F-35 maka Poland
Ekele maka LoA, nke ndị Polish malitere na Jenụwarị 31, 2020, na 2030 ndị agha ikuku Polish ga-enwe squadron ise nwere ụgbọ elu ọgụ ọtụtụ ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ America Lockheed Martin rụpụtara.
Na January 31, na Military Aviation Academy na Dęblin, onye ọrụ "mbinye aka" nke nkwekọrịta gọọmentị na ịzụrụ Poland nke 32 Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II multi-role ọgụ ụgbọ elu mere, nke a mara ọkwa ruo oge ụfọdụ. Minista na-ahụ maka nchekwa mba Mariusz Blaszczak. Emere ihe omume ahụ site na ọnụnọ nke, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, Onye isi ala nke Republic of Poland Andrzej Duda, Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki, Minister of Defence Mariusz Blaszczak na Chief of General Staff nke Polish Armed Forces, General Raimund Andrzejczak. Onye nnọchi anya US na Poland Georgette Mosbacher nọkwa ebe ahụ.
Atụlela mkpa ọ dị ịkwalite mmelite na mgbanwe ọgbọ nke akụrụngwa Air Force kemgbe mbinye aka na Eprel 18, 2003 nke nkwekọrịta na-akọwa usoro ịzụrụ 48 Lockheed Martin F-16C/D Block 52+ Jastrząb ụgbọ elu ọtụtụ ọrụ. ụgbọ elu ọgụ. N'ihi enweghị echiche maka ịzụrụ otu ụdị ụgbọ elu na usoro iji nweta ya, yana ihe gbasara ego nke ndị ọchịchị na-emepụta ma kwadoo ya, e yigharịrị mkpebi ịzụta ụgbọ elu ọzọ nke Western mere. Ekpebiri ịnọgide na-enwe ike ịlụ ọgụ nke ụgbọ elu site na ịgbatị ndụ ọrụ nke ụgbọ elu Su-22 na MiG-29. Ndị ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa mba weghaara ya - Air Force Institute of Technology na Warsaw na Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze nr 2 SA na Bydgoszcz. N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, n'ịghọta na ọrụ ndụ nke ụgbọ agha Soviet mere na-apụghị izere ezere na-abịa na njedebe, nyochaghachi maka ịzụrụ ụgbọ elu ọgụ dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ ọhụrụ, na-adabere n'ụzọ doro anya na igwe F-5 nke ise. Otú ọ dị, o yikarịrị, F-35 gaara azụrụ ọtụtụ afọ ka e mesịrị ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị maka "usoro ojii" nke ihe mberede metụtara MiG-35, nke ọkụ malitere na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Malbork na June 29, 11. N'ihi nke a. ihe omume, e bibiri ụgbọ elu anọ ma ọ bụ mebie nke ọma, onye na-anya ụgbọelu nke otu n'ime ha nwụrụ na July 2016, 6 na nso Paslenok.
Na November 23, 2017, Armament Inspectorate nke Ministry of National Defense (ID) bipụtara ọkwa banyere mmalite nke nyocha ahịa na oru ngo "Na-abawanye ikike iji mejuputa ọrụ n'ime usoro nke iwe na nchebe megide ike ikuku nke ndị iro na ọrụ rụrụ iji kwado ala, oké osimiri na ọrụ pụrụ iche - Multi-role Combat Aircraft." na "Inwere ike ịmechi igwe eletrik site na ikuku." Ọ bụ ezie na ha ejighị koodu aha Harpia, bụ nke pụtara na mbụ na usoro ịzụ ahịa maka ụgbọ elu ọhụrụ nke ọtụtụ ọrụ, o doro onye ọ bụla anya na ọkwa nke IU metụtara mmemme a. Ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere mmasị nwere ruo December 18, 2017 ka ha nyefee ngwa ha. N'ihi ya, Saab Defense and Security, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Boeing Company, Leonardo SpA na Fights On Logistics Sp. z oo Ewezuga ụlọ ọrụ ikpeazụ, ụlọ ọrụ ndị fọdụrụ bụ ndị ama ama na-emepụta ndị na-alụ ọgụ dị iche iche, ọkachasị ụdị ọgbọ 4,5. Naanị Lockheed Martin nwere ike ịnye ọgbọ nke ise F-5 Lightning II. Ọ bụ ihe mgbaàmà na ụlọ ọrụ French Dassault Aviation, onye na-emepụta ndị agha Rafale, anọghị n'òtù a. Otu n'ime ihe kpatara nke a absenteeism bụ jụrụ oyi nke agha-teknuzu imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti Warsaw na Paris, kpatara, karịsịa, site na ịkagbu site Ministry of National Defense na 35 nke zuo nke multi-nzube Airbus H2016M Caracal helikopta. Ma ọ bụ naanị Dassault Aviation tụlere nke ọma na nro nwere ike ịbụ naanị usoro facade.
