F/A-18 Hornet

F/A-18C sitere na VFA-34 "Blue Blaster" squadron. Ụgbọ elu ahụ nwere ihe pụrụ iche a kwadebere n'ihe metụtara ụgbọ elu ọgụ ikpeazụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke US Navy Hornets, nke mere n'ụgbọelu USS Carl Vinson site na Jenụwarị ruo Eprel 2018.

N'April nke afọ a, US Navy (USN) kwụsịrị iji F / A-18 Hornet airborne homing agha na ọgụ nkeji, na n'October, a napụrụ ndị agha nke ụdị a na ọzụzụ nkeji nke ndị agha mmiri. Ndị agha F/A-18 Hornet "kpochapụwo" ka nọ na-eje ozi na ndị squadrons nke United States Marine Corps (USMC), nke na-ezube ịrụ ọrụ ha ruo 2030-2032. Na mgbakwunye na United States, mba asaa nwere F/A-18 Hornet ọgụ: Australia, Finland, Spain, Canada, Kuwait, Malaysia na Switzerland. Ọtụtụ bu n’obi idowe ha ozi ruo afọ iri ọzọ. Onye ọrụ mbụ wepụrụ ha nwere ike ịbụ Kuwait, na onye ikpeazụ ga-abụ Spain.

Emepụtara Hornet airborne fighter maka ndị agha mmiri US site McDonnel Douglas na Northrop (nke bụ Boeing na Northrop Grumman ugbu a). Ụgbọ elu nke ụgbọ elu ahụ mere na Nọvemba 18, 1978. Ụgbọ elu itoolu nwere otu oche, nke a họpụtara dị ka F-9A, na 18 ụgbọ elu oche abụọ, nke a họpụtara dị ka TF-2A, sonyere na ule ahụ. Nnwale mbụ n'ụgbọelu - USS America - malitere na October 18 nke afọ. N'oge a nke mmemme ahụ, USN kpebiri na ọ dịghị mkpa mgbanwe abụọ nke ụgbọ elu - onye agha na iku. N'ihi ya, e webatara aha "F / A" dịtụ egwu. The otu oche variant ka ahapụtara F/A-1979A na okpukpu abụọ oche F/A-18B. Ndị otu ndị ga-anata ndị agha ọhụrụ ahụ gbanwere aha akwụkwọ ozi ha sitere na VF (Fighter Squadron) na VA (Strike Squadron) gaa na: VFA (Strike Fighter Squadron), ya bụ. ndị agha-atụ bọmbụ.

E webatara F/A-18A/B Hornet n'ọrụ ya na ndị agha mmiri US na February 1981. US Marine squadrons malitere ịnata ha na 1983. Ha dochiri McDonnel Douglas A-4 Skyhawk ọgụ ụgbọ elu na LTV A-7 Corsair II fighter bombers, McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II agha, variis ọgụ na RF. Ruo 4, 1987 F / A-371A ka emepụtara (na mmepụta blocks 18 ruo 4), mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị mmepụta gbanwere na F / A-22C variant. Ihe dị iche iche oche abụọ, F/A-18B, bụ maka ọzụzụ, mana ụgbọ elu ndị a jigidere ike ọgụ zuru oke nke ụdị otu oche. Ekele maka ụgbọ ala agbatịkwuru, ụdị B na-ejide pasent 18 nke tankị dị n'ime. obere mmanụ ụgbọala karịa otu oche ụdị. Ewubere 6 F/A-39B na ngọngọ mmepụta 18 ruo 4.

Ụgbọ elu nke F/A-18 Hornet multirole homing fighter mere na November 18, 1978. Ruo 2000, e wuru ụgbọ elu 1488 nke ụdị a.

