Mpempe mmanụ moto

Onye ọ bụla na-anụ ọkụ n'obi ụgbọ ala kwesịrị inwe ike ịkọwapụta akara mmanụ moto nke e bipụtara na nkwakọ ngwaahịa ngwaahịa, n'ihi na isi ihe na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge ma kwụsie ike nke injin combustion n'ime bụ iji mmanụ moto dị elu, njirimara nke na-ezute ihe niile. chọrọ nke emeputa. Ihe ndị dị otú ahụ dị oké njọ na-enye ha iwu n'ihi na mmanụ ga-arụ ọrụ na oke okpomọkụ na n'okpuru nrụgide dị elu.

Akara mmanụ engine nwere ozi niile dị mkpa maka nhọrọ ziri ezi, naanị ị ga-enwe ike ịkọwa ya

Iji mee ka ọ dị mfe ma dị mfe usoro maka ịhọrọ mmanụ maka otu ụdị ọkụ ọkụ n'ime ụlọ dị ka njirimara achọrọ na ọrụ e kenyere ya, e mepụtala ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ mba ụwa. Ndị na-emepụta mmanụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na-eji nhazi ọkwa ndị a na-anabatakarị:

• SAE;
• API;
• NKE;
• ILSAC;
• Ọbịa.

Ụdị akara mmanụ ọ bụla nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ya na òkè ahịa, na-akọwapụta ihe ọ pụtara na-enye gị ohere ịnyagharịa n'ịhọrọ mma mmanu mmanu, anyị na-ejikarị ụdị atọ nke nhazi - API na ACEA, nakwa, n'ezie, GOST.

E nwere 2 isi klas nke moto mmanụ, dabere na ụdị nke esịtidem combustion engine: mmanụ ụgbọala ma ọ bụ dizel, ọ bụ ezie na e nwekwara a eluigwe na ala mmanụ. A na-egosipụta ntụzịaka maka ojiji na label. Ọ bụla engine mmanụ mejupụtara a isi mejupụtara (mineral mmanụ), nke bụ ya ndabere, na ụfọdụ additives. Ndabere nke mmiri na-agba mmanụ bụ ụmụ irighiri mmanụ a na-enweta site na nnụcha mmanụ ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ. Ya mere, dị ka ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ ha si dị, a na-ekewa ha n'ime:

• ịnweta;
• ọkara sịntetik;
• sịntetik.

N'elu ite, yana akara ndị ọzọ, a na-egosipụta kemịkalụ mgbe niile. ngwakọta.

Kedu ihe nwere ike ịdị na akara nke ite mmanụ:

1. Viscosity ọkwa SAE.
2. Nkọwa API и NKE ahụ.
3. Ndidi ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ ala.
4. Koodu mmanya.
5. Nọmba batch na ụbọchị mmepụta.
6. Pseudo-labeling (bụghị akara ọkọlọtọ a na-ahụkarị, mana ejiri ya dị ka atụmatụ ịzụ ahịa, dịka ọmụmaatụ, sịntetik zuru oke, HC, yana mgbakwunye nke smart molecules, wdg).
7. Ụdị pụrụ iche nke mmanụ moto.

Iji nyere gị aka ịzụta kpọmkwem mmanụ nke ga-adabara injin mgba ọkụ dị n'ime ụgbọ ala gị, anyị ga-achọpụta akara mmanụ moto kacha mkpa.

Akara mmanụ moto dị ka SAE si kwuo

Ihe kacha mkpa e ji mara nke egosiri na akara n'elu ite bụ viscosity coefficient dị ka SAE nhazi ọkwa - nke a bụ ụkpụrụ mba ụwa na-achịkwa viscosity mmanụ na gbakwunyere na mwepu okpomọkụ (oke uru).

Dị ka ọkọlọtọ SAE si dị, a na-ahọpụta mmanụ n'ụdị XW-Y, ebe X na Y bụ nọmba ụfọdụ. Nọmba mbụ - nke a bụ akara maka opekempe okpomọkụ nke mmanụ na-ejikarị na-agbapụta site na ọwa na esịtidem combustion engine cranks na-enweghị ihe isi ike. Akwụkwọ ozi W na-anọchi anya okwu Bekee Winter.

.Kpụrụ	0W	5W	10W	15W	20W	25W
Ịgba aghara	-30 Celsius	-25 Celsius	-20 Celsius	-15 Celsius	-10 Celsius	-5 Celsius
Mgbapụta ọkụ	-40 Celsius	-35 Celsius	-30 Celsius	-25 Celsius	-20 Celsius	-15 Celsius

Nọmba nke abụọ N'ụzọ nkịtị pụtara kacha nta na kacha uru nke elu-okpomọkụ viscosity mmanu mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ (+100…+150°C). Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu karịa, ọ na-adịkwu ọkụ mgbe ọ na-ekpo ọkụ, na ntụgharị.

