François Philidor - Onye kere ihe ndabere nke egwuregwu ọnọdụ

Na mbipụta 6/2016 nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Teknụzụ Ndị Ntorobịa, edere m banyere onye ọkpụkpọ chess kacha mma nke ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke XNUMX - Calabrian Gioachino Greco, onye isi egwuregwu gambit-nchikota jupụtara na fantasy. Ụdị a, nke a na-akpọ ụlọ akwụkwọ Ịtali, na-achịkwakwa mmalite nke narị afọ na-esote, ruo mgbe onye mmeri France François-André Danican Philidor pụtara na ụwa chess.

1. Francois-André Danican Philidor (1726-1795) - French ọkà mmụta sayensị na onye dere.

Ọkwa Philidor dị elu karịa nke ndị niile ha na ya dịkọrọ ndụ na site na afọ 21 ọ na-egwuri egwu na ndị mmegide ya na forums.

François Philidor (1) bụ onye ọkpụkpọ chess kachasị na narị afọ nke abụọ. N'akwụkwọ ya "L'analyse des Echecs" ("Analysis of the Game of Chess"), nke gafere otu narị mbipụta (2), ọ gbanwere nghọta nke chess.

Echiche ya a ma ama, na-ekwusi ike mkpa ọ dị mkpa mmegharị nke iberibe n'ụzọ ziri ezi na ọkwa niile nke egwuregwu ahụ, dị n'okwu a "iberibe bụ mkpụrụ obi nke egwuregwu ahụ." Philidor webatara echiche ndị dị ka mgbochi na ịchụ àjà.

E bipụtara akwụkwọ ya ihe karịrị otu narị ugboro, gụnyere anọ n'ime afọ mbụ e bipụtara ya. Na Paris, ọ bụ onye ọbịa oge niile na Café de la Régence, ebe ndị egwuregwu chess kacha pụta ìhè zutere - ndị ya na ya na-akpakọrịta na bọọdụ chess bụ Voltaire na Jan Jakub Rousseau. Na-egosipụtakwa nkà ya ugboro ugboro n'ịkpọ egwu ekpuchiri anya, n'otu oge ya na ndị mmegide atọ (3). Ọbụna n'oge ndụ ya, a na-akwanyere ya ùgwù dị ka onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-ede egwú; ọ hapụrụ operas iri atọ! Na tiori nke oghere, a na-echekwa ebe nchekwa Philidor n'aha otu n'ime oghere - Philidor Defense: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6.

2. Francois Philidor, L'analyse des Echecs (Ntụle nke egwuregwu chess)

3. Philidor na-egwuri egwu n'otu oge ekpuchiri anya na Parsloe Chess Club ama ama na London.

Nchedo Philidora

Ọ maralarị na narị afọ nke mbụ na Philidor na-ewu ewu. Ọ na-amalite na mmegharị 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 (eserese 4).

Philidor kwadoro ịkwaga 2 ... d6 kama 2 ... Nc6, na-ekwu na mgbe ahụ, knight agaghị egbochi mmegharị nke c-pawn. White na-egwukarị 3.d4 na nchekwa a, ma ugbu a Black na-adakọkarị 3... e: d4, 3... Nf6 na 3... Nd7. Philidor ọ na-egwuri egwu 3... f5 (Philidor's counter-gambit), mana echiche nke taa anaghị agụta mmegharị ikpeazụ a n'etiti ndị kacha mma. Philidor Defence bụ oghere siri ike, n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụghị nke ewu ewu na egwuregwu asọmpi yana n'ụzọ ụfọdụ ọ na-adịghị.

4. Philidora nchebe

opera party

Nchedo Philidora Ọ pụtara n'otu n'ime egwuregwu ndị a ma ama na akụkọ chess a na-akpọ Opera Party (French: Partie de l'opéra). Ọ bụ onye ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama ama America Paul Morphy na 1858, n'ime igbe dị na ụlọ opera dị na Paris, n'oge mkparịta ụka nke Bellini Norma ya na ndị mmegide abụọ gbara ajụjụ ọnụ na mmegharị ha. Ndị mmegide a bụ German Duke nke Brunswick Charles II na French Count Izouard de Vauvenargues.

Ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ nwere mmasị na ndụ na ọrụ chess nke Paul Morphy, otu n'ime ndị amamihe kacha ukwuu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke chess, na-ezo aka na mbipụta 6/2014 nke magazin Young Technician.

