Kedu ọgwụ mgbochi agaghị esi na ifriizi

Ọzọ ule nke ụgbọ ala coolants, nke anyị haziri na njedebe nke a oyi, ọzọ gosiri na ọnọdụ a udi nke ngwaahịa na anyị ahịa bụ kama unsightly. Ihe puru omume nke inweta antifreeze dị ala na-egbu mgbu dị elu ...

Nsogbu nke ọnụnọ na ahịa nke nnukwu ego nke antifreeze dị ala ka amatara afọ ole na ole gara aga, mgbe ndị ọrụ ibe m si na akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ ụgbọ ala na m na-eduzi ule zuru oke nke antifreezes. Nsonaazụ ya gosiri na akụkụ dị ukwuu nke ihe nlele ndị a nwalere n'oge ahụ eruteghị njiri mara ọkwa. Oke nsogbu ahụ na-akawanye njọ site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na igwe oyibo akpaaka bụ ihe a na-eri na-agba ọsọ nke na-achọsi ike. Ma ọ bụ ihe ijuanya na taa a uka nke coolants, iche iche na okwu nke ha arụmọrụ parameters, nọchiri anya ma anụ ụlọ na mba ọzọ ụdị, eruba n'ime a chọrọ ahịa nke. Enwere ọtụtụ n'ime ha, mana ọ bụghị ha niile dabara adaba maka ojiji.

Ọnọdụ a na-akawanye njọ site na eziokwu ahụ bụ na Russia anabatabeghị usoro nhazi nke kwesịrị ịhazi coolants na guzobe parameters, yana nhazi na ntinye nke ihe ndị a na-eji na mmepụta ha. Naanị akwụkwọ iwu gbasara antifreezes (ya bụ, coolants dị ala) ka bụ GOST 28084-89 ochie, nke eweghachiri azụ n'oge Soviet Union. Site n'ụzọ, ndokwa nke akwụkwọ a na-emetụta naanị mmiri mmiri na-adabere na ethylene glycol (MEG).

Ọnọdụ a na-atọhapụ n'ezie aka nke ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adịghị akwụwa aka ọtọ bụ ndị, n'ịchụso uru, na-ejikarị ihe ndị na-adịghị mma na-emekarị ihe dị ize ndụ. The atụmatụ ebe a bụ dị ka ndị a: ọchụnta ego ịzụlite ha coolant uzommeputa si ọnụ ala components na ise ya n'ụdị ụfọdụ teknuzu nkọwa (TU), mgbe nke ahụ ha na-amalite uka-ahụ ha ngwaahịa.

Otu n'ime nhọrọ ndị a na-ahụkarị maka “antifirize” bodyagi bụ iji ngwakọta nnọchi nke nwere glycerin dị ọnụ ala yana methanol dị ọnụ ala kama ịdị oke ọnụ MEG. Akụkụ abụọ a na-emerụ ahụ nke ukwuu na sistemu jụrụ oyi. Ya mere, dịka ọmụmaatụ, glycerin na-enye aka na uto nke ọrụ corrosion, karịsịa na ọwa jụrụ oyi nke ngọngọ cylinder, ọ nwere nnukwu viscosity (nke dị ọtụtụ iri ugboro karịa nke ethylene glycol) na ụbara njupụta, nke na-eduga n'ịbawanye ngwa ngwa. uwe mgbapụta. Site n'ụzọ, naanị iji n'ụzọ ụfọdụ belata viscosity na njupụta nke coolant, ụlọ ọrụ na-agbakwunyere ya ọzọ na-emerụ ihe - methanol.

Ihe ọṅụṅụ na-aba n'anya, anyị na-echeta, bụ nke ụdị ọgwụ ọjọọ dị ize ndụ. Iwu amachibidoro iji ya na mmepụta nke ngwaahịa oriri na-edozi ahụ, mmebi nke na-eyi egwu ntaramahụhụ nchịkwa siri ike. Agbanyeghị, nke a bụ naanị otu, akụkụ iwu. Iji mmanya methyl na sistemu jụrụ oyi bụkwa nke teknụzụ anabataghị, ebe methanol na-emebi akụkụ ya na mgbakọ ya. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na ngwọta mmiri methyl mmanya na okpomọkụ nke 50 Celsius C na n'elu na-amalite imekọrịta ihe na aluminum na aluminum alloys, na-ebibi ha. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmekọrịta dị otú ahụ dị oke elu ma bụrụ nke a na-apụghị iji tụnyere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke corrosion nke ọla. Ndị chemists na-akpọ usoro a etching, na okwu a na-ekwu maka onwe ya.