Na mbido 80s, Northrop mepụtara ụdị Hornet nke ala, nke akpọrọ F-18L. Ezubere onye agha ahụ maka ahịa mba ụwa - maka ndị nnata bu n'obi iji ha naanị site na ntọala ala. F-18L enweghị akụrụngwa "na-ụgbọ" - nko mgbada, ugwu catapult na usoro mpịachi nku. Onye agha ahụ nwetakwara chassis dị ọkụ karị. F-18L dị ọkụ nke ukwuu karịa F/A-18A, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe a na-emegharị anya, tụnyere F-16 fighter. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, onye ọrụ Northrop McDonnel Douglas nyere ndị agha F/A-18L n'ahịa mba ụwa. Ọ bụ naanị ụdị nke F/A-18A mebiri emebi. Ihe a na-enye bụ na F-18L na asọmpi kpọmkwem, nke kpatara Northrop gbara McDonnell Douglas akwụkwọ. Esemokwu ahụ kwụsịrị na McDonnell Douglas zụtara F/A-50L n'aka Northrop maka nde $18 wee kwenye ya ọrụ nke onye na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru. Otú ọ dị, n'ikpeazụ, e bu n'obi na-emepụta ụdị F / A-18A / B maka mbupụ, nke, na arịrịọ nke onye ahịa, nwere ike wepụ ya na usoro on-board. Agbanyeghị, ndị agha Hornet mbupụ enweghị njirimara nke ụdị ala “pụrụ iche” nke bụ F-18L.

N'ime afọ 80s, e mepụtara ụdị Hornet emelitere, nke akpọrọ F / A-18C / D. F/A-18C nke mbụ (BuNo 163427) fere na Septemba 3, 1987. N'èzí, F/A-18C/D adịghị iche na F/A-18A/B. Na mbụ, Hornets F/A-18C/D ji otu igwe dị ka ụdị A/B, i.e. General Electric F404-GE-400. Ihe ọhụrụ kachasị mkpa etinyere na ụdị C bụ, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, Martin-Baker SJU-17 NACES ejection Seats (Common Navy Crew Ejection Seat), kọmpụta ozi ọhụrụ, sistemu eletriki eletrik, na ndị na-edekọ ụgbọ elu na-eguzogide mmebi. Emebere ndị agha ahụ maka ngwa agha ikuku ikuku na ikuku AIM-120 AMRAAM, AGM-65F Maverick thermal imaging eduzi na ngwa agha mgbochi ụgbọ mmiri AGM-84 Harpoon.

Kemgbe afọ mmefu ego 1988, F / A-18C ka emepụtara na nhazi Night Attack, na-enye ohere ikuku na-arụ ọrụ n'abalị na n'ọnọdụ ihu igwe siri ike. A na-emegharị ndị agha ahụ ka ha buru akpa abụọ: Hughes AN / AAR-50 NAVFLIR (sistemụ igodo infrared) na Loral AN / AAS-38 Nite HAWK (usoro nduzi infrared). The kokpiiti na-onwem na AV/AVQ-28 isi-elu ngosi (HUD) (raster graphics), abụọ Kaiser 127 x 127 mm agba multifunction ngosi (MFDs) (dochie monochrome ngosi) na a igodo ngosi na-egosipụta a dijitalụ, agba, na-akpụ akpụ map nke Smith Srs 2100 (TAMMAC - Tactical Air Moving). A na-emegharị kokpiiti maka iji GEC Cat's Eyes (NVG) anya ọhụụ abalị. Kemgbe Jenụwarị 1993, agbakwunyere ụdị akpa AN / AAS-38 kachasị ọhụrụ, nke nwere onye nrụpụta ebumnuche laser na ihe nchọta dị iche iche, na akụrụngwa nke Hornets, n'ihi nke ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu nwere ike gosipụta onwe ha ebumnuche ala maka nduzi laser. ngwa agha (nke nwere ma ọ bụ nke ụgbọ elu ndị ọzọ na-ebu). Ihe ngosi F / A-18C Night Hawk wepụrụ na Mee 6, 1988. Mmepụta nke "abalị" Hornets malitere na Nọvemba 1989 dịka akụkụ nke ngọngọ mmepụta 29th (site na ihe atụ 138th).