5. Paul Morphy vs. Duke Charles nke Brunswick na Count Izouard de Vauvenargues, Paris, 1858

Ma ebe a bụ usoro egwuregwu a ma ama: Paul Morphy vs. Prince Charles II nke Brunswick na Count Izouard de Vauvenargues, Paris, 1858 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 Gg4?! (mma 3… e: d4 ma ọ bụ 3… Nf6) 4.d: e5 G: f3 5.H: f3 d: e5 6.Bc4 Nf6? (mma 3... Qf6 ma ọ bụ 3... Qd7) 7.Qb3! Q7 8.Cc3 (Morphy na-ahọrọ mmepe ngwa ngwa, ọ bụ ezie na ọ nwere ike ịnweta b7 pawn, ma 8.G: f7 dị ize ndụ, ebe Black na-enweta ọgụ dị ize ndụ maka rook) 8... c6 9.Bg5 b5? 10.C: b5! (A ga-achọ bishọp maka mbuso agha ọzọ) 10... c: b5 (na-eduga na mfu, ma ọbụna mgbe 10 ... Qb4 + White nwere nnukwu uru) 11.G: b5 + Nbd7 12.0-0- 0 Rd8 (eserese 5). 13.b:d7! (onye na-agbachitere ọzọ anwụ) 13... W: d7 14.Qd1 He6 15.B: d7 + S: d7 16.Qb8 + !! (mara mma ikpeazụ eze nwaanyị àjà) 16… R: b8 17.Rd8 #1-0

6. Ọnọdụ Philidor na ngwụcha ụlọ elu

Ọnọdụ Philidor na ngwụcha ụlọ elu ahụ

Ọnọdụ Philidora (6) eserese maka Black (ma ọ bụ White, n'otu n'otu, ma ọ bụrụ na ha bụ akụkụ na-agbachitere). Black ga-etinye eze na kọlụm nke ibe ndị iro dị n'akụkụ, na rook n'ahịrị nke isii ma chere ka mpempe ọcha banye ya. Mgbe ahụ, rook na-aga n'ihu n'ihu wee lelee eze ọcha site n'azụ: 1. e6 Wh1 2. Qd6 Rd1 + - eze ọcha enweghị ike ichebe onwe ya pụọ ​​​​na nlele na-adịgide adịgide ma ọ bụ mfu nke pawn.

7. Ọmụmụ Philidor na ngwụcha kwụ ọtọ

Ọmụmụ Philidora

N'ọnọdụ site na eserese 7, White, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na o nwere pawns abụọ dị obere, hà nhata, na-egwu 1.Ke2! Kf6 2.Nf2 wdg.

Hetman na eze megide rook na eze

Ọtụtụ mgbe na njedebe dị otú ahụ, eze nwanyị meriri rook. Site na egwuregwu kachasị mma n'akụkụ abụọ, malite na ọnọdụ kachasị njọ na eze nwanyị, akụkụ siri ike chọrọ mmegharị 31 iji weghara rook ma ọ bụ lelee eze onye mmegide. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na akụkụ siri ike na-amaghị otú e si egwu egwu na njedebe a na enweghị ike ịmanye rook na eze ka ha kewapụ, mgbe ahụ, akụkụ nke na-esighị ike nwere ike nweta ihe osise mgbe 50 na-emegharị na-enweghị ijide, mee ka eze nwanyị dochie anya ya. rook, nweta nlele na-adịgide adịgide, ma ọ bụ na-eduga na nkwụsịtụ. Atụmatụ egwuregwu maka akụkụ siri ike nwere usoro anọ:

Hetman na eze megide rook na eze - ọnọdụ Philidor

1. Tụnu eze n'ọnụ ọnụ osisi ahụ na nkuku osisi ahụ ma mee ka ọ bịarute n'ebe dị elu nke Filidor.
2. Kewapụ eze na rook.
3. Lelee na rook.
4. enyi.

Ọ bụrụ na White na-aga na ọnọdụ 8, mgbe ahụ, ọ na-egosi tempo site "na-egwu Queen triangle", na-ejigide otu ọnọdụ: 1.Qe5 + Ka7 2.Qa1 + Qb8 3.Qa5. Ọnọdụ Philidor malitere na 1777, bụ ebe njem ahụ dabara na Black. Na ọkwa na-esote, White na-amanye rook ka ọ kewapụ na eze ojii ma, mgbe chess ole na ole gasịrị, were ya. N'ụzọ ọ bụla rook na-aga, White na-emeri ngwa ngwa na ndụdụ (ma ọ bụ onye nyocha).

9. Bust nke Philidor na facade nke Opera Garnier na Paris.

Onye na-ede egwú Philidor

Philidor o sitere na ezinụlọ egwu ama ama na, dịka anyị kwuburu, bụ onye na-ede egwú, otu n'ime ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri French na-atọ ọchị. O dere egwu egwu iri abụọ na asaa na egwu egwu atọ (ụdị opera French azụlitere n'oge Baroque na akụkụ oge ochie), gụnyere. opera Tom Jones, nke otu cappella vocal quartet pụtara na nke mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụdị a (1765). N'etiti ndị ọzọ operas Philidor, ndị na-esonụ kwesịrị nlebara anya: "The Magician", "Melida" na "Ernelinda".

Mgbe ọ dị afọ 65, Philidor hapụrụ France gaa England na nke ikpeazụ ya, ọ laghachighị n'ala nna ya. Ọ bụ onye na-akwado mgbanwe mgbanwe France, mana njem ya na England pụtara na gọọmentị France ọhụrụ depụtara ya dị ka onye iro na mbuso agha France. Ya mere, a manyere Philidor ka ọ nọrọ afọ ikpeazụ ya na England. Ọ nwụrụ na London na August 24, 1795.