Mana nke a bụ naanị akụkụ nke nsogbu nke "methanol" antifreeze na-emepụta. Ngwaahịa dị otú ahụ nwere ebe isi mmiri dị ala (ihe dị ka 64 Celsius C), ya mere methanol na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbanwe site na sekit jụrụ oyi. N'ihi ya, coolant na-anọgide n'ebe ahụ, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke na-adịghị ekwekọ ma ọlị na mkpa thermal paramita nke engine. N'oge okpomọkụ, na ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, mmiri mmiri dị otú ahụ na-esi ngwa ngwa, na-emepụta plọg na sekit mgbasa ozi, nke na-eduga na ikpo ọkụ nke moto. N'oge oyi, n'oge oyi, ọ nwere ike ịghọ ice ma gbanyụọ mgbapụta ahụ. Dị ka ndị ọkachamara si kwuo, ihe ndị dị n'otu n'otu nke sistemu sistemu jụrụ oyi, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị na-agbapụta mmiri na-agbapụta mmiri, nke na-ebukwa ibu dị elu, na-ebibi methanol-glycerin antifreeze n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu oge.

Ọ bụ ya mere ule ugbu a, nke a haziri ọnụ na ozi na analytical portal "Avtoparad", isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya bụ ịchọpụta ngwaahịa ndị na-abaghị uru nwere mmanya methyl. Maka nnwale, anyị na-ahọrọ nke zụrụ iri na abụọ samples nke dị iche iche antifreezes na antifreezes, nke a zụtara na mmanụ ụgbọala, isi obodo na Moscow mpaghara ahịa ụgbọ ala, yana ndị na-ere ahịa ụgbọ ala. A na-ebufe karama niile nwere coolants n'otu n'ime ụlọ nyocha nyocha nke 25th State Research Institute of Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, nke ndị ọkachamara na-eduzi ọmụmụ ihe niile dị mkpa.

Antifriza ị na-ekwesịghị ịzụta

N'ikwu ya n'ezoghị ọnụ, nsonaazụ ikpeazụ nke ule ngwaahịa a na-eme na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha adịghị eme ka e nwee nchekwube. Onyeikpe maka onwe gị: n'ime mmiri 12 nke anyị zụtara maka ule, a chọpụtara methanol na isii (na nke a bụ ọkara nke ihe atụ), na nnukwu ego (ruo 18%). Eziokwu a na-egosipụtakwa nnukwu nsogbu nke metụtara ihe ize ndụ nke ịnweta ọgwụ mgbochi dị ize ndụ na nke dị ala na ahịa anyị. N'ime ndị sonyere ule ahụ, ndị a gụnyere: Alaska Tosol -40 (Tektron), Antifreeze OZH-40 (Volga-Oil), Pilots Antifreeze Green Line -40 (Streksten), Antifreeze -40 Sputnik G12 na Antifreeze OZH-40 (ha abụọ mepụtara site na ya. Promsintez), yana Antifreeze A-40M Northern Standard (NPO Organic-Progress).

Na-alaghachi kpọmkwem na nsonaazụ ule ahụ, anyị na-achọpụta na ihe ngosi okpomọkụ nke "methanol" coolants adịghị emegide nkatọ. Ya mere, ebe ha na-esi esi, nke, dị ka nkebi nke 4.5 nke TU 6-57-95-96 si kwuo, ekwesịghị ịda n'okpuru +108 degrees, n'eziokwu bụ 90-97 degrees, nke dị ala karịa isi mmiri nke mmiri nkịtị. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, enwere ike na moto nwere nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe mgbochi isii a nwere ike esi nri (karịsịa n'oge okpomọkụ) dị oke elu. Ọnọdụ ahụ adịghị mma na okpomọkụ nke mmalite nke crystallization. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nlele niile nwere methanol anaghị anabata ntu oyi nke ogo 40 nke ọkọlọtọ ụlọ ọrụ nyere, yana ihe nlele Antifreeze -40 Sputnik G12 jụrụ oyi na -30 Celsius. N'otu oge ahụ, ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na-ekpo ọkụ, na-enweghị akọ na uche ọ bụla, na-egosi na akara ngosi na ngwaahịa ha na-ezute nkọwa nke Audi, BMW, Volkswagen, Opel, Toyota, Volvo ...