Na Jenụwarị 1991, ntinye nke injinia General Electric F36-GE-404 EPE (Enhanced Performance Engine) malitere dị ka akụkụ nke mmepụta ngọngọ 402 na Hornety. Igwe ndị a na-emepụta ihe dị ka pasent 10. ọzọ ike tụnyere "-400" usoro. N'afọ 1992, a malitere nrụnye nke Hughes nke ọgbara ọhụrụ ma dị ike (nke bụ Raytheon) ụdị AN / APG-18 radar ikuku na F / A-73C / D. Ọ nọchiri radar Hughes AN/APG-65 arụnyere na mbụ. Ụgbọ elu nke F / A-18C na radar ọhụrụ mere na April 15, 1992. Kemgbe ahụ, osisi ahụ malitere ịwụnye radar AN / APG-73. N'ime akụkụ ndị emepụtara kemgbe 1993, ntinye nke ndị na-ebupụta ihe mgbochi radieshon ụlọ anọ yana cassettes nnyonye anya ọkụ ọkụ AN / ALE-47, nke nọchiri anya AN / ALE-39 ochie, yana usoro ịdọ aka ná ntị radieshon AN / ALR-67 kwalitere. .

Na mbido, nkwalite Night Hawk agụnyeghị oche abụọ F/A-18D. Emepụtara mbipụta 29 mbụ na nhazi ọzụzụ ọgụ na ikike ọgụ bụ isi nke Model C. Na 1988, site na iwu pụrụ iche nke US Marine Corps, ewepụtara ụdị ọgụ F / A-18D, nke nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ ihu igwe niile. e mepụtara. Emebere kokpiiti azụ, nke enweghị mkpanaka njikwa, maka ndị na-ahụ maka sistemu ọgụ (WSO - Onye na-ahụ maka sistemu ngwa ọgụ). Ọ nwere joysticks dị n'akụkụ abụọ na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche maka ịchịkwa ngwa ọgụ na sistemu bọọdụ, yana ihe ngosi eserese mbugharị dị n'elu na njikwa njikwa. F/A-18D nwetara ngwugwu ihe nlereanya Night Hawk zuru ezu. F/A-18D (BuNo 163434) gbanwere na St. Petersburg. Louis 6 Mee 1988 Mmepụta mbụ F/A-18D Night Hawk (BuNo 163986) bụ ụdị D mbụ e wuru na Block 29.

Ndị agha mmiri US enyela iwu 96 F/A-18D Night Hawks, ọtụtụ n'ime ha abụrụla akụkụ nke ụgbọ mmiri mmiri niile.

Ndị squadron ndị a ka akara VMA (AW), ebe mkpụrụedemede AW na-eguzo maka All-Weather, nke pụtara ọnọdụ ihu igwe niile. F/A-18D nọchiri anya ụgbọ elu ọgụ Grumman A-6E. Mgbe e mesịrị, ha malitekwara ịrụ ọrụ nke ihe a na-akpọ. ndị na-ahụ maka nkwado ikuku maka nkwado ikuku ngwa ngwa na atụmatụ - FAC (A) / TAC (A). Ha dochie ụgbọ elu McDonnell Douglas OA-4M Skyhawk na North American Rockwell OV-10A/D Bronco na ọrụ a. Ebe ọ bụ na 1999, F/A-18D ewegharawokwa ọrụ nlegharị anya ikuku nke ndị ọgụ RF-4B Phantom II rụrụ na mbụ. Emere ka nke a kwe omume site na ntinye usoro nyocha nke Martin Marietta ATARS (Advanced Tactical Airborne Reconnaissance System). A na-etinye usoro ATARS nke "palletized" n'ime ụlọ nke M61A1 Vulcan 20 mm multi-barrel egbe, nke a na-ewepụ n'oge eji ATARS.

