Germany - chi ọjọọ na-amalite
16 June 1937, banyere Wilhelmshaven Panzerschiff Deutschland. Naanị ụgbọ ala ụgbọ mmiri ahụ dara ọkara, na omume pụrụ iche nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri gosipụtara ihe mere ihe karịrị izu abụọ tupu mgbe ahụ na Ibiza. Nchịkọta foto nke Andrzej Danilewicz
Mgbe General Franco, Mola na Sanjurjo nupụrụ isi megide Popular Front ọchịchị na July 1936, na-amalite na Spanish Civil War, ha nwere olileanya na ha nwere ike imeri mba ahụ ngwa ngwa. Otú ọ dị, ha nwere ike ịdabere na enyemaka site na mba ọzọ - ndị ozi zutere Hitler na Bayreuth otu izu ka mmalite nke agha ahụ gasịrị, mgbe nanị awa ole na ole chere, nụrụ na German Reich ga-akwado "ndị agha mba." N'oge a, Panzerschiff (ụgbọ mmiri) Deutschland na-aga n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Basque nke San Sebastian ma n'oge na-adịghị anya gosipụtara akụkụ nke Kriegsmarine ga-ewere na esemokwu ahụ. N'ihe na-erughị otu afọ ka e mesịrị, ọrụ nke anọ ya na ndị agha mmiri nke Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ndị Na-adịghị emetụta ejedebe n'oge na-adịghị anya site na bọmbụ abụọ dakwasịrị ya site na ụgbọ elu Republican mgbe ọ na-eguzo n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Ibiza.
Deutschland malitere ọrụ ọnwa abụọ ka Adolf Hitler weghaara ọkwa nke Reich Chancellor, na 2 Eprel 1. N'oge ahụ, British press kpọrọ ya - na nke a ghọrọ nnọọ ewu ewu - "akpa akpa agha". Nke a bụ n'ihi na, na akụkụ nke ụgbọ mmiri "Washington", ọ na-eji ngwa agha ya dị arọ (1933 6-mm egbe) wulitere ha n'elu ha, ebe ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ obere ihe agha karịa ụgbọ agha "ezigbo" niile, ọ na-adị ngwa ngwa. ma nwee ogologo ụgbọ elu dị ogologo (uru nke abụọ jikọtara ya na iji mmanụ dizel). Ndị a mbụ atụmatụ ndị a ụzọ nke circumventing otu n'ime ndokwa nke Treaty nke Versailles, nke machibidoro Germany iwu "Armored ụgbọ mmiri" na a nkịtị mgbapụ nke ihe karịrị 280 10 tọn, nke ga-eme ka ya nsoro enweghị ike iyi egwu ndị agha ụgbọ mmiri nke ike ụwa. Oke ahụ wetara ndị na-emepụta German nnukwu ihe ịma aka, mana n'ihi nnukwu ịgbado ọkụ eletrik, turrets nwere egbe atọ na ọtụtụ ihe ọhụrụ ndị ọzọ, “ngwaahịa” ha bịara bụrụ nke ọma - nke ukwuu n'ihi na nchụpụ ya gafere oke site na 000. tọn.
Na Disemba 1933, Deutschland nwere ule ya niile, ọzụzụ na ọzụzụ ndị ọrụ n'azụ ya. N’April 1934, Hitler gara Norway, jiri ya mee njem ụgbọ njem. N'ọnwa June, o ji ụgbọ mmiri Cologne na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri banye Atlantic, ụgbọ mmiri abụọ ahụ na-eme mgbatị ahụ n'ebe ahụ. Site na Ọktoba 1 ọ bụ flagship nke Kriegsmarine, na Disemba, ọ gara nleta nkwanye ugwu na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Leith nke Scotland. Na March 1935 ọ hapụrụ
na njem ụgbọ mmiri na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Brazil, na-eleta Trinidad na Aruba (enwere ule engine, ụgbọ mmiri ahụ laghachiri Wilhelmshaven na 12 nm "na mita"). N'October, ya na ejima ya, Admiral Scheer, o mere mmemme na Canary na Azores Islands. Na 286 Julaị 24, mgbe ezigara ya Spain, ọ gara nyocha teknụzụ, ụgbọ mmiri ọzụzụ na nleta na Copenhagen.
Na Julaị 26, Deutschland na ndị so ya Admiral Scheer rutere San Sebastian, na-ekere òkè n'ịchụpụ ụmụ amaala nke mba dị iche iche. Deutschland nọgidere na Bay nke Biscay na n'ime ụbọchị ndị na-esonụ ji ụgbọ mmiri gaa A Coruña site Bilbao na Gijon. N'August 3, ya na ụgbọ mmiri torpedo Luchs, ọ banyere Ceuta (n'akụkụ Gibraltar) ma nye ndị agha cadmium iwu zigara Spain. Rolf Karls nwetara nsọpụrụ zuru oke site n'aka ndị agha gbakọtara n'ebe ahụ, site n'enyemaka nke General Franco, onye ya na ya riri nri. N’oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ụgbọ mmiri Republic atọ—ụgbọ agha Jaime I, ụgbọ mmiri Libertad, na onye mbibi ahụ bụ́ Almirante Valdez— pụtara n’ebe ndị nnupụisi ahụ nọ ka ha meghee ọkụ n’ime ya, ma ụzọ Deutschland mere gbochiri ha imeghe ọkụ. N'ụbọchị ndị sochirinụ, ya na Admiral Scheer, na-agbagharị na Strait nke Gibraltar, na-ekwe ka ụgbọ mmiri na-ebu ngwá agha dị arọ site na Ceuta ruo Algeciras na-agafe n'enweghị nsogbu.
Na njedebe nke ọnwa Deutschland laghachiri na Wilhelmshaven, na-eleta Barcelona (9 August), Cadiz na Malaga. N'October 1, ọ gara njem ọzọ gaa n'ikpere mmiri nke Iberian Peninsula, na-arụ ọrụ nlekọta mmiri dị nso na Alicante, nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọ na-eche nche Cartagena, bụ isi isi nke ụgbọ mmiri Republican (eji ụgbọ mmiri eme ihe maka nzube a). ); Na Nọvemba 21, ụbọchị 3 ka Berlin na Rome kwadoro ọchịchị nke General Franco, ọ laghachiri na Wilhelmshaven. Na 31 Jenụwarị 1937, ọ malitere ntụgharị ya nke atọ, na-ebutu Admiral Graf Spee na mmiri dịpụrụ adịpụ Ceuta. N'oge mmeri nke Malaga site na ndị nnupụisi (February 3-8), ọ kpuchiri ndị na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na-agbapụ n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri site na mbuso agha nke otu ụgbọ mmiri Republican (n'aka ekpe Cartagena, ma wepụ ya na mkpasu iwe nke German na Italian units).
