Genesis nke German ọgụ ụgbọ elu nke Luftwaffe na 1935-1938.
Ụgbọ elu Messerschmitt Bf 109B sitere na 132nd Hunting Regiment Jagdgeschwader "Manfred von Richthofen", nke mgbe ọtụtụ nhazigharị na 1939 ghọrọ 26 Regiment Jagdgeschwader "Schlageter".
N'agbanyeghị n'okpuruala e kere eke nke Luftwaffe, fọrọ nke nta n'oge dum nke ọrụ nke Weimar Republic, mmepe nke German Air Force na 1935-1938. ọ bụghị na-enweghị nsogbu na ihe mgbochi. N'ihi ya, na September 1938, n'oge ọgba aghara Munich, ụgbọ elu German adịghị etinye nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nye ndị agbata obi ya buru ibu. Anyị na-anwa anwa ikwu na ọ bụrụ na e nwere agha mgbe ahụ, Germany gaara emeri ya site n'aka ndị agha jikọtara ọnụ nke Great Britain, France, Poland na Czechoslovakia ma ọ bụrụ na njikọ dị otú ahụ etolite.
N'April 7, 1933, Commission Transport Commission, Reichskommissariat für die Luftfahrt, gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM), ya bụ, Reich Aviation Ministry, nke Hermann Göring (1893-1946) na-edu dịka onye ozi. Kedu ihe kpatara Hermann Goering, onye isi ụgbọ elu lara ezumike nká, onye nwere ọkwa nke onye agha agha, ma na-enweghị ahụmahụ, onye na-ejeghị ozi na Reichswehr, na-enweghị nchekwube, na-enweghị echiche sara mbara na ihe ọmụma zuru oke.
aga Luftwaffe?
Ọ ga-adị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa maka ọnọdụ a bụ Major General Helmut Wilberg (1880-1941). Onye ọrụ Reich sitere na 1900, jere ozi na Kaiser's Air Corps site na 1913, kwụsịrị Agha Ụwa Mbụ dị ka onye isi, mana onye isi ụgbọ elu nke 4th Army. O jere ozi na Reichswehr n'ihi na ọ dị mkpa na ndị agha na-agba ọsọ wee ruo n'ọkwa onye isi na 1932, nke adịghị mfe. N'ụzọ dị mwute maka Germany, ọ bịara bụrụ na Wilberg bụ onye Juu. Otú ọ dị, e zigaghị ya n'ogige ahụ, ma e jiri ya mee ihe dị ka akụkụ nke ọhụrụ Reich Air Ministry tinyere Major K. Walter Wever ọbụna dere mbụ Luftwaffe ozizi, nke a maara dị ka "Iwu 16", nke e bipụtara na 1935. Na March, e nyere ya ọkwa nke "kpakpando atọ" Air Force general (ọ bụ onye Juu!). Ọ nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọelu dị nso na Dresden na November 20, 1941. Agbanyeghị, dị ka a maara, dịka nnabata ya siri dị, ọ durughị Luftwaffe gbasasịrị.
Kama nke ahụ, ùgwù a ruru onye Nazi Hermann Goering ekwuputara. Onye so na mbuso agha nke Munich na 1923, merụrụ ahụ n'ụkwụ mgbe ọ na-agbake, morphine riri ahụ wee mechaa opium. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ onye nkwado siri ike nke Hitler, onye na-akwado National Socialist German ArbeiterParty - NSDAP, bụ onye na-elekọta ndị na-akwado nnọkọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ a n'ụzọ dị mfe n'ihi ezigbo nkà mmekọrịta ọha na eze na njikọ dị na nke a na-akpọ. n'ime ọha mmadụ ọ ghọrọ onye òtù Reichstag, e mesịakwa, Hitler nyefere ya ọkwá ndị ọzọ dị mkpa. Ọ bụ ya kere ndị uwe ojii ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Gestapo (Geheime Staatspolizei, na mbụ na-arụ ọrụ naanị na Prussia - n'April 26, 1933, naanị otu afọ ka e mesịrị, ọ bụ n'okpuru ọchịchị Heinrich Himler), ọ bụkwa onye isi ọchịchị Prussia, bụ onye isi ala ikpeazụ ha. , ma bụrụkwa onye isi nke Atụmatụ Afọ Anọ (kamgbe Ọktoba 1936). Na 1933, ọ gwara Hitler ka o nye ya ọkwa onyeisi dinta nke Reichsjägermeisters, mgbe ụfọdụ na-eyi uwe akwa dinta na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ kwesịrị ekwesị. Otu afọ ka e mesịrị, ọ ghọkwara onye nduzi nke Reich State Forests. Na July 1937, e hiwere ọgbakọ Reichswerke Hermann Göring (RHG) na Salzgitter, bụ́ ebe e meghere ebe a na-egwupụta ígwè. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1937, agbakwunyere Rheinmetall n'ime RHG, na mgbe Anschluss nke Austria, nwekwara ọrụ nchara Austrian dịka Eisenwerke Oberdonau si Linz. Mgbe e mesịrị, a gbakwụnyekwuru ụlọ mmepụta ihe na mba ndị ahụ, gụnyere Czech Škoda Werke nke Pilsen, tinyere ogbunigwe na ígwè ígwè na Donbass, bụ ndị e weghaara na Ukraine. Hermann Goering nwetara uru dị ịtụnanya site na osisi ndị a.