Ụgbọ elu nwere usoro ATARS dị iche site na njirimara ngosi nke nwere windo na-apụta n'okpuru imi nke ụgbọ elu ahụ. Enwere ike ịrụcha ọrụ ịwụnye ma ọ bụ wepụ ATARS n'ime awa ole na ole n'ọhịa. Ndị Marine Corps ekenyela ok.48 F/A-18D maka ọrụ nlegharị anya. Ụgbọ elu ndị a nwetara aha F/A-18D (RC). Ugbu a, nlegharị anya Hornets nwere ike izipu foto na onyonyo na-akpụ akpụ site na sistemụ ATARS ozugbo gaa na ndị nnata ala. Emezikwara F/A-18D(RC) ka ọ buru igbe Loral AN/UPD-8 nwere radar dị n'akụkụ ikuku (SLAR) na pylon fuselage etiti.

N'August 1, 1997, Boeing nwetara McDonnell Douglas, bụ nke ghọrọ "onye nwe akara". Ebe mmepụta ihe nke Hornets, na mgbe e mesịrị Super Hornets, ka dị na St. Petersburg. Louis. Ngụkọta nke 466 F/A-18C na 161 F/A-18D ka e wuru maka ndị agha mmiri US. Mmepụta nke ụdị C/D kwụsịrị na 2000. Usoro ikpeazụ nke F / A-18C gbakọtara na Finland. N'August 2000, e nyefere ya n'aka ndị agha ikuku Finnish. Hornet ikpeazụ emepụtara bụ F/A-18D, nke US Marine Corps nabatara na Ọgọst 2000.

Imeziwanye “A+” na “A++”

Emebere mmemme nkwalite izizi Hornet n'etiti 90s wee tinye naanị F/A-18A. Ejiri radar AN / APG-65 gbanwee ndị agha ahụ, nke mere ka o kwe omume iburu AIM-120 AMRAAM ngwa agha ikuku na ikuku. Emezikwara F/A-18A ka o buru AN/AAQ-28(V) Litening onyunyo na modul lekwasịrị anya.

Nzọụkwụ na-esote bụ nhọrọ nke ihe dịka 80 F/A-18A nwere akụrụngwa kachasị ogologo na ikuku ikuku fọdụrụ n'ọnọdụ ka mma. Ejiri radar AN/APG-73 na ihe ndị dị n'otu n'otu nke C avionics nwere akara A + ndị a. N'ikpeazụ, nkeji 54 A+ nwetara otu ngwugwu avionics dị ka etinyere na ụdị C. Akara ha akara F/A-18A ++. Hornets F/A-18A +/A ++ kwesịrị ịkwado ụgbọ mmiri F/A-18C/D. Ka ndị agha F / A-18E / F Super Hornet ọhụrụ batara ọrụ, ndị agha mmiri US bufere ụfọdụ A + na A ++ niile na Marine Corps.

Ndị Marines US tinyekwara F/A-18A ha site na mmemme imeziwanye ọkwa nke abụọ, nke, mana, dịtụ iche na nke ndị agha mmiri US. Ịkwalite na ọkọlọtọ A + gụnyere, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, ntinye nke AN/APG-73 radar, GPS / INS satellite-inertial navigation system, na usoro AN/ARC-111 Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) ọhụrụ. A na-amata mpi oké osimiri nke nwere ha site na njirimara antennae nke dị na imi n'ihu nke fairing (nke a na-akpọ "ndị na-egbu nnụnụ").

Na ọkwa nke abụọ nke ọgbara ọhụrụ - na ọkọlọtọ A ++ - USMC Hornet kwadebere, gụnyere na ngosipụta kristal mmiri mmiri (LCD), ihe ngosi okpu agha JHMCS, oche ejection SJU-17 NACES na AN / ALE-47 blocking cartridge ejectors. Ikike ọgụ nke F / A-18A ++ Hornet adịchaghị ala karịa F / A-18C, yana dị ka ọtụtụ ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu karịrị ha, ebe a na-eji akụrụngwa ụgbọ elu ọgbara ọhụrụ na ọkụ ọkụ.