 

Antifreezes na-emezu ihe achọrọ nke ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ ala

Ugbu a, ka anyị na-ekwu banyere elu-edu coolants, onye parameters bụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'ime ụkpụrụ. E gosipụtara nsonaazụ mara mma na ule ahụ site n'aka ndị niile na-emepụta antifirizi, ma ndị Russia ma ndị mba ọzọ. Ndị a bụ ụdị ụlọ na-ewu ewu dị ka CoolStream (Technoform, Klimovsk), Sintec (Obninskorgsintez, Obninsk), Felix (Tosol-Sintez-Invest, Dzerzhinsk), Niagara (Niagara, Nizhny Novgorod). Site na ngwaahịa si mba ọzọ, ụdị Liqui Moly (Germany) na Bardahl (Belgium) sonyere na ule ahụ. Ha na-arụpụtakwa nnukwu ihe. A na-eme antifreezes niile edepụtara na ndabere nke MEG, nke na-ekpebi oke arụmọrụ ha. Karịsịa, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ha niile nwere nnukwu oke ma n'ihe banyere nguzogide ntu oyi na ebe esi mmiri.

Sintec Premium G12 + mgbochi friza

Dị ka nsonaazụ nke ule ugbu a si kwuo, Sintec Premium G12 + antifreeze nwere oke nguzogide ntu oyi - okpomọkụ nke crystallization bụ -42 C kama ọkọlọtọ -40 C. Ọ bụ Obninskorgsintez na-emepụta ngwaahịa ahụ dabere na teknụzụ nchịkọta organic kachasị ọhụrụ sitere na. Ethylene glycol nke ọkwa dị elu yana ngwungwu ihe mgbakwunye na-arụ ọrụ ebubatara. Ekele maka nke ikpeazụ, Sintec Premium G12 + antifreeze na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-eguzogide corrosion na ọ naghị emepụta nkwụnye ego n'ime ime nke sistemu jụrụ oyi. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ọ nwere ihe ndị na-emepụta mmanụ dị irè nke na-agbatị ndụ nke mgbapụta mmiri. Antifreeze nwere nkwado sitere n'aka ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ ala a ma ama (Volkswagen, MAN, FUZO KAMAZ Trucks Rus) ma akwadoro maka iji ya na ụgbọ ala ndị njem nke mmepụta ụlọ na nke mba ọzọ, gwongworo na ụgbọ ala ndị ọzọ nwere ọnọdụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ siri ike. Ọnụ ego a tụrụ anya maka 1 lita - 120 rubles.

 

Liqui Moly radiator antifreeze GTL 12 Plus

Ụlọ ọrụ German Liqui Moly mepụtara Langzeit Kuhlerfrostschutz GTL 12 Plus coolant ebubata, nke nwere ahụmahụ dị ukwuu na mmepụta nke mmiri na mmanụ dị iche iche nke ụgbọ ala. Ngwaahịa a bụ ihe mejupụtara mbụ nke ọgbọ ọhụrụ, nke emepụtara site na iji monoethylene glycol na ngwugwu teknụzụ dị elu nke mgbakwunye pụrụ iche dabere na acid carboxylic organic. Dị ka ọmụmụ anyị gosipụtara, antifreeze a nwere arụmọrụ okpomọkụ dị mma, na-ahụ maka ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma nke sistemu jụrụ oyi na nso -45 ° C ruo + 110 ° C. Dị ka ndị mmepe n'onwe ha na-ekwu, antifreeze na-eguzogide nke ọma electrochemical corrosion nke ọla, nakwa dị ka elu okpomọkụ corrosion nke aluminum alloys. Ndị na-anya ụgbọ ala ụwa nwalere coolant ugboro ugboro, na-ebute nkwado sitere na Audi, BMW, DaimlerCrysler, Ford, Porsche, Seat, Skoda. Anyị na-arịba ama na Langzeit Kuhlerfrostschutz GTL 12 Plus na-agwakọta ya na ọkọlọtọ G12 antifreezes (na-emekarị ese red), nakwa dị ka ọkọlọtọ G11 antifreezes. Ogologo oge ngbanwe akwadoro bụ afọ 5. Atụmatụ ọnụ ahịa maka 1 lita - 330 rubles.

