Lavochkin La-5
Onye agha otu oche La-5 sitere na Great Patriotic War.
The Soviet single-engine single-seat fighter La-5 si Great Patriotic War e mepụtara na imewe ụlọ ọrụ nke Semyon Alekseevich Lavochkin dị ka mmepe na onye nọchiri LaGG-3, onye agha osisi nke nwere M-ụdị mmiri mmiri jụrụ oyi. injin. 105 inline engine. Ụgbọ elu ọhụrụ ahụ dị iche na ụdị nke gara aga tumadi na igwe radial M-82 ọhụrụ.
Na ọkara mbụ nke Agha Patriotic Ukwu ahụ, isi nsogbu nke ndị agha Soviet bụ enweghị engines kwesịrị ekwesị na àgwà dị ala nke mmepụta ha. Enweghị ike zuru oke nke usoro mgbasa ozi dịnụ ekweghị ka ịnweta njirimara achọrọ - nnukwu ọsọ ọsọ na elu elu, dị mkpa iji guzobe ọgụ nhata na onye iro. Ya mere, a obere ihe kwesịrị ikwu banyere tupu agha Soviet engines onwe ha.
Ruo na njedebe nke 20s, Soviet ụgbọ elu engine ụlọ ọrụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ. N'ime oge a, ọ bụ naanị otu n'ezie ihe ịga nke ọma engine e mere na ọ bụ stellar M-11 M-1892 nke Arkady Dmitrievich Shevchenov (1953-4), nke e wuru na osisi No. 1924 (tọrọ ntọala French ụlọ ọrụ Salmson tupu Ụwa. Agha). Anọ m na Moscow. Ebe ọ bụ na 1921, onye isi injinia nke osisi a bụ AD Shvetsov, onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Moscow State Technical School na 11. Otú ọ dị, n'ezie, ọ bụ naanị na-elekọta mmepe nke engine, na onye mmepụta ya bụ Nikolai Vasilyevich Okroshenko. M-100-cylinder ise nwere ike 2 hp. e bu n'obi maka ọzụzụ ụgbọ elu na a maara nke ọma maka akụkọ ifo Po-1930 "engine ọka" (na USSR a na-emepụta engine na 1952-XNUMX).
Mbụ mbụ Soviet ike engine bụ M-34, mepụtara Alexander Alekseevich Mikulin (1895-1985), nwa nwa nke ama aerodynamicist Nikolai Evgenievich Zhukovsky. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Kiev Polytechnic Institute, nke ntiwapụ nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ kwụsịrị, na 1923 ọ ghọrọ onye ọrụ nyocha na Automotive Engine Research Institute dị na Moscow, bụ ebe afọ abụọ gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ onye mmepụta ụgbọ elu. N'ebe a na 1928 ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na igwe ejima V-ejima 12 nwere mmiri jụrụ oyi. N'afọ 1930, ọ kwagara ọrụ ya na Institute of Aviation Engines (mgbe e mesịrị Central Institute of Aviation Engines), nke dịkwa na Moscow, na nso Motor Plant No. 4. A nwalere engine M-34 dynamometer na 1932 na ike. nke 45,8 l nyere ike iwepụ 800 hp. The mmalite maka mmepe nke M-34 bụ German BMW VI engine, emepụtara na USSR dị ka M-17, nke, Otú ọ dị, nwere ibu ibu kwa liter n'ihi na ibu piston ọrịa strok na ekpe n'ahịrị, n'ihi. na iji isi njikọ mkpara na otu ahịrị na chụpụrụ njikọ mkpara na a dị iche iche. M-34 nwere otu mkpanaka njikọ na otu strok piston na ụlọ akụ abụọ ahụ. M-17 njikọ mkpara (BMW VI) e ji na-esote nlereanya AM-35 (1200 hp), ntughari nke si otú mụbara 36,8 lita, na ekpe bank nke cylinders ọzọ nwere ibu ọrịa strok karịa nri akụ. Igwe a na mmepụta nke AM-35A mepụtara 1350 hp. Ekwesịrị imesi ya ike ebe a na mmepe nke M-34, injin ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu Soviet nke mbụ na-aga nke ọma, wetara AA Mikulin amara, site n'oge ahụ wee malite ịkpọ injinia ya dị ka AM-34, mgbe mmalite ya gasịrị. ma ọ bụghị ọkọlọtọ M maka injin. AM-35A, nke emepụtara na osisi nke 24 dị na Moscow (nke e mere n'ihi njikọ nke ụlọ ọrụ engine No. 2 na No. 4, ma Moscow) na-eji tumadi na ndị agha MiG-3 (nakwa na Pe-8 nnukwu bọmbụ). ), na ụdị ya nwere oke ọsọ ọsọ, oke mkpakọ dị elu, mana ọsọ ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa na nrụgide dị ala (1,4 kama 1,9 ATM), nke a na-akpọ AM-38, bụ nke emepụtara maka ụgbọ elu ọgụ Il-2 (na-elekwasị anya na ịba ụba mmepụta nke ụdị engines nke ụdị a na nhazi nke ọma, a kwụsịrị mmepe nke AM-37 nlereanya nke nwere ike kachasị nke 1500 hp, nke ezubere maka ndị agha MiG-7 na ndị na-atụ bọmbụ n'ihu Tu-2). N'ọgwụgwụ nke agha ahụ, a na-etinye engine AM-42 dị ike karịa nke a na-eji na ụgbọ elu Il-10.