N'August 1933, e nyere ya ọkwa nke General nke ụgbọ elu ozugbo, na February 1938, Hitler họpụtara ya Field Marshal, otu n'ime ndị agha mbụ (nke abụọ mgbe Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg, bụ onye ozi ikpeazụ nke Agha nke Reich). . Na July 19, 1940, mgbe Hitler buru ụzọ họpụta ndị agha iri na abụọ, Goering bụ naanị onye natara ọkwa dị elu ("kpakpando isii") nke Reichsmarschall, ma ọ bụ Reichsmarschall.
Onye mbụ osote ya n'ọkwa nke State Secretary bụ Erhard Milch (1892-1972), onye na mbụ nwere abụọ dị mkpa ọkwá na Nationalized ụgbọ elu Deutsche Lufthansa: ego director na oru director, onye n'ezie jisiri Lufthansa. N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ọ bụ onye ọrụ ogbunigwe ma mesịa bụrụ onye na-ekiri ihe nkiri na ngalaba nyocha ikuku. Ọ bịara Lufthansa site na Junkers AG, ma ọ bụ karịa kpọmkwem site na ụgbọ elu nke Hugo Junkers - Junkers Luftverkehr AG tọrọ ntọala. Emepụtara Lufthansa site na njikọ nke Deutscher Aero Lloyd AG na Junkers ụgbọ elu. Ọ ghọrọ onye ama ama na Lufthansa dị ka onye nhazi na njikwa dị irè. N'ịbụ ndị nwere ọtụtụ ndị iro, ọ pụghị ịsụgharị echiche ya mgbe nile ka ọ bụrụ eziokwu.
Onye isi nke Central Office (ZA) nke Reich Air Ministry bụ Colonel Rudolf (Ralf) Wenninger (1890-1945), onye bụbu onye ọrụ Reichsmarine bufere na Luftwaffe na 1933, emesia ihe mgbakwunye ikuku na London 1936-1939. Colonel Walter Wever (1-1935) ghọrọ onye isi nke ngalaba iwu (LA), na site na 1887 March 1936 onye isi ndị ọrụ nke iwu Oberkommando der Luftwaffe e mepụtara ọhụrụ (kama nke ngalaba Iwu RLM). Onye ọkachamara, onye na-ahụ maka ndị agha na-emeghe anya, ọ gụchara Agha Ụwa Mbụ na ọkwa onye isi wee nọgide na Reichswehr, na-ejide iwu na ndị ọrụ mgbe niile na ndị agha. N'October 1934, e buliri ya n'ọkwa nke Major General na Luftwaffe, na ná mmalite 1936 ọ ghọrọ onye isi ala. Ngalaba izugbe (LB) bụ onye ọrụ obodo bụ Wilhelm Fisch. N'aka nke ya, onye isi nke ngalaba nka nka dị mkpa (LC) bụ onye Colonel Wilhelm Wimmer (1889-1973), kwalitere n'ọkwa onye isi na 1935. Na June 1936, Ernst Udet nọchiri Wimmer, nke ọzọ mechara. N'aka nke ọzọ, Major General Wimmer ghọrọ ọchịagha nke 2nd Air Division na Dresden, na n'August 1940, dị ka Air General, were onye isi nke 1st Air Fleet na Berlin. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ na-aga na nhazi district nke Luftgau na Belgium, ma mgbe Belgium dara n'aka nke Allies na ọdịda nke 1944, ọ bụghị nanị na ọ hapụrụ na-enweghị oge atọrọ, ma ọ chọrọ ọbụna na-apụta n'ihu a agha ikpe, ọ na-esiri ike. kwuo maka gịnị! Otú ọ dị, n'ikpeazụ, ọ ghọrọ onyeisi ndị ọrụ nke Parachute Forces, ọnọdụ ọ nọrọ ruo mgbe agha ahụ biri.
Colonel Albert Kesserling (1885-1960) ghọrọ onye isi ngalaba nke Reich Air Ministry, i.e. ngalaba LD. Ebe ọ bụ na 1904 ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ogbunigwe. N'afọ 1912, ọ ghọrọ onye na-ekiri balloon, ọkachamara na mgbanwe ọkụ artillery. Site na 1922 ọ jere ozi ọzọ na Reichswehr, ọzọ dị ka onye ogbunigwe. N'afọ 1930, e nyere ya ọkwa nke lieutenant colonel. N'October 1933, e zigara ya na RLM, n'ụzọ megidere ọchịchọ ya, site n'ọkwá ọchịagha nke 4th Artillery Regiment na Dresden. Na 1934, ọ ghọrọ Major General, na 1936, a Lieutenant General. Na 1933, ọ gụsịrị ọzụzụ pilot (mgbe ọ dị afọ 48) wee ghọọ onye na-anya ụgbọ elu. N'ikpeazụ, Lieutenant Colonel. Hans-Jürgen Stumpf (1889–1968; emesia Colonel General). Ọ bụ onye uwe ojii ọzọ nke ji ọkwa onyeisi agha mechaa Agha Ụwa Mbụ wee jee ozi na Reichswehr. Na 1934, e nyere ya ọkwa nke colonel.