Ọnụnọ nke ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Poland kachasị mkpa na Dęblin gosipụtara mkpa ememe ahụ na January 31 na mkpa nke ịzụrụ F-35A maka Air Force. Foto ya na Georgette Mosbacher na Mariusz Blaszczak bụ Onye isi ala Poland Andrzej Duda na Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki.
Atụmatụ teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ndị agha Polish 28-2019 (PMT 2017-2026), ewepụtara na February 2017, 2026, depụtara nnweta nke ụgbọ elu ọgụ dị iche iche 32, nke a na-akpọ, n'etiti ihe ndị kacha mkpa. Ọgbọ nke ise, nke F-5C/D Jastrząb na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a ga-akwado. Nhazi ọhụrụ ahụ aghaghị: nwee ike ịrụ ọrụ na gburugburu ebe nchekwa ikuku nwere ọgaranya, kwekọọ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na ụgbọ elu ndị jikọrọ aka, ma nwee ike ịnyefe data natara ozugbo. Ihe ndekọ ndị dị otú ahụ gosipụtara n'ụzọ doro anya na F-16A, nke a kwalitere dị ka naanị ụgbọ ala nke ise dị ugbu a na West, nwere ike zụta naanị site na usoro ire ahịa ndị agha mba ofesi nke United States. Ekwenyere echiche ndị a na Machị 35 site n'aka Onye isi ala Duda, onye na N'ajụjụ ọnụ redio kwupụtara mmalite nke mkparịta ụka na akụkụ America gbasara ịzụrụ ụgbọ ala F-5. Ọ bụ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị na ozugbo ihe mberede MiG-12 gasịrị na March 35, 29, ma onyeisi oche na National Security Service kwupụtara mmalite nke nyocha nke ịzụrụ Harpies, dị ka ọ dị n'ihe banyere Hawks - omume pụrụ iche na-eguzobe. ego maka mmemme na-abụghị mmefu ego nke Ministry of Education and Science. N'ikpeazụ, anabataghị echiche ahụ, ọ bụ naanị Ministri Nchebe ga-eme ihe ahụ. N'ime ụbọchị na-esote nke Maachị, okwu ahụ dajụọ, naanị wee kpoo ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọzọ na Eprel 4. Ụbọchị ahụ, n'oge arụmụka na US Congress, a wad. Matthias W. "Mat" Winter, onye isi nke ụlọ ọrụ mmemme F-2019 (nke a na-akpọ Joint Program Office, JPO) na Ngalaba Nchebe nke United States, kwupụtara na gọọmenti etiti na-atụle ịkwado ire nke atụmatụ ahụ na mba anọ ọzọ dị na Europe. : Spain, Greece, Romania na ... Poland. N'ikwu okwu banyere ozi a, Minista Blaszczak gbakwụnyere na a na-akwado nkwado ego na nke iwu maka ịzụrụ "ọ dịkarịa ala 4 35th ọgbọ ụgbọ elu". N'akụkụ Polish agbaala mbọ iji belata usoro ikike ịzụ ahịa dị ka o kwere mee, yana itinye ụzọ ngwa ngwa na mkparịta ụka. Okpomọkụ dị gburugburu F-32 "wedatara" ọzọ n'ime izu ndị na-esote, na-agbago ọzọ na Mee. Ụbọchị abụọ yiri ka ọ bụ isi - Mee 5 na 35. Na May 16, arụmụka mere na kọmitii ndị omeiwu na National Defence, mgbe onye odeakwụkwọ steeti nke Ministry of National Defense, Wojciech Skurkiewicz, gwara ndị nnọchiteanya banyere nhọrọ nke ụgbọ elu nke ọgbọ nke ise (ya bụ F-28A). . maka ndị agha ikuku abụọ. Ịzụta ngwá ọrụ maka nke mbụ gụnyere na PMT 16-5, na nke abụọ - na oge nhazi ọzọ. N'ịghọta na nzụta ahụ dị ka mkpa arụmọrụ ngwa ngwa, ọ ga-ekwe omume itinye usoro na-abụghị asọmpi.
N'aka nke ya, na May 28, Minista Blaszczak kwupụtara na Ngalaba Nchebe Mba ezipụla akwụkwọ ozi arịrịọ (LoR) na United States gbasara nkwenye maka ire ere 32 F-35A na ọnọdụ ya. Ozi nke Minista nyere na-egosi na LoR, na mgbakwunye na ịzụrụ ụgbọ elu n'onwe ya, gụnyere ngwa ngwa na ngwugwu ọzụzụ, ya bụ, ngwugwu ọkọlọtọ n'ihe gbasara usoro FMS. Nrubeisi nke LoR ghọrọ usoro iwu n'akụkụ ndị America, butere mbipụta nke ngwa mbupụ nke Defence Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA) na Septemba 11, 2019. Anyị amụtala na Poland nwere mmasị ịzụta 32 F-35As na otu ngwa ngwa Pratt Whitney F135. Na mgbakwunye, ngwugwu ahụ gụnyere ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ na nkwado ọzụzụ. Ndị America setịpụrụ ọnụ ahịa kachasị maka ngwugwu a na ijeri $6,5.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, na Ọktọba 10, 2019, akwadoro atụmatụ teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ndị agha Polish maka 2021-2035, nke, n'ihi ogologo oge ya, enyelarị maka ịzụrụ ụgbọ ala nke 5th nke nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche maka ndị otu abụọ.
