Njirimara nke Maz 525
Tụlee onye bu ụzọ nke usoro BelAZ - MAZ-525.
Onye bu ụzọ nke usoro BelAZ - MAZ-525
Ụgbọ ala Ngwuputa Oghere Usoro MAZ-525 (1951-1959 - MAZ-525; 1959-1965 - BelAZ-525). Ihe kpatara mpụta nke gwongworo na-egwuputa ihe dị tọn 25 bụ mkpa maka ụgbọ ala nwere ike ibuga granite blocks site na ebe a na-egwupụta ihe iji wuo mmiri mmiri. MAZ-205 nke dị n'oge ahụ adịghị mma maka nke a n'ihi na ọ dị ala. E tinyere mbelata ike na ụgbọ ala site na 450 ruo 300 hp. 12-cylinder mmanụ dizel tank D-12A. Azụ azụ, n'adịghị ka axle n'ihu, na-ejikọta ya na etiti ahụ, na-enweghị isi iyi, n'ihi ya, ọ dịghị nkwusioru nwere ike iguzogide ibu akpata oyi na-eme mgbe a na-ebufe ụgbọ ala ahụ na cubic mita isii nke nkume paving (n'agbanyeghị).
Iji nweta ihe mgbagwoju anya nke ibu a na-ebugharị, a na-eme ka ala dị okpukpu abụọ, site na mpempe ígwè na nkwonkwo osisi oak n'etiti ha. A na-ebufe ibu ahụ ozugbo na etiti ahụ site na mpempe akwụkwọ roba isii. Nnukwu wiil ndị nwere dayameta taya nke 172 centimita rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-akpata ujo bụ isi. Ọdịdị nke ụgbọ ala ahụ emeela ọtụtụ mgbanwe na usoro mmepụta ihe. Ọ bụrụ na n'ihe nlele mbụ, mkpuchi engine dị na ntọala hà nhata na obosara nke cab, mgbe ahụ, ọ bịara dịkwuo warara - iji chekwaa ígwè. A na-etinye ihe nzacha mmanụ-ikuku kọntaktị, nke na-adabaghị n'okpuru mkpuchi ahụ, na mbụ n'aka ekpe, mgbe ahụ n'aka nri. Ahụmahụ n'ịgba okwute uzuzu na-atụ aro ngwọta: tinye ihe nzacha abụọ.
Maka nchekwa nke ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ mmanụ dizel nke ụgbọ ala a toro ogologo, a na-etinye nchebe nke mbụ n'akụkụ ihe mkpuchi ahụ (nke dị n'aka ekpe), otu afọ ka e mesịrị, a gbahapụrụ ya. Agbanwela ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-ekwe ka ahụ kwụ ọtọ site na asaa ruo isii. Ihe oyiyi chrome nke bison, nke a na-etinye na mkpuchi nke mbụ MAZ-525, mechara kewaa "akpụkpọ ụkwụ" abụọ - a na-ejikọta bas-reliefs ndị a n'akụkụ akụkụ nke mkpuchi, na ọbụna mgbe ahụ ọ bụghị mgbe niile. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-etinye naanị ụgbọ ala mkpọfu nke dịlarị na Rọshịa ka ọ bụrụ ihe ncheta n'akụkụ ọdụ ụgbọ eletrik Krasnoyarsk. N'oge a na-emepụta ụgbọ ala na Belarusian Automobile Plant, bison na-apụ n'anya na mkpuchi, na ihe odide "BelAZ" pụtara n'ọnọdụ ya.
N'afọ 1959, na Zhodino, e mere mgbalị ịmepụta MAZ-525A saddle ka ọ rụọ ọrụ dị ka akụkụ nke ụgbọ oloko okporo ụzọ na BelAZ-5271 tipper semi-trailer nke ya imewe, e mere maka 45 tọn nkume ma ọ bụ ụwa. Otú ọ dị, ahụmahụ ahụ emeghị nke ọma, na ọkara-trailer wee banye n'usoro naanị na 1962 na traktọ BelAZ-540A dị ike karị. Otu afọ mgbe mmalite nke mmepụta nke MAZ-525 Ngwuputa gwongworo na-egwupụta ihe, traktọ ụgbọala MAZ-E-525D kere na ndabere ya akpọrepu n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke Minsk Automobile Plant. E mere ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na njikọ nke 15-cubic-meter D-189 scraper, nke ọ nwere ike ijikwa naanị mgbe ọ na-ebufe ngwongwo ma na-akwọ ụgbọala efu, na mgbe ọ na-ejuputa ahụ, a na-etinye onye na-ebugharị n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè - otu MAZ . -. E-525D nwere ballast na azụ axle.