5W - 30	site na mwepu 25 ruo gbakwunyere 20
5W - 40	site na mwepu 25 ruo gbakwunyere 35
10W - 30	site na mwepu 20 ruo gbakwunyere 30
10W - 40	site na mwepu 20 ruo gbakwunyere 35
15W - 30	site na mwepu 15 ruo gbakwunyere 35
15W - 40	site na mwepu 15 ruo gbakwunyere 45
20W - 40	site na mwepu 10 ruo gbakwunyere 45
20W - 50	site na mwepu 10 ruo gbakwunyere 45 na karịa
SAE 30	site na 0 ruo 45

Ya mere, a na-ekewa mmanụ n'ime ụdị atọ dabere na uru viscosity:

• mmanụ oyi, ha na-enwekwu mmiri mmiri ma na-enye mmalite na-enweghị nsogbu nke engine combustion n'ime oge oyi. Ngosipụta SAE maka mmanụ dị otú ahụ ga-enwe mkpụrụedemede "W" (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, wdg). iji ghọta uru njedebe, ịkwesịrị iwepụ nọmba 35. N'oge ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, mmanụ dị otú ahụ enweghị ike ịnye ihe nkiri na-egbuke egbuke ma nọgide na-enwe nrụgide dị mkpa na usoro mmanụ n'ihi n'eziokwu na na okpomọkụ dị elu ya mmiri mmiri. oke oke;
• mmanụ okpomọkụ A na-eji ya eme ihe mgbe nkezi okpomọkụ kwa ụbọchị adịghị ala karịa 0 Celsius, ebe ọ bụ na viscosity kinematic ya dị elu nke mere na n'oge ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ, mmiri mmiri adịghị agafe uru achọrọ maka mma mmanu nke akụkụ engine combustion. Na obere okpomọkụ, ịmalite engine combustion n'ime nwere nnukwu viscosity dị otú ahụ agaghị ekwe omume. A na-ahọpụta ụdị mmanụ n'oge okpomọkụ site na ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ na-enweghị mkpụrụedemede (dịka ọmụmaatụ: 20, 30, 40, na ndị ọzọ; ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu, ka viscosity dị elu). A na-atụle njupụta nke ihe mejupụtara ya na centistokes na ogo 100 (dịka ọmụmaatụ, uru nke 20 na-egosi njedebe njedebe nke 8-9 centistokes na okpomọkụ nke ọkụ ọkụ nke 100 Celsius C);
• oge niile mmanụ bụ ndị kachasị ewu ewu n'ihi na ha nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ na ma sub-zero na okpomọkụ dị mma, njedebe njedebe nke egosiri na akara SAE. Mmanụ a nwere aha abụọ (ihe atụ: SAE 15W-40).

Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ viscosity mmanụ (site na ndị akwadoro maka iji n'ime engine combustion nke ụgbọ ala gị), ọ dị mkpa ka ị na-eduzi gị site na iwu ndị a: nke dị elu nke ike / okenye nke engine ahụ, nke dị elu na viscosity dị elu nke mmanụ. kwesịrị ịbụ.

Njirimara viscosity bụ ihe mbụ na nke kachasị mkpa nke nhazi na akara mmanụ mmanụ, mana ọ bụghị naanị otu - Ọ bụghị ihe ziri ezi ịhọrọ mmanụ naanị site na viscosity. Mgbe niile ịkwesịrị ịhọrọ ezigbo mmekọrịta nke akụrụngwa mmanụ na ọnọdụ ọrụ ya.

Mmanụ ọ bụla, na mgbakwunye na viscosity, nwere ihe dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ (ncha, antioxidant Njirimara, mgbochi-eyi, ọchịchọ ịmepụta ihe nkwụnye ego dị iche iche, corrosiveness, na ndị ọzọ). Ha na-enye anyị ohere ikpebi ebe ngwa ha nwere ike.

Akara mmanụ moto API

Na nhazi API, ihe ndị bụ isi na-egosi bụ: ụdị nke engine combustion n'ime, engine arụ ọrụ mode, arụ ọrụ Njirimara nke mmanụ, ọnọdụ ojiji na afọ mmepụta. Ọkọlọtọ ahụ na-enye maka ikewa mmanụ ụzọ abụọ:

• Udi "S" - na-egosi ndị ezubere maka mmanụ ọkụ n'ime engine combustion;
• Otu "C" - na-egosi iji ya eme ihe maka ụgbọ ala mmanụ dizel.

