USS Hornet, akụkụ 2
Onye mbibi ahụ "Russell" na-ebuli ndị na-ebu ụgbọ elu "Hornet" ikpeazụ dị ndụ na mmiri. Foto NHHC
N'elekere 10:25 nke ụtụtụ, onye na-ebu ụgbọ elu nọ na-anyagharị na anwụrụ ọkụ, na-edepụta na ụgbọ mmiri. Mwakpo ahụ niile were naanị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke elekere. Ndị na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na ndị na-ebibi ihe kpụrụ mgbanaka nchebe gburugburu Hornet wee gbaa gburugburu na elekere 23, na-eche maka mmepe ndị ọzọ.
N'etiti afọ 30, iwu nke US Army Air Corps (USAAC) malitere ịghọta adịghị ike nke ndị agha ha, bụ nke, n'ihe banyere imewe, àgwà na ngwá agha, malitere ịpụta nke ọma megide ndabere nke ụwa. ndị ndu. Ya mere, e kpebiri ịmalite mmemme maka inweta onye agha ọhụrụ dị elu (nchụso). Isi ihe na-eme ka ihe ịga nke ọma bụ injin inline dị ike nke jụrụ oyi. Ọ bụ ezie na n'ihi na ọnụnọ nke nnukwu jụrụ usoro (radiators, nozzles, tankị, nfuli), ndị dị otú ahụ engines ndị ọzọ mgbagwoju na mfe imebi karịa ikuku jụrụ radial engines (nwụnye ụgbọ elu na ọnwụ nke coolant ewepu ụgbọ elu si ọgụ), ma. ha nwere mpaghara obe dị ntakịrị karịa, nke mere ka o kwe omume ịkwalite mmepe ikuku nke ikuku ikuku ma belata ịdọrọ na, si otú ahụ, melite arụmọrụ. Mba ndị Europe na-eduga na mmepe nke teknụzụ ụgbọ elu - Great Britain, France, Germany - ji igwe inline mee ihe iji kwalite ụdị ndị agha ha ọhụrụ.
Mmasị kasịnụ n'etiti ndị agha bụ Allison V-12 1710-cylinder in-line mmiri jụrụ engine. Otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọzọ, n'oge ahụ ọ bụ nanị engine American nke ụdị nke nwere ike izute atụmanya nke ndị agha. Injin B-1710-C1 a haziri nke ọma mepụtara 1933 hp na 750, afọ anọ ka e mesịrị gafere ule bench nke awa 150 nke ọma, na-ebuga ike 1000 hp na ọkwa oke osimiri. na 2600 rpm. Ndị injinia Allison tụrụ anya ịbawanye ike ruo 1150 hp n'ime obere oge. Nke a kpaliri USAAC ịmata V-1710 C-usoro engine dị ka isi ike maka ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ụgbọ elu ọgụ, karịsịa ndị agha.
Ná mmalite May 1936, ndị ọkachamara sitere na ngalaba logistics nke Wright Field Air Corps (Ohio) chepụtara ihe mbụ achọrọ maka onye agha ọhụrụ. Oke ọsọ setịpụrụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala 523 km / h (325 mph) na 6096 m na 442 km / h (275 mph) na ọkwa oke osimiri, oge ụgbọ elu na oke ọsọ otu elekere, oge ịrị elu 6096 m - ihe na-erughị nkeji 5, ọsọ- elu na mpịakọta (na ihe mgbaru ọsọ na n'elu lekwasịrị anya 15 m elu) - ihe na-erughị 457 m. Otú ọ dị, e nyeghị nkọwa teknụzụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, n'ihi na USAAC na-ekwu maka nhọpụta nke onye agha ọhụrụ yana otu esi enweta ọrụ dị elu dị otú ahụ. E kpebisiri ike na isi ọrụ ya ga-abụ ịlụso nnukwu bọmbụ na-efe efe n'ebe dị elu ọgụ. Ya mere, a tụlere ajụjụ nke iji otu ma ọ bụ abụọ engines na ịkwado ha na turbochargers. Okwu ahụ bụ "nchụso interceptor" pụtara na nke mbụ ya. Ọ tụgharịrị na ụgbọ elu ahụ adịghị mkpa ka ọ rụọ ọrụ nke ọma, ebe ọ bụ na ọ gaghị etinye aka na agha ikuku na-ebuli elu na ndị agha iro. N'oge ahụ, a na-eche na ndị na-atụ bọmbụ n'ebe dị anya agaghị enwe ndị agha na-edu. Agbanyeghị, ihe kacha mkpa bụ ịrị elu na oke ọsọ. N'okwu a, nhọrọ kacha mma yiri ka ọ bụ ejima-engine na-arụ ọrụ nke nwere ike okpukpu abụọ nke usoro mgbasa ozi maka ihe na-erughị okpukpu abụọ nke ibu, akụkụ na drag coefficient. A tụlekwara okwu gbasara ịbawanye ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha mma nke ihe owuwu site na g + 5g ruo g + 8-9 na iji egbe buru ibu were were were were were were were were were were were were were kwado ụgbọ elu dị ka ngwa ọgụ kacha dị irè megide ogbunigwe karịa egbe igwe.