Nke a dị mkpa, ebe ọ bụ na ejuputa scraper chọrọ 600 hp site na traktọ, ebe ike nke MAZ bụ naanị 300 hp. Ma, ọ dị mkpa maka onye na-ebugharị n'oge a enweghị ike iwere ya dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma, ebe ọ bụ na n'ihe banyere oriri mmanụ, ị na-eji ígwè ọrụ abụọ na-arụ ọrụ nke scraper na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa otu - ike okpukpu abụọ. A sị ka e kwuwe, onye na-ebugharị ya na-arụ ọrụ abụghị otu, kama ọ na-eji ọtụtụ scrapers n'otu oge, na ebe dị anya nke njem ụgbọ mmiri, otú ahụ ka onye na-akwagharị ihe na-ebuwanye ibu, na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma nke iji ha eme ihe.
Ọsọ kacha nke traktọ nwere scraper zuru ezu bụ 28 km / h. O nwere akụkụ nke 6730x3210x3400 mm na wheelbase nke 4000 mm, nke bụ 780 mm na-erughị nke gwongworo mkpọfu na chassis nke e wuru ya. Kpọmkwem n'azụ ụgbọ ala MAZ-E-525D, a na-etinye winch nke injin na-ebugharị na ike ịdọrọ ihe ruru kilogram 3500 iji chịkwaa scraper. Na 1952, ekele maka mgbalị nke Mining Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine SSR, Kharkov trolleybus depot na ntụkwasị obi Soyuznerud, a mụrụ ụdị njem ọhụrụ. Na chassis nke MAZ-205 na YaAZ-210E gwongworo, na afọ abụọ mgbe e mesịrị, e kere wheeled electric gwongworo na iri abụọ na ise-ton MAZ-525.
Ụgbọ ala na chassis MAZ-525 nwere moto eletriki trolleybus abụọ nke ụdị DK-202 nwere ike zuru oke nke 172 kW, nke onye njikwa na-achịkwa na ogwe kọntaktị anọ nke ụdị TP-18 ma ọ bụ TP-19. Igwe ọkụ eletrik nyekwara ikike ịnya ike na ibuli ahụ. A na-ebufe ike eletrik site na ọkụ eletrik na moto eletrik nke ụgbọ ala ndị ahụ n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka ụgbọ ala trolleybuses ndị a na-emekarị: a na-etinye eriri n'akụkụ ụzọ ọrụ ha, bụ nke metụrụ ụgbọ ala ikpofu ọkụ eletrik nwere oghere abụọ dị n'elu ha. . Ọrụ ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na igwe ndị dị otú ahụ dị mfe karịa na gwongworo mkpọfu nke ọdịnala.
Ụgbọ ala MAZ-525: nkọwa
Mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ Soviet mgbe agha gasịrị mere ka mmụba dị ukwuu na mmịpụta nke mineral, iwepụ ya na crankcase enweghịzi ike ijikwa gwongworo ndị na-ekpofu ihe. Mgbe niile, ike nke uka-mepụtara ozu na mmalite nke mbụ post-agha afọ iri MAZ-205 na YaAZ-210E bụ 3,6 na 8 cubic mita, karị, na ibu ikike adịghị gafere 6 na 10 ton, na Ụlọ ọrụ na-egwuputa ihe chọrọ ụgbọ ala mkpofu ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a! Enyere n'aka Minsk Automobile Plant mmepụta na mmepụta nke igwe dị otú ahụ.
Ọrụ siri ike dị otú ahụ dara n'ubu Boris Lvovich Shaposhnik, onye isi n'ọdịnihu nke SKB MAZ a ma ama, bụ ebe e kere ndị na-ebu ụgbọ agha multi-axle; N'oge ahụ ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onyeisi mmebe mbụ na ZIS, na mgbe ahụ na Novosibirsk Automobile Plant, ihe owuwu nke malitere na 1945, ma ọbụna tupu inye ọrụ, e zigara ya ọzọ ngalaba. Shaposhnik rutere na Minsk Automobile Plant tinyere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-emepụta si Novosibirsk na November 1949, na-ewere ọnọdụ nke isi nke osisi si imewe bureau (KEO). Ihe a kpọtụrụ aha bụ MAZ-525 n'ọdịnihu. Maka ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala, nke a bụ ụdị gwongworo a na-ekpofu ihe ọhụrụ - ọ dịghị ihe dị ka nke a emetụbeghị na mba anyị! Ma ka
(ibu ike 25 ton, oke ibu 49,5 ton, olu anụ ahụ 14,3 cubic mita), nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu maka oge ahụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka oge mbụ na mba anyị, MAZ-525 ji ụgbọ mmiri na-arụ ọrụ ike na mbara ala gearbox nke e wuru n'ime oghere wiil. Injin a napụtara site na Barnaul nwere cylinders nwere ụdị 12 V mepụtara 300 hp, njigide ahụ bụ diski abụọ ma jikọta ya na njigide hydraulic nke na-echebe nnyefe, na dayameta nke wiil ndị ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ịdị elu nke onye toro eto!