Otu esi akọwapụta akara API?

Dị ka anyị chọpụtala, API nhọpụta nwere ike ịmalite site na mkpụrụedemede S ma ọ bụ C, nke ga-egosi ụdị engine combustion nke a ga-ejupụta na ya, yana otu akwụkwọ ozi na-akọwa ọkwa mmanụ, na-egosi ọkwa nke arụmọrụ. .

Dị ka nkewa nke a, a na-eme decoding nke akara mmanụ moto dị ka ndị a:

• ndebiri EC, nke dị ozugbo API gasịrị, gosi mmanụ na-azọpụta ike;
• Ọnụọgụ ndị Rom mgbe ndebiri nke a gasịrị kwuo okwu banyere ọkwa mmanụ ọkụ;
• akwụkwọ S (Ọrụ) na-egosi ngwa mmanụ maka mmanụ ụgbọala engine;
• leta C (Azụmahịa) na-ahọpụta mmanụ maka mmanụ dizel engine;
• mgbe otu n'ime akwụkwọ ozi ndị a bịarutere ọkwa arụmọrụ, gosiri site na mkpụrụedemede na-amalite site na A (ọkwa kacha ala) ka N na n'ihu (nke dị elu nke usoro mkpụrụedemede nke mkpụrụedemede nke abụọ na ntinye aha, ọkwa mmanụ dị elu);
• mmanụ ala ụwa nwere mkpụrụedemede sitere na ụdị abụọ ahụ site na ahịrị oblique (dịka ọmụmaatụ: API SL/CF);
• A na-ekewa akara API maka injin diesel ka ọ bụrụ strok abụọ (nọmba 2 na njedebe) na 4-stroke (nọmba 4).

Ugbu a, udi "S" nwere klas 13 nke mmanụ moto, ụfọdụ n'ime ha adịlarị, yabụ anyị ga-edepụta naanị ndị kachasị ugbu a:

Afọ mmeghe	1980	1989	1994	1997	2001	2004	2010	2020
Mmanụ API maka igwe mmanụ ụgbọala	SF	SG	SH	SJ	SL	SM	SN	SP

Udi "C" nwere klaasị 14 ugbu a, ọkara nke anaghịkwa eji ya ma ugbu a ị nwere ike ịhụ akara ndị a:

Afọ mmejuputa iwu	1983	1990	1994	1998	2004	2010
Mmanụ API maka injin dizel	CE	CF-4	CF, CF-2, CG-4	Kra-4	CI-4	CJ-4

Ndị moto mmanụ, nke gafeworo ule API/SAE ma mezuo ihe achọrọ nke ụdị ogo dị ugbu a, A na-egosi na akara ngosi nwere akara eserese okirikiri. N'elu bụ ihe e dere "API" (API Service), n'etiti bụ viscosity ọkwa dị ka SAE, nakwa dị ka o kwere omume ogo nke ịzọpụta ume.

Mgbe ị na-eji mmanụ dị ka nkọwa "nke ya", a na-ebelata iyi na ihe ize ndụ nke ọdịda engine, mmanụ "ihe mkpofu" na-ebelata, oriri mmanụ na-ebelata, mkpọtụ na-ebelata, njirimara na-agba ọsọ nke engine combustion na-eme ka mma (karịsịa na obere okpomọkụ), na ndụ ọrụ nke ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha na ikpochapụ ihicha na-abawanye.

Nhazi ACEA, GOST, ILSAC na otu esi akọwapụta aha ya

Nhazi mmanụ injin dịka ACEA siri dị

Ndị otu ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ ala Europe mepụtara nhazi ACEA. Ọ na-egosi njirimara arụmọrụ, ebumnuche na ụdị mmanụ moto. A na-ekewakwa klas ACEA ka ọ bụrụ mmanụ dizel na mmanụ ụgbọala.

Ụdị ọkọlọtọ kachasị ọhụrụ na-enye maka nkewa mmanụ n'ime ụdị 3 na klaasị 12:

• A / B - mmanụ ụgbọala na mmanụ dizel ụgbọ ala, ụgbọ ala, obere ụgbọ ala (A1/B1-12, A3/B3-12, A3/B4-12, A5/B5-12);
• C - mmanụ ụgbọala na mmanụ dizel na-akpali akpali ikuku ikuku (C1-12, C2-12, C3-12, C4-12);
• E - ụgbọ ala mmanụ dizel (E4-12, E6-12, E7-12, E9-12).