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, na June 1936, USAAC nyere iwu ka e mepụta ndị agha 77 Seversky P-35, ndị agha Curtiss P-210A 36 sochiri na ọnwa na-esote. Ụdị abụọ a kwadoro site na Pratt & Whitney R-1830 radial engines na akwụkwọ nwere oke ọsọ nke 452 na 500 km / h (281 na 311 mph) n'otu n'otu na 3048 m. V-1710 kwadoro onye agha lekwasịrị anya. N'ọnwa Nọvemba, Ngalaba Akụrụngwa gbanwere ntakịrị ihe achọrọ maka onye na-anata otu injin. E belatara ọsọ kachasị na ọkwa oke osimiri na 434 km / h (270 mph), ogologo oge ụgbọ elu abawanyela na awa abụọ, na oge ịrị elu na 6096 m abawanyela na nkeji 7. N'oge ahụ, ndị ọkachamara sitere na General Staff of the Air Force (GHQ AF) na Langley Field, Virginia, sonye na mkparịta ụka ahụ ma kwuo na mmụba nke ọsọ kachasị na 579 km / h (360 mph) na elu 6096 m na 467 km / h. (290 mph) na oke osimiri, na-ebelata oge nke ụgbọ elu na ọsọ ọsọ azụ ruo otu awa, na-ebelata oge ịrị elu site na 6096 m ruo 6 nkeji na ibelata oge nkwụsị na oge mpịakọta na 427 m. Mgbe otu ọnwa gasịrị. mkparịta ụka, ihe GHQ AF chọrọ ka ndị ngalaba akụrụngwa kwadoro.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, onye isi May nke USAAC, General Oscar M. Westover, gakwuuru odeakwụkwọ agha Harry Woodring na atụmatụ ịzụta ụdị nke abụọ interceptors - na otu na abụọ engines. Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nkwado maka mmejuputa mmemme ahụ, na March 19, 1937, Ngalaba Materiel nyere nkọwa X-609, na-akọwapụta atụmatụ na teknụzụ chọrọ maka onye na-eme ihe n'otu engine (na mbụ, na February, o wepụtara X yiri ya). -608 nkọwapụta). -38 maka ejima-engine ọgụ, na-eduga na Lockheed P-608). Akpọrọ ya na Bell, Curtiss, North America, Northrop na Sikorsky (X-609 - Consolidated, Lockheed, Vought, Vultee na Hughes). A ga-ewu atụmatụ kacha mma e debere n'otu ọ bụla dị ka ihe atụ, nke n'aka nke ya ga-asọrịta mpi megide ibe ya. Naanị onye meriri asọmpi a ga-abanye na mmepụta usoro. Na nzaghachi na nkọwapụta X-1937, ọ bụ naanị ụlọ ọrụ atọ nyefere aro ha: Bell, Curtiss na Seversky (Ebubeghi nke ikpeazụ n'uche, na ebumnobi isonye na asọmpi ahụ edoghị ya ruo mmalite nke 18). North America, Northrop na Sikorsky hapụrụ asọmpi ahụ. Bell na Curtiss nyefere abụọ nke ọ bụla, ebe Seversky nyefere ise. Ngalaba ihe onwunwe natara atụmatụ Bell na Mee 1937, XNUMX.
N'etiti ọnwa Ọgọst, ndị ọkachamara sitere na Air Corps Directorate malitere nyochaa atụmatụ ndị e debere. Ajuru oru ngo nke na-emezughị opekata mpe otu achọrọ. Nke a bụ akara aka nke ọrụ Seversky's Model AR-3B, nke atụmatụ ịrị elu ya na 6096 m gafere 6 nkeji. Bell Model 3 na Model 4, Curtiss Model 80 na Model 80A na Seversky AP-3 na nsụgharị abụọ na AP-3A oru nọgidere na n'ọgbọ agha. Nlereanya Bell 4 nwetara ọkwa arụmọrụ kachasị elu, sochiri Bell Model 3 na nke atọ, Curtiss Model 80. Ọrụ ndị ọzọ enwetaghị ọbụna ọkara nke ọnụ ọgụgụ isi kachasị elu. Ntụle ahụ echebaraghị ụgwọ nke ịkwadebe akwụkwọ, ịmepụta prototype na ịnwale ihe nlereanya na oghere ikuku, nke n'ihe banyere ụdị 4 bụ PLN 25. dollar dị elu karịa Model 3 na $15k dị elu karịa Model 80.
