Enwekwara ụlọ ọgbakọ chess dị na mpaghara "Lasker" Barlinek.

9. dọba ha. Emanuel Lasker na Barlinek.

isi iyi:

mkpụrụedemede Chess

mbụ nnụnụ

Imeghe nnụnụ ahụ dị irè, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị ụkọ, oghere chess nke na-amalite na 1.f4 (eserese 12). White na-achịkwa e5-square, na-enweta ohere ịwakpo na ọnụahịa nke ntakịrị ike ọgwụgwụ nke eze.

Luis Ramirez de Lucena kwuru okwu mmeghe a n'akwụkwọ ya Repetición de amoresy arte de ajedrez, con 150 juegos de partido (Na-emeso ịhụnanya na chess art na otu narị ihe atụ nke egwuregwu), nke e bipụtara na Salamanca (Spain). na 1497 (13). Mpempe asatọ a ma ama nke mbipụta mbụ dịgidere ruo taa.

Onye isi egwuregwu chess Bekee nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, Henry Edward Bird (14), nyochara wee jiri oghere a mee ihe na egwuregwu ya site na 1855 ruo afọ 40. Na 1885, Hereford Times (akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-ebipụta kwa izu na Thursday ọ bụla na Hereford, England) kpọrọ Byrd meghere mmeghe mmeghe 1.f4, na aha a bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Nna ukwu Danish Bent Larsen, onye na-edu chess ụwa nke 60s na 70s, bụkwa onye na-akwado mmeghe Byrd.

13. Peeji si na akwụkwọ chess kacha ochie ebi ebi, mbipụta ya dịgidere ruo taa - Luis Lucena "Repetición de amores y arte de ajedrez, con 150 juegos de partido"

14. Henry Edward Byrd, :ródło: 

Nzaghachi bụ isi na nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na usoro a bụ 1..d5 (eserese 15), ya bụ. egwuregwu ahụ na-etolite dị ka ọ dị na Dutch Defence (1.d4 f5), naanị na agba agba, ma na nke a dị iche iche nke oghere Byrd nke White nwere ihe mgbakwunye oge karịa . Ihe kacha mma White nwere ugbu a bụ 2.Nf3. Onye knight na-achịkwa e5 na d4 ma ghara ikwe ka Black jiri Qh4 nwalee eze. Mgbe ahụ mmadụ nwere ike igwu egwu, dịka ọmụmaatụ, 2… c5 3.e3 Nf6 nwere ọnọdụ nha anya.

15. Isi mgbanwe dị na oghere Byrd: 1.f4 d5

Onye mmeri mba ụwa bụ Timothy Taylor, n'akwụkwọ ya na oghere nke Byrd, kwenyere na isi ihe nchebe bụ 1.f4 d5 2.Nf3 g6 3.e3 Bg7 4.Ge2 Nf6 5.0-0 0-0 6.d3 c5 (16).

16. Timothy Taylor (2005). Imepe nnụnụ: mkpuchi zuru oke nke nhọrọ ndị White's underrated na ike siri ike

Ọ bụrụ na ojii ahọrọ 2.g3, mgbe ahụ nzaghachi Black tụrụ aro bụ 2… h5! na n'ihu, dịka ọmụmaatụ, 3.Nf3 h4 4.S: h4 W: h4 5.g: h4 e5 na mwakpo dị ize ndụ nke Black.

Gambit Froma

17. Martin Severin Frome, źródło:

Gambit Site bụ oghere dị egwu ewebata na mmemme asọmpi ekele maka nyocha nke onye isi chess Danish Martin From (17), onye okike gambit ugwu.

Emebere Frome's Gambit ka emechara 1.f4 e5 ma bụrụ otu n'ime ihe na-aga n'ihu na mmeghe nnụnụ (eserese 18). Ya mere, ọtụtụ ndị na-egwu egwuregwu ozugbo na-egwu 2.e4, na-akwaga na Gambit Eze, ma ọ bụ mgbe ha nabata gambit 2.f: e5 d6, ha na-ahapụ otu mpempe site n'ịkpọ 3.Nf3 d: e5 4.e4.

