Onye agha Bell P-63 Kingcobra
Bell P-63A-9 (42-69644) n'otu ụgbọ elu ule. Eze cobra adọtaghị mmasị dị nta site n'aka ndị agha ikuku US, mana e mepụtara ya n'ọtụtụ buru ibu na mbụ.
maka Soviet Union.
Bell P-63 Kingcobra bụ nke abụọ American laminar nku fighter mgbe Mustang na nanị American otu oche fighter ụgbọ elu efe n'ụdị prototype mgbe Japanese agha na Pearl Harbor, wee banye uka mmepụta n'oge agha. Ọ bụ ezie na R-63 adọtaghị mmasị dị ukwuu site na US Air Force, a na-emepụta ya n'ọtụtụ dị ukwuu maka mkpa nke ndị mmekọ, karịsịa USSR. Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị, ndị agha ikuku France jikwa Kingcobras ọgụ.
N'ọgwụgwụ 1940, ndị na-ahụ maka ụgbọ elu Air Corps na Wright Field, Ohio, malitere ikwere na P-39 Airacobra agaghị eme ezigbo onye na-arụ ọrụ dị elu dị elu. Ọganihu dị egwu n'ọnọdụ ahụ nwere ike iweta naanị iji injin dị ike na mbelata ihe ndọtị ikuku. Nhọrọ ahụ dabara na injin mmiri jụrụ oyi nke 12-cylinder in-line V nke nwere igwe oyi Continental V-1430-1 nwere ike kacha nke 1600-1700 hp. N'afọ ndị gara aga, United States Air Force (USAAC) tinyere nnukwu ego na mmepe ya, na-ahụ ya dị ka ihe ọzọ na engine Allison V-1710. N'otu afọ ahụ, Kọmitii Advisory Mba maka Aeronautics (NACA) mere ihe a na-akpọ laminar airfoil dabere na nyocha emere na Langley Memorial Aviation Laboratory (LMAL) nke UCLA gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Eastman Nixon Jacobs. A kọwara profaịlụ ọhụrụ ahụ site n'eziokwu na oke ya dị site na 40 ruo 60 percent. chords (profaịlụ omenala nwere oke ọkpụrụkpụ nke na-erughị 25% nke eriri). Nke a na-enye ohere ka laminar (enweghị mgbagwoju anya) na-agafe n'akụkụ nku ka ukwuu, nke n'aka nke ya mere ka ịdọrọ ikuku ikuku dị ntakịrị. Ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị ọrụ agha tụrụ anya na nchikota nke injin dị ike na ikuku ikuku emelitere nke ọma ga-eduga n'ịmepụta onye na-eme ihe na-aga nke ọma.
N'etiti February 1941, ndị na-emepụta Bell Aircraft Corporation zutere ndị nnọchiteanya nke ngalaba ihe iji kwurịta ohere nke ịmepụta onye agha ọhụrụ. Bell nyefere aro abụọ, Model 23, P-39 emegharịrị nwere injin V-1430-1, yana Model 24, ụgbọ elu nku laminar ọhụrụ. Nke mbụ na-adị ngwa ngwa iji mejuputa ma ọ bụrụhaala na engine ọhụrụ dị n'oge. Nke abụọ chọrọ oge ka ukwuu maka usoro nyocha na mmepe, mana nsonaazụ ikpeazụ kwesịrị ịkarịrị mma. Atụmatụ abụọ a dọtara uche nke USAAC wee bute mmepe nke XP-39E (akpọtụrụ na isiokwu P-39 Airacobra) na P-63 Kingcobra. Na Eprel 1, Bell nyefere nkọwa zuru ezu maka Model 24 na ngalaba akụrụngwa, yana atụmatụ ọnụ ahịa. Mgbe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọnwa abụọ nke mkparịta ụka, na June 27, Bell e nyere nkwekọrịta nọmba W535-ac-18966 maka owuwu nke abụọ efe Model 24 prototypes, họpụtara XP-63 (Oghere Usoro nọmba 41-19511 na 41-19512; XR-631-). 1) na ule static na ike ọgwụgwụ nke ikuku ikuku nke ala.
