Esịtidem combustion engine cylinder isi

Okwu ahụ bụ "isi cylinder" abịaghị na mberede. Dị ka ọ dị n'isi mmadụ, omume kachasị mgbagwoju anya na nke dị mkpa nke engine combustion na-eme na isi cylinder. Isi cylinder bụ akụkụ nke injin combustion n'ime, nke dị n'akụkụ elu ya (elu). A na-ejikọta ya na ikuku ikuku nke traktị nri na ikpochapu, nwere akụkụ nke usoro valve, injectors na spark plugs ma ọ bụ ọkụ ọkụ. Isi cylinder na-ekpuchi elu nke ngọngọ cylinder. Isi nwere ike ịbụ otu maka engine dum, iche maka cylinder ọ bụla ma ọ bụ iche maka ahịrị dị iche iche nke cylinders (engine nke V). Ejiri skru ma ọ bụ bolts tinye ya na ngọngọ cylinder.

Ọrụ sịlịnda na -arụ ọrụ

• Ọ na-etolite oghere combustion - ọ na-etolite oghere mkpakọ ma ọ bụ akụkụ ya.
• Na-enye ngbanwe ụgwọ cylinder (injin 4-stroke).
• Na -enye obi jụrụ maka ụlọ ọkụ, ọkụ ọkụ na valves.
• Na-emechi ụlọ ọkụ ahụ nke nwere oke gas na mmiri adịghị.
• Na -enye maka idobe nkwụnye ọkụ ma ọ bụ injector.
• Na-ejide ma na-eduzi nrụgide combustion - elu voltaji.

Nkewa nke isi cylinder

• Silinda na-aga maka injin abụọ-strok na anọ.
• Silinda na -ebute ọkụ ọkụ na mkpakọ mgbanye ọkụ.
• Isi ma ọ bụ mmiri jụrụ oyi.
• Isi iche maka otu cylinder, isi maka in-line ma ọ bụ injin V nwere.
• Isi sịlịnda na oge valvụ.

Ịtọ isi nke ngọngọ nke cylinders

Enwere akara n'etiti isi cylinder na ngọngọ nke cylinder nke na -emechi ọnụ ụlọ ọkụ ahụ na -egbochi mmanụ na igwe jụrụ oyi ịgbapụ (ịgwakọta). Anyị na-ekesa akàrà n'ime ihe a na-akpọ ọla ma jikọta ya.

A na-eji igwe, ya bụ akara ọla kọpa ma ọ bụ aluminom, n'ime obere, nnukwu ọsọ, injin jụrụ oyi (scooters, ọgba tum tum okpukpu abụọ ruo 250 cc). Injin ndị nwere mmiri jụrụ ajụ na-eji akara nke nwere eriri elektrọnik nke nwere graphite nke ejikọtara na nkwado igwe sitere na plastik.

Isi mkpuchi sịlịnda

Otu akụkụ dị mkpa nke isi cylinder bụkwa ihe mkpuchi nke na -ekpuchi ụgbọ oloko valvụ ma na -egbochi mmanụ ịdaba na gburugburu injin.

Isi njirimara nke isi cylinder nke injin abụọ na-akụ

Isi sịlịnda maka igwe ọkụ ọkụ abụọ na-adịkarị mfe, ikuku na-ajụ oyi (nwere ọgịrịga n'elu) ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri. Ụlọ ọkụ nwere ike ịbụ symmetrical, biconvex ma ọ bụ okirikiri, na-enwekarị oghere mgbochi. Eriri nkwụnye ọkụ dị na axis cylinder. Enwere ike ime ya site na nkedo isi awọ (ụdị injin ochie) ma ọ bụ alloy aluminom (nke a na -eji ugbu a). Enwere ike ịpị njikọ nke isi injin abụọ ahụ na ngọngọ cylinder, gbanye ya agbụ, tinyere kposara na-agbachi agbachi, ma ọ bụ ọbụna isi otu akụkụ.

Isi njirimara nke isi cylinder nke injin strok anọ

Nhazi nke isi maka engines strok anọ ga-enyekwa mgbanwe mgbanwe nke igwe cylinders engine. O nwere ọwa ntinye na ntinye, akụkụ nke usoro nkesa gas nke na-achịkwa valves, valves n'onwe ha, tinyere oche ha na nduzi ha, eri maka idozi ọkụ ọkụ na nozzles, ọwa maka mgbasa ozi na-agbapụta mmanụ na jụrụ oyi. Ọ bụkwa akụkụ nke ụlọ ọkụ. Ya mere, ọ bụ n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi karịa mgbagwoju anya na imewe na udi tụnyere cylinder isi nke a abụọ-strok engine. A na-eme isi cylinder nke injin strok anọ site na ma ọ bụ igwe nkedo agba ntụ isi awọ, ma ọ bụ ihe nkedo alloy, ma ọ bụ nchara arụrụ arụ - nke a na-akpọ nkedo ígwè ma ọ bụ aluminom alloys maka igwe jụrụ oyi. Igwe ikuku jụrụ oyi na-eji aluminom alloys ma ọ bụ ihe nkedo. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị mgbe a na-eji ihe nkedo eme ihe dị ka ihe isi ma jiri aluminum alloy dochie ya. Akụkụ dị mkpa nke mmepụta nke ọla ọkụ abụghị nke dị ala dị ka ihe dị mma nke okpomọkụ. Ebe ọ bụ na usoro combustion na-ewere ọnọdụ na isi cylinder, na-eme ka okpomọkụ dị ọkụ na akụkụ a nke engine, a ghaghị ibufe ọkụ ahụ na coolant ozugbo enwere ike. Na mgbe ahụ, aluminom alloy bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị.

