nnyefe akpaaka, i.. mfe mmalite na ịnya ụgbọ ala nkasi obi na otu!

Gịnị bụ nnyefe akpaka?

N'ime ụgbọ ala ndị nwere nnyefe akwụkwọ ntuziaka, a chọrọ ọrụ gị ka ị gbanwee gia mgbe ị na-anya ụgbọ ala - ị ga-eji nwayọọ pịa lever n'ụzọ achọrọ. N'aka nke ọzọ, nnyefe akpaka, nke a na-akpọkwa akpaaka, na-atụgharị ngwa ngwa na-akpaghị aka mgbe ị na-anya ụgbọ ala. Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ekwesịghị ime nke a, nke na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mfe itinye uche n'ihe na-eme n'okporo ụzọ. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, na-emetụta nchekwa na ịnya ụgbọ ala ozugbo.  

Okwu ole na ole banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke gearbox 

Igbe gear nke mbụ, na-akabeghị aka, mana akwụkwọ ntuziaka, bụ onye nrụpụta France Rene Panhard mepụtara na 1891. N'oge ahụ ọ bụ naanị igbe 3-speed gearbox, nke etinyere na engine V-ejima nke 1,2 lita. Ọ nwere ogwe 2 nwere ngwo nwere ezé kwụ ọtọ nke dayameta dị iche iche. A na-eme mgbanwe ngwo ọ bụla site na iji ngwaọrụ ụgbọ ala ọhụrụ site na ngwo ndị na-agagharị n'akụkụ axis nke ogwe ahụ ma na-etinye aka na wiil nke a na-agbanye n'akụkụ ogwe dị n'akụkụ. N'aka nke ya, a na-ebufe draịva ahụ site na iji eriri mbanye na wiil azụ. Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ahụ kwesịrị igosipụta nka dị ukwuu iji gbanwee ngwo, na ihe niile n'ihi na igbe gear nke mbụ enweghị synchronizers.

Ụzọ maka izu oke, ma ọ bụ otu esi emepụta nnyefe akpaka

Emepụtara mbufe mbufe akpaaka na 1904 na Boston, USA, na nkuzi nke ụmụnna Sturtevant. Ndị na-emepụta ihe ahụ jiri gia abụọ na-aga n'ihu wee jiri ike centrifugal rụọ ọrụ. Ịtụgharị site n'obere ala gaa na gia dị elu fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akpaka ka mmụgharị engine na-abawanye. Mgbe ọsọ ndị a dara, usoro nnyefe akpaka na-adaba na gia dị ala. Nhazi mbụ nke nnyefe akpaaka tụgharịrị bụrụ nke na-ezughị okè ma na-adakarị mbà, tumadi n'ihi iji ihe ndị dị ala na-emepụta ya.

Enyemaka dị ukwuu maka mmepe nke automata n'ime ụgbọ ala bụ Henry Ford, bụ onye wuru ụgbọ ala T Model na, n'ụzọ, chepụtara igbe mbara ala nke nwere ihe abụọ na-aga n'ihu na azụ azụ. Enweghị ike ịkpọ njikwa ya nke ọma, n'ihi na. onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na-eji pedal chịkwaa ngwo ahụ, mana ọ dị mfe otú ahụ. N'oge ahụ, a na-eme ka nnyefe akpaka dị mfe ma tinye eriri hydraulic na ngwa mbara ala.

Ọkachamara usoro mgbasa ozi nke ọkara akpaka, nke ji njigide ọdịnala na ngwa mbara ala arụ ọrụ hydraulically, bụ General Motors na REO chepụtara n'oge oge interwar. N'aka nke ya, akara Chrysler mepụtara ihe eji eme ihe nke na-eji eriri hydraulic akpaka na nnyefe akwụkwọ ntuziaka. Ewepụrụ otu n'ime pedal n'ime ụgbọ ala ahụ, mana gia ka dị. Igbe igbe igbe Selespeed ma ọ bụ Tiptronic dabere na ngwọta nke ọkara akpaka.

Hydra-matic, nke mbụ hydraulic akpaka nnyefe

Onye mbụ batara n'imepụta oke bụ igbe akpaaka hydraulic - hydra-matic.. E ji ụgbọ ala rụọ ha. Ọ dị iche na ọ nwere ngwo anọ na azụ azụ. N'usoro, o nwere igbe mbara ala na njikọ mmiri, n'ihi ya, ọ dịghị mkpa ka ọ kwụpụ ya. 

Na May 1939, obere oge tupu ntiwapụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, General Motors webatara Oldsmobile-branded Hydra-matic nnyefe ụgbọ ala site na afọ nlereanya 1940, nke ghọrọ nhọrọ na Cadillac ụgbọ ala njem otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị. Ọ tụgharịrị na ndị ahịa chọsiri ike ịzụta ụgbọ ala nwere nnyefe akpaaka, yabụ GM malitere inye ikike nnyefe hydraulic. Ejiri ụdị dị ka Rolls Royce, Lincoln, Bentley na Nash zụta ya. Mgbe agha 1948 gasịrị, Hydra-matic ghọrọ nhọrọ na ụdị Pontiac. 