Ọkọlọtọ CoolStream

CoolStream Standard carboxylate antifreeze bụ nke Technoform na-emepụta, otu n'ime ndị isi na-emepụta ihe na-ekpo ọkụ nke Russia. Ọ bụ ntụ oyi nke ethylene glycol nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche nwere teknụzụ carboxylate OAT (Teknụzụ Acid Acid). Emere ya site na Arteco (Belgium) Corrosion Inhibitor BSB ma bụrụ ezigbo oyiri (rebrand) nke Antifreeze BS-Coolant. Emebere ngwaahịa a maka sistemụ jụrụ oyi nke mmanụ ụgbọ ala na mmanụ dizel nke ma mba ofesi na mmepụta ụlọ. O nwere ihe mgbakwunye sitere na Arteco (Belgium), njikọ aka n'etiti Chevron na Total, nke bụ nkwa maka ịdịmma CoolStream carboxylate antifreezes niile. O zuru ezu ikwu na CoolStream Standard zutere ụkpụrụ mba ụwa abụọ siri ike: American ASTM D3306 na British BS 6580, na ndụ ọrụ ya ruru 150 km na-enweghị nnọchi. Dabere na nsonaazụ ụlọ nyocha, bench na ule oké osimiri nke CoolStream Standard antifreeze, nkwado gọọmentị na nkwado maka ojiji sitere na AVTOVAZ, UAZ, KamAZ, GAZ, LiAZ, MAZ na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala Russia ndị ọzọ enwetala ugbu a.

Felix Carbox G12

Felix Carbox coolant bụ ọgbọ ọhụrụ mgbochi ikuku carboxylate ụlọ. Dabere na nhazi VW, ọ dabara na klas G12 + organic antifreeze. N'oge ule ahụ, ngwaahịa ahụ gosipụtara otu n'ime nsonaazụ kacha mma n'ihe banyere nguzogide ntu oyi (na-eguzogide okpomọkụ dị ala ruo -44 degrees). Rịba ama na Felix Carbox agafeela usoro ule zuru oke na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nke America ABIC Testing Laboratories, nke kwadoro nkwekọ zuru oke na ụkpụrụ mba ụwa ASTM D 3306, ASTM D 4985, ASTM D 6210, nke na-achịkwa ihe ndị a chọrọ maka njirimara teknụzụ na ịdịmma nke ụwa. coolants. Ugbu a, ngwaahịa ahụ nwere nkwenye site n'aka ọtụtụ ndị mba ọzọ yana ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ ala, gụnyere AvtoVAZ na KAMAZ, GAZ, YaMZ na TRM.

Emebere Felix Carbox site na ọkwa monoethylene glycol nke adịchaghị mma, nke edobere nke ọma ultra pure demineralized mmiri yana ngwugwu mgbakwunye carboxylic acid pụrụ iche. Ojiji nke mgbochi friza na-enye mmụba dị elu ruo mgbe nnọchi ya na-esote (ruo 250 km), ma ọ bụrụhaala na agwakọtaghị ngwaahịa ahụ na ụdị oyi ndị ọzọ.

Niagara RED G12+

Niagara RED G12+ mgbochi friza bụ ọgbọ ọhụrụ jụrụ oyi nke ndị ọkachamara Niagara PKF mepụtara. Emepụtara ngwaahịa a site na iji teknụzụ carboxylate Extended Life Coolant Technology pụrụ iche, otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa ya bụ ikike imepụta oyi akwa mkpuchi nwere ntụpọ n'ebe corrosion na-amalite ịmalite. Nke a dị mma nke antifreeze na-enye ya ogologo oge ngbanwe (ruo afọ 5 nke arụ ọrụ mgbe emejuchara usoro jụrụ oyi ma ọ bụ 250 km nke ọsọ). Anyị rịba ama na Niagara RED G000 + coolant agafeela usoro ule zuru oke maka nnabata na ụkpụrụ mba ụwa ASTM D12, ASTM D3306 na ABIC Testing Laboratories, USA. Na mgbakwunye, antifreeze nwere nkwado gọọmentị nke AvtoVAZ, yana ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala Russia ndị ọzọ, maka mbufe mmanụ na ebu.

N'oge ule ahụ, Niagara RED G12+ antifreeze gosipụtara nke kachasị (n'etiti ndị ọzọ sonyere ule) oke nguzogide ntu oyi (ruo -46 Celsius). Site na ihe ngosi okpomọkụ dị otú ahụ, enwere ike iji coolant a na mpaghara niile nke Russia. Akụkụ pụrụ iche nke akpa Niagara G12 Plus Red bụ spout na-adaba adaba nke na-eme ka ọ dị mfe imeju mmiri mmiri n'ime sistemu jụrụ oyi. Ọnụ ego a tụrụ anya maka 1 lita - 100 rubles.