A na-emepụta engines ụgbọ elu Soviet ndị ọzọ nke oge tupu agha ozugbo site na engines mba ọzọ nke a zụrụ ikikere. Na 1933, e kpebiri na n'ihi enweghị mmepe nke atụmatụ ya na 1930-1932. (ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya, anyị malitere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkọ) ịzụta ikikere maka engines kwekọrọ na mba ọzọ ka ọ ghara ịkwụsị mmepe nke ụgbọ elu. Otu n'ime akwụkwọ ikike enwetara n'oge ahụ bụ maka French Hispano-Suiza engine 12Y, na nsụgharị brs maka ndị na-atụ bọmbụ na crs maka ndị agha (nke ikpeazụ a na-emegharị iji wụnye egbe n'ime engine block, na-agbapụ site na gearbox shaft n'ime etiti akụkụ. nke propeller hub). Ọ bụ igwe sịlịnda dị 12 nwere V, mana ọ dị obere ma dịkwa mfe karịa atụmatụ A. A. Mikulin. Injin dị na ụdị ntọala ahụ mepụtara ike mmalite nke 860 hp. Osisi No. 26 dị na Rybinsko e bu n'obi maka mmepụta oke. A na-ejikarị igwe M-100 eme ihe na bọmbụ SB nke dị n'ihu. N'oge na-adịghị, ọ pụtara mma version nke M-103, mepụtara n'okpuru nduzi nke Vladimir Yurevich Klimov, na ụba mkpakọ ruru na ọsọ, nke mere ka o kwe omume ịbawanye ike na 960 hp. Awụnyere injin ahụ na nsụgharị ndị ọzọ nke bọmbụ SB na bọmbụ ndị agha Yak-2. Na 1940, a budata mma nlereanya M-16 banyere mmepụta na Rybinsk, na mgbe ahụ na osisi No. 27 na Voronezh na No. 105 na Kazan, bụ nke abụọ oriri valves kwa cylinder na elongated piston, nakwa dị ka elu àgwà. ihe. e ji mee ka ọ dịkwuo ụba mkpakọ na ọtụtụ mgbanwe ndị ọzọ. Injin ahụ mepụtara ike mgbapụ nke 1100 hp, na ụdị mmepụta M-105PF-2 mechara nwee ike nke 1360 hp. Na 1944, na nkwanye ùgwù nke ọrụ nke V. J. Klimov, e nyere ikike ka akara engines ya na mkpịrịsị "WK", na engine M-105 (WK-105) ghọrọ ndị kasị ewu ewu Soviet engine nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. . - site na 1947, e mepụtara nkeji 75 na ụlọ ọrụ atọ. N'October 250, a kpọpụrụ ihe ọkụkụ nke 1941 na Voronezh gaa Ufa, na Osisi No. 16 na Rybinsk ruo Kazan, bụ́ ebe a na-ejikọta osisi nke 26 na ya. -27 ndị agha , Yak-1, Yak-3, Yak-7), yana ndị agha LaGG-9 ndị a kpọtụrụ aha na ndị na-atụ bọmbụ Pe-3.