Ngwọta ndị ọzọ ejiri na nnyefe akpaaka 

Chevrolet na Buick ejighi ikikere GM mana ha mepụtara ahụ nke ha. Buick jiri ihe ntụgharị torque mepụta Dynaflow kama ijigide hydraulic. Chevrolet, n'aka nke ọzọ, ji Powerglide imewe, nke na-eji ihe ntụgharị ngwa ngwa abụọ na ngwa hydraulic planetary.

Mgbe mkparịta ụka mbụ ya na Studebaker gachara maka ohere nke inye ikikere nnyefe akpaaka DG, Ford jiri ngwa mbugharị 3 na otu azụ azụ, nke jiri ihe ntụgharị ntụgharị na igbe mbara ala.

Mmepe nke mgbasa ozi na-akpaghị aka gbagoro na 1980s ekele Harry Webster nke Ngwaahịa Automotive, bụ onye chepụtara echiche nke iji eriri abụọ. Nfefe njigide abụọ nke DSG na-ewepụ ihe ntụgharị ntụgharị nke ejiri na mgbasa ozi akpaaka nke ụwa. Ngwọta dị ugbu a site na iji mmanụ bat okpukpu abụọ clutch nnyefe. Ụdị na nke a na-akpọ. akọrọ njide. Ụgbọ ala mmepụta mbụ nwere nnyefe DSG bụ 4 Volkswagen Golf Mk32 R2003.

Kedu ka nnyefe akpaka si arụ ọrụ?

N'oge a, a na-etinye nnyefe akpaaka, nke a na-akpọ nnyefe akpaaka, n'ụgbọ ala nke ụdị dị iche iche na ngwa mgbanwe na-akpaghị aka. Onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ekwesịghị iji aka ya mee nke a, yabụ na ọ nwere ike ijikwa ụgbọ ala ahụ nke ọma na-achịkwaghị oke gia dabere na ọsọ injin a na-eru ugbu a.

Ụgbọ ala ndị nwere nnyefe akpaaka nwere naanị pedal abụọ - breeki na osooso. Achọghị clutch ekele maka iji ngwọta hydrokinetic, nke a na-eme site na otu akpaka.

Olee otú iji zere malfunctions na mkpa nke akpaka nnyefe mmezi? 

Site n'ịgbaso iwu ole na ole bụ isi maka iji igwe, ị ga-ezere ndakpọ ahụkarị. Iji gbochie nrụzi nnyefe akpaka ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị mkpa:

• agbanwela ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa na na mberede;
• weta ụgbọ ala ahụ na nkwụsị zuru oke tupu itinye aka na reverse gear, wee họrọ R (reverse). Igbe gear ga-etinye aka ngwa ngwa ma ị ga-enwe ike ịpị pedal gas ka ụgbọ ala ahụ laghachi azụ;
• kwụsị ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụrụ na ị họrọ ọzọ ọnọdụ maka akpaka nnyefe - P (Parking mode), nke e bu n'obi na-adọba ụgbọala mgbe ọ kwụsịrị na-adọba ụgbọala ma ọ bụ N (Neutral) ọnọdụ mgbe ụgbọala.

Ọ bụrụ na ị pịa pedal osooso siri ike mgbe ị na-anya ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụ na-amalite, ị ga-emebi nnyefe akpaka gị. Nke a nwere ike iduga n'ike nke nnyefe.

Mmanụ gbanwere na nnyefe akpaka

Mgbe ị na-eji nnyefe akpaka, jide n'aka na ị na-elele ọkwa mmanụ mgbe niile. Mgbanwe mmanụ na nnyefe akpaka ga-emerịrị n'ime oge enyere ma gosipụta ya site n'aka onye nrụpụta ụgbọ ala. Gịnị mere o ji dị mkpa otú ahụ? Ọfọn, ọ bụrụ na ị na-ahapụ mmanụ eji eme ihe ruo ogologo oge ma ọ bụ ọkwa dị oke egwu, ọ nwere ike ime ka ihe ndị na-ebufe ihe jide ma daa. Ndozi nnyefe akpaaka n'ọnọdụ dị otú a, o yikarịrị, ga-emebi gị ọnụ ahịa dị elu.

Cheta ịhọrọ mmanụ nnyefe akpaka ziri ezi. 

Kedu ka esi zere imebi igbe mgbe ị na-adọkpụ igwe?

Enwere ike ịkpata nsogbu ọzọ site na ịdọrọ ụgbọ ala na ngwa na-ezighi ezi. Ị kwesịrị ịma na ọbụna na ọnọdụ N, i.e. na-anọpụ iche, nnyefe akpaka ka na-arụ ọrụ, mana agbanyụlarị usoro mmanye ya. Dị ka ị chere, nke a na-eduga na ikpo oke ọkụ nke akụrụngwa gearbox na ọdịda ha. Tupu ịdọta ụgbọ ala nwere nnyefe akpaaka, gụọ akwụkwọ ntuziaka ya ka ị mụta ka esi eme ya nke ọma. Ịdọba égbè agha ga-ekwe omume, ma ọ bụ naanị maka obere anya na ọsọ nke ihe karịrị 50 km / h.