Bardahl Universal Concentrate

Ntụnye ọgwụ mgbochi mgbochi mbụ nke Belgium emepụtara na ndabere nke monoethylene glycol site na iji ngwugwu ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ihe mgbakwunye carboxylate. Akụkụ pụrụ iche nke ngwaahịa a bụ ntụgharị ya - antifirize dabere na ya na-agwakọta ya na ụdị ọ bụla nke organic na mineral coolants, n'agbanyeghị agba, gụnyere antifirizi. N'oge ule ahụ, ọ bụghị nanị na ngwaahịa ahụ kwadoro ihe ngosi okpomọkụ nke ekwuputara, ma ọbụna mee ka ha dịkwuo mma. Dị ka ndị nnọchianya nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, antifreeze na-eguzogide nke ọma electrochemical corrosion nke ọla, nakwa dị ka elu okpomọkụ corrosion nke aluminum alloys. A na-atụ aro ka onye na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ maka engines nke chọrọ ka ọ dịkwuo mma ikpo ọkụ - engines accelerated nke ukwuu, engines turbocharged. Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na Bardahl Universal Concentrate na-anọpụ iche na ọla dị iche iche na alloys, ma ọ bụ ọla, ọla kọpa, alloy ígwè, nkedo ígwè ma ọ bụ aluminom. Mgbochi anaghị emetụta ngwaahịa rọba na rọba nke sistemu jụrụ oyi. Site na arụ ọrụ na sistemu jụrụ oyi nke ụgbọ ala ndị njem nwere ike iru 250 km, na ndụ ọrụ a na-ekwe nkwa ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 000. N'okwu, ngwaahịa kwesịrị ekwesị. Atụmatụ echere maka 5 liter nke itinye uche - 1 rubles.

Yabụ, kedu nkwubi okwu enwere ike nweta nsonaazụ ule a? Nke mbụ, ekwesịrị icheta na n'ahịa, na mgbakwunye na ngwaahịa dị mma nke ụdị ndị a ma ama, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe na-ekpo ọkụ nke ụdị ndị ọzọ, ma dị anya site na àgwà kacha mma. Yabụ ọ bụrụ na ị bụghị ọkachamara teknụzụ, soro iwu ole na ole dị mfe. Nke mbụ, jiri antifrize nke ndị nrụpụta ụgbọ ala gị kwadoro. Ọ bụrụ na ịnweghị ike ịchọta oyi oyi dị otú ahụ - họrọ otu ụdị mgbochi mgbochi ka akwadoro maka ụgbọ ala gị, mana ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala ndị ọzọ ga-akwadorịrị ya. Ọ dịghịkwa mgbe ewere okwu nke ndị na-ere ụgbọ ala na-atụgharị "superantifreezes" ha. Site n'ụzọ, ọ bụghị ihe siri ike ịlele izi ezi nke data ekwuputara. Iji dokwuo anya ozi gbasara ịdị adị nke ndidi, mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ ga-ezuru ileba anya na akwụkwọ ọrụ, akwụkwọ ụgbọ ala, weebụsaịtị nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala na ndị na-emepụta ihe mgbochi. Mgbe ịzụrụ, ṅaa ntị na nkwakọ ngwaahịa - na ụfọdụ karama, ndị na-emepụta ihe na-ejikọta akara "Enweghị glycerin" - iji kpochapụ obi abụọ banyere àgwà ngwaahịa ha.

Site n'ụzọ, maka nsogbu niile e kwuru n'elu na engine jụrụ oyi usoro mere site na ojiji nke glycerin-methanol antifreezes, taa ọ ga-ekwe omume na dị mkpa na-azọrọ megide ha na-emepụta. Enwere ihe mgbakwasị ụkwụ maka nke a, gụnyere ndị anabatara na ọkwa gọọmentị etiti. Cheta na na njedebe nke afọ gara aga, Board nke Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC), site na mkpebi ya nke 162, gbanwere ihe ndị dị n'otu Sanitary na Epidemiological Requirements na Usoro Nkà na Ụzụ nke Customs Union "On chọrọ maka Lubricants, Mmanụ na Mmiri pụrụ iche" (TR TS 030/2012) . Dị ka mkpebi a si dị, a ga-ewebata mmachi siri ike na ọdịnaya nke mmanya methyl na coolants - ọ gaghị agafe 0,05%. Mkpebi a abanyelarị ike, ma ugbu a onye nwe ụgbọ ala ọ bụla nwere ike itinye, n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro, ka ozu njikwa (nleba anya) na-achọ ụgwọ maka mmebi nke ihe onwunwe sitere na iji ngwaahịa na-adabaghị na teknụzụ. ụkpụrụ. Akwụkwọ nke Eurasian Economic Commission dị irè na mpaghara mba ise bụ ndị òtù EEC: Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia na Kyrgyzstan.