Na mgbakwunye na klas nke mmanụ moto, aha ACEA na-egosi afọ mmeghe ya, yana nọmba mbipụta (mgbe emelitere ihe ndị chọrọ teknụzụ). A na-akwadokwa mmanụ ụlọ dịka GOST si dị.

Nkewa nke mmanụ moto dị ka GOST si dị

Dị ka GOST 17479.1-85 si kwuo, a na-ekewa mmanụ moto n'ime:

• klas viscosity kinematic;
• otu arụmọrụ.

Dị ka kinematic viscosity si kwuo A na-ekewa mmanụ na klas ndị a:

• okpomọkụ - 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 24;
• oyi - 3, 4, 5, 6;
• oge niile - 3/8, 4/6, 4/8, 4/10, 5/10, 5/12, 5/14, 6/10, 6/14, 6/16 (ọnụọgụ mbụ na-egosi klas oyi. , nke abụọ maka okpomọkụ).

N'ime klaasị niile edepụtara, ọnụ ahịa ọnụọgụ dị elu, ka viscosity ka ukwuu.

Site na mpaghara ngwa A na-ekewa mmanụ moto niile n'ime otu 6 - sitere na mkpụrụedemede "A" ruo "E".

Ndekọ "1" na-egosi mmanụ e zubere maka mmanụ ọkụ n'ime engine combustion, index "2" - maka engines dizel, na mmanụ na-enweghị ndeksi na-egosi ike ya.

Nhazi mmanụ moto dịka ILSAC siri dị

ILSAC bụ ihe nkwonkwo mepụtara nke Japan na America, Kọmitii International maka Standardization na Approbation of Motor Mmanụ enyela ụkpụrụ mmanụ ụgbọ ala 6: ILSAC GF-1, ILSAC GF-2, ILSAC GF-3, ILSAC GF-4, ILSAC GF- 5 na GF-6 . Ha yiri klaasị API kpamkpam, naanị ihe dị iche bụ na mmanụ ndị kwekọrọ na nhazi ILSAC bụ nchekwa ike na oge niile. Nke a nhazi ọkwa kacha mma maka ụgbọ ala ndị Japan.

Nrube isi nke otu ILSAC n'ihe gbasara API:

• NWC-1 (oge ochie) - mmanụ mma chọrọ yiri API SH udi; site viscosity SAE 0W-XX, 5W-XX, 10W-XX, ebe XX-30, 40, 50,60.
• NWC-2 - na-emezu ihe achọrọ dị ka mmanụ mmanụ API SJ, na n'usoro nke viscosity SAE 0W-20, 5W-20.
• NWC-3 -bụ yiri API SL udi ma na-arụ ọrụ kemgbe 2001.
• ILSAC GF-4 na GF-5 - n'otu n'otu Analogs nke SM na SN.
• ILSAC NWC-6 - na-agbaso ụkpụrụ nhazi ọhụrụ SP.

Na mgbakwunye, n'ime usoro nke ọkọlọtọ ISLAC maka ụgbọ ala ndị Japan nwere injin dizel turbocharged, eji iche JASO DX-1 klas. Akara mmanụ mmanụ a na-ekpuchi injin nke ụgbọ ala ọgbara ọhụrụ nwere oke ịdị mma gburugburu ebe obibi yana turbines arụnyere n'ime ya.

Asambodo na nkwenye nke ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ ala

Nkewa API na ACEA na-emepụta ihe kacha nta chọrọ nke ekwenyere n'etiti ndị na-emepụta mmanụ na mgbakwunye na ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ ala. Ebe ọ bụ na atụmatụ nke engines combustion n'ime nke ụdị dị iche iche dị iche na ibe ya, ọnọdụ ọrụ nke mmanụ dị n'ime ha abụghị kpamkpam otu. Ụfọdụ Ndị isi na-emepụta engines combustion n'ime emepụtala usoro nhazi nke ha mmanụ ụgbọala, nke a na-akpọ ndidinke na-akwado usoro nhazi ọkwa ACEA, ya na igwe nyocha nke ya na ule ubi. Ndị na-emepụta engine combustion dị otú ahụ dị ka: VW, Mercedes-Benz, Ford, Renault, BMW, GM, Porsche na Fiat na-ejikarị nkwenye nke aka ha eme ihe mgbe ị na-ahọrọ mmanụ maka ijuputa n'ime engines combustion. Ntuziaka ọrụ ụgbọ ala ga-enwerịrị nkọwapụta, yana ọnụọgụ ha na-ebipụta na nkwakọ ngwaahịa mmanụ, n'akụkụ nhọpụta nke klaasị nke njirimara arụmọrụ ya.