Na From Gambit, mmadụ ga-echetarịrị ka ọ ghara ịdaba n'ọnyà, dịka ọmụmaatụ, 1.f4 e5 2.f: e5 d6 3.e:d6 G:d6 (eserese 19) 4.Cc3? Ọ na-efunarị ngwa ngwa, dị ka 4.e4? Hh4+5.g3 Gg3+6.h:g3 H:g3+7.Ke2 Gg4+8.Nf3 H:f3+9.Ke1 Hg3 # Best 4.Nf3. 4… Hh4 + 5.g3 G:g3 + 6.h:g3 H:g3 #

19. Site na gambit, ọnọdụ mgbe 3... H: d6

N'ime mgbanwe bụ isi nke Frome's Gambit 1.f4 e5 2.f: e5 d6 3.e:d6 G:d6 4.Nf3, onye mmeri ụwa n'ọdịnihu Emanuel Lasker gbara 4…g5 na egwuregwu Bird-Lasker gbara na Newcastle n'elu Pona. Tyne na 1892. Ụdị a, bụkwa nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe taa, ka a na-akpọ variant Lasker. Ugbu a White nwere ike ịhọrọ, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, atụmatụ egwuregwu abụọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe: 5.g3 g4 6.Sh4 ma ọ bụ 5.d4 g4 6.Ne5 (ọ bụrụ 6.Ng5, mgbe ahụ 6 ... f5 na iyi egwu h6 na imeri . knight).

Emanuel Lasker - Johann Bauer, Amsterdam, 1889

Otu n'ime egwuregwu chess kacha ewu ewu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ n'etiti ha. Emanuel Lasker i Johann Bauer na Amsterdam na 1889. N'egwuregwu a, Lasker chụrụ ndị bishọp ya abụọ n'àjà ka ha bibie ndị pawn na-agbachitere eze onye mmegide.

20. Emanuel Lasker - Johann Bauer, Amsterdam, 1889, ọnọdụ mgbe 13 Ha2 gasịrị.

1.f4 d5 2.e3 Nf6 3.b3 e6 4.Bb2 Ge7 5.Bd3 b6 6.Sc3 Bb7 7.Nf3 Nbd7 8.0-0 0-0 9.Se2 c5 10.Ng3 Qc7 11.Ne5 S: e5 12. G: e5 Qc6 13.Qe2 (eserese 20) 13… a6? Mkpebi ezighi ezi na-enye Lasker ohere ịchụ ndị ozi. Mma bụ 13… g6 na nha nhata. 14.Sh5 Sxh5 15.Hxh7 + Ọcha chụrụ bishọp mbụ. 15…K:h7 16.H:h5 + Kg8 17.G:g7 (e.21) 17…K:g7 Ọjụjụ ịchụ aja nke bishọp nke abụọ na-eduga n’ebe ọlụlụ. Mgbe 17… f5 na-abịa 18th Re5 Rf6 19.Ff3 sochiri 20.Reg3, na mgbe 17… f6 nke 18th ma ọ bụ 6th Re18 meriri. 3.Qg18 + Kh4 7.Rf19 Oji ga-ahapụ eze nwanyị ya ka ọ ghara ileba anya. 3… e19 5.Wh20 + Qh3 6.W: h21 + W: h6 6.Qd22 (eserese 7) Ntugharị a, na-awakpo ma ndị bishọp ojii, na-eduga na ihe Lasker na ọnọdụ ọnọdụ. 22… Bf22 6.H: b23 Kg7 7.Wf24 Wab1 8.Hd25 Wfd7 8.Hg26 + Kf4 8.fe27 Gg5 7.e28 Wb6 7.Hg29 f6 6.W: f30 + G: f6 6.H: f31 6.Hh8 + Ke32 8.Hg7 + K: e33 7.H: b6 Wd34 7.H: a6 d35 6.e: d4 c: d36 4.h4 d37 4.H: d3 (eserese 38) 3-23.

21. Emanuel Lasker - Johann Bauer, Amsterdam, 1889, ọnọdụ mgbe 17.G: g7.

22. Emanuel Lasker - Johann Bauer, Amsterdam, 1889, ọnọdụ mgbe 22Qd7.

23. Emanuel Lasker - Johann Bauer, Amsterdam, 1889, ọnọdụ nke Bauer nyefere.