Ụlọ ọkụ ahụ

Ụlọ ọkụ ahụ bụkwa akụkụ dị oke mkpa na isi cylinder. Ọ ga -abụrịrị nke ziri ezi. Isi ihe achọrọ maka ụlọ ọkụ bụ:

• Compactness nke na -egbochi oke ọkụ.
• Kwe ka ojiji nke ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha nke valvụ ma ọ bụ nha valvụ zuru ezu.
• Ezigbo oghere nke ndochi cylinder.
• Debe kandụl ahụ n'ebe kacha baa ọgaranya na njedebe nke afanyekwa.
• Mgbochi nkwụsị ọkụ.
• Ịkwụsị ebe na -ekpo ọkụ.

Ihe ndị a chọrọ dị ezigbo mkpa n'ihi na ụlọ ọkụ na -emetụta nhazi hydrocarbons, na -ekpebi usoro ịgba ọkụ, oriri mmanụ, mkpọtụ ọkụ na ọkụ. Ụlọ ọkụ ahụ na -ekpebi oke mkpakọ mkpakọ na -emetụta oke ọkụ.

Ụdị ime ụlọ ọkụ

a - ụlọ ịsa ahụ, b - hemispherical, c - osisi, d - asymmetric hemispherical, e - Herons na piston

Nbata na nbata

Ma ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri oriri na nsị na -ejedebe na oche valvụ ozugbo na isi cylinder ma ọ bụ jiri oche etinyere. A na -emepụta oche valvụ kwụ ọtọ na isi ihe ma ọ bụ enwere ike ịkpọ ya. na-akara sadulu mere nke elu mma alloy ihe. A na -agbasasị ebe kọntaktị ka ọ hara nha. Akụkụ bevel nke oche valvụ na-abụkarị 45 Celsius, ebe uru a na-enweta nke ọma mgbe emechiri valvụ na oche na-asachapụ onwe ya. A na -atụgharị valvụ mmiri mgbe ụfọdụ na 30 Celsius maka ịbawanye mma na mpaghara oche.

Nduzi valvụ

Valves na -agagharị na ntuziaka valvụ. Enwere ike ịme ntuziaka valvụ site na nkedo ígwè, aluminom-ọla kọpa, ma ọ bụ mee ya ozugbo na isi isi cylinder.

Valves na cylinder isi nke engine

Ha na -agagharị na ntuzi aka, valvụ n'onwe ha na -anọkwasị n'oche. A na -etinye valvụ ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke valvụ njikwa maka ịgbanye ọkụ ọkụ n'ime ụlọ na nrụgide nrụpụta na ikpo ọkụ n'oge ọrụ. Site n'echiche igwe, ọ kacha ebu ibu nke ikuku anwụrụ ọkụ dị n'ime ụlọ ọkụ, yana ike njikwa nke cam (jaak) na -enye, ike adịghị ike n'oge mmegharị ahụ, yana esemokwu igwe. onwe m. Nchekasị ọkụ dịkwa mkpa, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na -emetụtakarị valvụ ahụ site na okpomoku dị n'ime ụlọ ahụ na -ere ọkụ yana oke okpomọkụ gburugburu ikuku anwụrụ ọkụ na -asọ asọ (valvụ iyuzucha). Ọ bụ valvụ na -emecha, ọkachasị na igwe nchaji, na -ekpughere ibu dị oke ọkụ, yana oke okpomọkụ mpaghara nwere ike iru 900 Celsius C. Enwere ike ibunye okpomoku n'oche na emechie valvụ yana na valvụ valvụ. Enwere ike ịbawanye nnyefe ọkụ site na isi gaa na stem site na iji ihe kwesịrị ekwesị mejupụta oghere n'ime valvụ ahụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na -eji sodium sodium liquefied, nke na -ejupụta oghere oghere naanị ọkara, nke mere na mgbe valvụ ahụ na -agagharị, akụkụ ya dị n'ime mmiri na -ejupụta na mmiri. A na -eme oghere oghere n'ime obere injin (ndị njem) site na -egwu olulu; n'ihe gbasara injin ndị buru ibu, akụkụ nke isi valvụ nwekwara ike ịbụ oghere. Ogwe valvụ na -abụkarị plated chrome. Ya mere, ibu ọkụ abụghị otu maka valvụ dị iche iche, ọ daberekwa na usoro oku ahụ n'onwe ya ma na -ebute nrụgide ọkụ na valvụ ahụ.

Isi valvụ mbata na-abụkarị ibu na dayameta karịa valvụ iyuzucha. Site na ọnụ ọgụgụ valvụ na-adịghị mma (3, 5), enwere valvụ oriri n'otu cylinder karịa valvụ ikuku. Nke a bụ n'ihi ihe a chọrọ iji nweta oke kachasị ike - ike kachasị mma na, ya mere, ihe kachasị mma na-ejuputa cylinder na ngwakọta ọkụ ọkụ na ikuku.

Maka imepụta valvụ mmiri, a na -ejikarị steelị nwere pearlite, nke ejiri silicon, nickel, tungsten, wdg. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na -eji alloy titanium. A na-eme valvụ ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpughere na nrụgide ọkụ sitere na steepụ austenitic dị elu (chromium-nickel). A na -agbado ígwè nchara ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ pụrụ iche na oche oche. stellite (ngwakọta nke cobalt nwere chromium, carbon, tungsten ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ).

Isi cylinder abụọ valvụ

Isi cylinder atọ valvụ

Isi cylinder anọ nwere valvụ

Isi cylinder ise valvụ