N'ezie, site n'ụkpụrụ nke taa, ike ahụ nke mbụ Soviet Ngwuputa Ngwuputa gwongworo MAZ-525 adịghị adọrọ mmasị: ot gwongworo ndị a na-emepụta ugbu a, nke e mere maka ịkwọ ụgbọala n'okporo ụzọ ọha na eze, na-ebu otu ego ahụ n'ụgbọ mmiri. Site na ụkpụrụ nke etiti narị afọ gara aga, a na-ewere ịnyefe ihe karịrị 14 "cubes" n'otu ụgbọ elu dị ka nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma! Maka ntụnyere: n'oge ahụ, YaAZ-210E, nke kasị ukwuu n'ime ụlọ na-ekpofu okporo ụzọ, nwere a ahụ olu nke bụ isii "cubes" obere.
N'oge na-adịghị mgbe mmalite nke uka mmepụta na 1951, e mere ọtụtụ mgbanwe na ọdịdị nke nkume mgbawa: semicircular radiator lining dochie na a akụkụ anọ, obosara nke mkpuchi e belatara n'ókè nke interface ya na taksi, na E wepụrụ obere okporo ụzọ nchekwa dị n'ihu fenders. N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, na 1954, a mgbanwe gwongworo na-ekpofu ihe pụtara na engine trolleybus abụọ arụnyere n'okpuru mkpuchi nke nwere ike zuru ezu nke 234 hp na pantograph nke a gbakwasịrị n'elu ụlọ. Ọ bụ ezie na mmepe a aghọghị ọkọlọtọ, ọ dị ka ọ dị mkpa: mmanụ dizel 39-lita nke ụdị ọkọlọtọ dị oke egwu, na-eri 135 lita mmanụ dizel kwa 100 kilomita ọbụna n'ọnọdụ dị mma.
N'ozuzu, ihe karịrị 1959 MAZ-800 arụpụtara na Minsk Automobile Plant ruo 525, mgbe nke a gasịrị, e zigara mmepụta ha na obodo Zhodino na Belarusian Automobile Plant nke mepere ọhụrụ.
Ọ ghọrọ BelAZ
Osisi ahụ, nke na-emepụta nnukwu gwongworo ndị na-ekpofu ihe taa, esighị n'ọkụ pụta: e kere ya na ndabere nke Zhodino Mechanical Plant, nke na-emepụta ụgbọ okporo ígwè na ụgbọ ala. Mkpebi nke Central Committee of the CPSU na Council of Ministers of the USSR na ịgbanwe aha ya na Belarusian Automobile Plant bụ ụbọchị Eprel 17, 1958. N'August, Nikolai Ivanovich Derevyanko, bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ dị ka osote onye nduzi nke MAZ, ghọrọ onye mgbasa ozi nke ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ ahụ.
Enyere otu ndị isi ya ọrụ nke ọ bụghị nanị ịhazi mmepụta ngwa ngwa nke MAZ-525 dị mkpa maka mba ahụ, kamakwa ịmepụta usoro mgbakọ maka nke a - ụgbọala ndị na-egwupụta ihe na-eji igwe dị otú ahụ emebeghị ka onye ọ bụla na-emepụta ya. ụwa mbụ.
Zhodino MAZ-525 nke mbụ sitere na ihe ndị a na-enye Minsk gbakọtara na November 1, 1958, na nke a n'agbanyeghị na e tinyebeghị ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa. Ma ugbua na October 1960, mgbe debugged na ebu ahịrị, ulo oru mmepụta nke presses na ịgbado ọkụ, ma marakwa mmepụta nke isi components na mgbakọ dị iche iche, Belarusian Automobile Plant nyefere ndị ahịa otu puku MAZ-525.
Ụgbọ ala mbụ na-ekpofu ihe n'ime ụlọ ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka mmepe nke traktọ gwongworo na ndabere ya. Nke mbụ, na 1952, MAZ-E-525D pụtara, nke e mere iji dọba 15-cc D-189 scraper, ma Belarusian Automobile Plant anwalela MAZ-525, nke nwere ike ịdọrọ otu-axle dump semi-trailer. ụgbọala na-adọkpụ - ụgbọala na-adọkpụ nke e mere iji buru ibu ruru tọn 40 nke nnukwu ibu. Ma ọ dịghị otu ma ọ bụ nke ọzọ na-eji ọtụtụ ebe, tumadi n'ihi ezughị ezu engine ike (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe wụsara ahụ, ọbụna scraper kwesịrị ịkwanye site a pusher ụgbọ ala, otu MAZ-525 na a ndokwasa ballast na etiti. ). Ụgbọala mkpọfu n'ala nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndọghachi azụ dị ịrịba ama. Nke mbụ, ọ bụ n'elu-engineered, oke ọla, adịghị arụ ọrụ nnyefe, obere ọsọ na enweghị nkwusioru n'azụ axle. Ya mere, ugbua na 1960, ndị na-emepụta Belarusian Automobile Plant malitere ịmepụta ụgbọ ala BelAZ-540 dị ọhụrụ, nke ghọrọ nna ochie nke ezinụlọ buru ibu nke Zhodino n'okpuru akara BelAZ. Ọ dochie MAZ-525 na transporter, mmepụta nke e curtailed na 1965.