Dị ka anyị mụtara ụbọchị ole na ole tupu ememe ahụ na Dęblin, n'oge nke Polish n'akụkụ malitere akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta nke nnabata (LoA), nke ndị nnọchianya nke nchịkwa America bịanyere aka na mbụ, n'ikpeazụ, ọnụ ahịa ngwugwu n'oge mkparịta ụka ahụ belatara na ọkwa. nke 4,6, 17 ijeri US dollar, ya bụ ihe dị ka ijeri 572 35 nde zlotys. A na-atụ anya na otu F-87,3A ga-eri ihe dị ka nde $2,8. Ekwesiri imesi ya ike na nke a bu ihe a na-akpo ugwo flyaway, ya bu. Ọnụ ego dị n'akụkụ nke onye nrụpụta na-ebute mgbe ọ na-ebufe ụgbọ elu na engine, nke a apụtaghị na onye ahịa na-enweta ụgbọ elu dị njikere maka ịrụ ọrụ, obere maka ọgụ. Poland ga-akwụ ụgwọ ijeri $ 61 maka ụgbọ elu na injin ha, nke bụ ihe dịka 35% nke ọnụ ahịa nkwekọrịta zuru oke. A na-eme atụmatụ na ọnụ ahịa ụgbọ elu na ndị ọrụ teknụzụ na-efu $ XNUMX nde.
Enwetara mbelata ọnụahịa ahụ, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, n'ihi ọjụjụ ịkwụghachi ihe niile ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke ego enwetara site na nkwụghachi. Dị ka Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe si kwuo, ikpochapụ nkwụsị ahụ naanị zọpụtara ihe dị ka ijeri $ 1,1. Otú ọ dị, Lockheed Martin na ndị mmekọ ụlọ ọrụ ya nwere ike ịdabere na ịzụlite nkwado na ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa na ụgbọ elu Polish, nke a tụrụ aro mgbe abanyela nkwekọrịta nkwado Lockheed Martin Corp. Ụgwọ nke ụlọ ọrụ Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa SA na ịgbasa ike nke Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze No. 2 SA na Bydgoszcz na ngalaba ọrụ ụgbọ elu C-130 Hercules na ụgbọ elu F-16 multirole.
Ọnụ ego nke ijeri dollar 4,6 bụ ọnụ ahịa net, mgbe akụrụngwa zụrụ gafere ókèala Poland, a ga-akwụrịrị VAT na ya. Dabere na ngụkọta nke Ministry of National Defence, ọnụ ọgụgụ ikpeazụ ga-abawanye site na ihe dị ka ijeri zlotys 3, ruo n'ogo nke ihe dịka ijeri zlotys 20,7 (na ọnụego mgbanwe dollar US na ụbọchị ịbịanye aka na nkwekọrịta). Nkwụghachi ụgwọ niile dị n'okpuru LoA bụ n'afọ 2020-2030.
Na ozi nke Ministry of Defence nyere ọha na eze, a maara na Polish F-35A ga-apụta na mmepụta n'ọdịnihu ma na-anọchi anya ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ nke Block 4, nke ka na-emepe emepe. Poland ga-abụkwa nke abụọ. - mgbe Norway gasịrị - onye na-eji ụgbọ ala F-35. nke a ga-eji ihe njide parachute hull breeki na-ebelata mpịakọta (F-35A enweghị ha na ndabara). N'ikwekọ n'usoro nkwekọrịta nke nkwekọrịta ahụ, n'oge ọ dị irè, mgbanwe niile (ọkachasị ngwa ngwa) ewepụtara na-aga n'ihu na usoro mmepụta ihe ga-emejuputa na igwe ndị ewepụtara na mbụ.
Mbụ F-35A maka Air Force kwesịrị ịnapụta na 2024 na na mmalite nke ọrụ ha, yana akụkụ nke ụgbọ elu ezubere maka nnyefe na 2025 (isii na mkpokọta) ga-anọ na United States maka ọzụzụ pilot na nkwado ala - dị ka nkwekọrịta ahụ si dị, ndị America ga-azụ ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu 24 (gụnyere ọtụtụ ruo n'ọkwa nke ndị nkuzi) na 90 technicians. A ga-ejikwa ha rụọ ọrụ mmepe. Oge njedebe a pụtara na ndị America agaghị ebufe na Poland ụdị isii Block 3F arụpụtarala maka Turkey, nke kwesịrị ka e wughachi ya na ebumnuche Block 4, nke a na-agbapụta ugbu a ma na-eche ọdịnihu ha. N'ọgwụgwụ afọ gara aga, mgbasa ozi na-eche banyere ọdịnihu ha, na-egosi na ụgbọ elu ndị a nwere ike ịga Poland ma ọ bụ Netherlands (nke a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-abawanye usoro ya ugbu a na nkeji 37).