Ọrụ ahụ
Ọrụ na mbido mbụ nke Model 24 malitere na njedebe nke 1940. Nkà na ụzụ nke XP-63 e rụrụ site Eng. Daniel J. Fabrisi, Jr. Ụgbọ elu ahụ nwere silhouette yiri nke ahụ na P-39, nke bụ n'ihi ịnọgide na-enwe otu atụmatụ atụmatụ ahụ - cantilever dị ala nke nwere ihe mgbada ụgbọ ala nke nwere ike ịgbagha na wheel n'ihu, 37-mm egbe egbe gbagburu site propeller aro, engine dị nso n'etiti ike ndọda nke Ọdịdị na kokpiiti n'etiti egbe na engine. Nhazi nke ikuku ikuku dị ọhụrụ kpamkpam. N'oge usoro nhazi ahụ, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe niile na-emecha na ihe nhazi, nke mere na n'ikpeazụ, R-39 na R-63 enweghị akụkụ nkịtị. N'iji ya tụnyere R-39D, ogologo ụgbọ elu ahụ abawanyela site na 9,19 ruo 9,97 m, ogologo nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri site na 3962 ruo 4039 mm, egwu nke isi ihe ọdịda site na 3454 ruo 4343 mm, ihe mgbakwasị ụkwụ sitere na isi ala. 3042 mm. ruo 3282 mm. Naanị obosara kachasị nke fuselage, nke obosara nke engine kpebiri, nọgidere na-agbanwe agbanwe ma bụrụ 883 mm. Emeziri mkpuchi mkpuchi kokpiiti ka ọ tinye iko dị larịị 38 mm nwere nnukwu mgbochi mgbọ n'ime mkpuchi ikuku. Ọdụ ahụ kwụ ọtọ nwekwara ọdịdị ọhụrụ. E jikwa kwaaji kpuchiri igwe mbuli elu na nrịba ndị ahụ, e jikwa ígwè kpuchiri ihe ndị e ji akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na flaps ndị ahụ. A gbasaala ogwe ndị a na-ebupụ na oghere iji mee ka ọ dịrị ndị ọrụ arụ ọrụ mfe ịnweta ngwa ọgụ na akụrụngwa.
Otú ọ dị, ihe ọhụrụ kachasị mkpa bụ NACA 66 (215) -116/216 laminar airfoil nku. N'adịghị ka nku nke P-39, ha nwere nhazi nke dabeere na ogwe abụọ - isi na inye aka n'azụ, nke na-arụ ọrụ iji tinye ailerons na flaps. Mmụba nke mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ sitere na 2506 ruo 2540 mm na ogologo site na 10,36 ruo 11,68 m mere ka mmụba nke elu elu site na 19,81 ruo 23,04 m2. Nku ndị ahụ dabara na fuselage n'akụkụ 1°18' ma nwee ịrị elu nke 3°40'. Kama sashes agụ iyi, a na-eji flaps eme ihe. Ụdị 1: 2,5 na 1:12 nke nku, ọdụ na ụgbọ elu dum ka anwalela nke ukwuu na ọwara ifufe NACA LMAL na Langley Field, Virginia na Wright Field. Nnwale ndị ahụ gosipụtara izi ezi nke echiche Jacobs ma n'otu oge ahụ kwere ka ndị na-emepụta Bell mee ka nhazi nke ailerons na flaps dị mma, yana ọdịdị nke glycol na mmanụ nju oyi ikuku.
Ihe ọghọm dị na nku laminar airfoil nku bụ na, ka ha wee na-ejigide akụrụngwa ikuku ha, ha ga-enwe ihu dị larịị nke ukwuu, na-enweghị ihe nrịbama na ọnya nke nwere ike imebi ikuku. Ndị ọkachamara NACA na ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere nchegbu ma usoro mmepụta oke nwere ike imepụtaghachi ọdịdị nke profaịlụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi. Iji nwalee nke a, ndị ọrụ Bell mere ụzọ nnwale nke nku ọhụrụ, n'amaghị ihe ha bụ. Mgbe a nwalechara n'ọwara ikuku LMAL, ọ tụgharịrị na nku ahụ na-ezute ọkọlọtọ etinyere.