Ka anyị tụlee ma decipher kacha ewu ewu na-ejikarị ndidi na designations na mkpọ mmanụ moto.

Nkwado VAG maka ụgbọ ala ndị njem

Ochie 500.00 - mmanụ na-azọpụta ike (SAE 5W-30, 10W-30, 5W-40, 10W-40, wdg), Ochie 501.01 - oge niile, ezubere maka iji ya na mmanụ ọkụ n'ime mmanụ ọkụ emepụtara tupu 2000, yana VW 502.00 - maka ndị turbocharged.

Ndidi Ochie 503.00 na-ekwu na mmanụ a bụ maka mmanụ ụgbọala n'ime ụlọ combustion engine na a viscosity nke SAE 0W-30 na ogologo oge nnọchi anya (ruo 30 puku km), ma ọ bụrụ na iyuzucha usoro nwere a atọ-component neutralizer, mgbe ahụ, mmanụ na VW 504.00. A na-awụsa nkwenye n'ime injin combustion nke ụgbọ ala dị otú ahụ.

Maka ụgbọ ala Volkswagen, Audi na Skoda nwere injin dizel, a na-enye otu mmanụ nwere nkwado. VW 505.00 maka TDI ICE, emepụtara tupu afọ 2000; Ochie 505.01 Akwadoro maka igwe ọkụ n'ime PDE nwere injector mgbapụta.

Mmanụ na-azọpụta ike nwere klas viscosity 0W-30 nwere nkwado Ochie 506.00 nwere ogologo oge nnọchi (maka engines combustion V6 TDI ruo 30 puku km, 4-cylinder TDI ruo 50 puku). Akwadoro maka iji maka igwe mmanụ dizel ọhụrụ (mgbe 2002 gasịrị). Maka engines combustion n'ime turbocharged na PD-TDI mgbapụta injectors, a na-atụ aro ka jupụta mmanụ na nkwado. Ochie 506.01 inwe otu ogologo nnọchi nnọchi anya.

Nkwenye maka ụgbọ ala ndị njem Mercedes

Mercedes-Benz automaker nwekwara nkwenye nke ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmanụ nwere aha MB229.1 Ezubere maka mmanụ dizel na mmanụ ọkụ n'ime engines combustion nke Mercedes mepụtara kemgbe 1997. Ndidi MB229.31 ewebata ma emechaa wee zute nkọwapụta SAE 0W-, SAE 5W yana ihe ndị ọzọ chọrọ na-egbochi ọdịnaya nke sọlfọ na phosphorus. MB229.5 bụ mmanụ na-azọpụta ike nwere ogologo ndụ ọrụ maka ma mmanụ dizel na mmanụ ụgbọala n'ime ụlọ combustion engine.

Asambodo na nkwenye nke ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ ala

nnabata mmanụ ụgbọala BMW

BMW Longlife 98 Mmanụ moto ezubere maka ijuputa n'ime igwe ọkụ nke ụgbọ ala arụpụtara kemgbe 1998 nwere nkwado a. A na-enye ogologo oge nnọchi ọrụ agbatịkwuru. Zutere ihe ndị bụ isi achọrọ nke ACEA A3/B3. Maka engines combustion n'ime ime na njedebe nke 2001, a na-atụ aro ka iji mmanụ na-akwado ya BMW Longlife 01. Nkọwapụta BMW Longlife-01 FE na-enye maka iji mmanụ moto eme ihe mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ọnọdụ siri ike. BMW Longlife 04 kwadoro maka iji na igwe BMW ọgbara ọhụrụ.

Nkwenye mmanụ mmanụ maka Renault

Ndidi Renault RN0700 ewebata na 2007 wee zute isi ihe a choro: ACEA A3/B4 ma obu ACEA A5/B5. Renault RN0710 na-emezu ihe achọrọ nke ACEA A3/B4, na Renault RN 0720 dị ka ACEA C3 gbakwunyere Renaults. Nkwado RN0720 emebere maka iji n'ime igwe mmanụ dizel ọhụrụ nwere ihe nzacha.

Nkwenye maka ụgbọ ala Ford

Mmanụ SAE 5W-30, kwadoro Ford WSS-M2C913-A, ezubere maka nnọchi isi na ọrụ. Mmanụ a zutere ILSAC GF-2, ACEA A1-98 na B1-98 nhazi ọkwa na ihe ndị ọzọ Ford chọrọ.

Mmanụ akwadoro Ford M2C913-B Ezubere maka ndochi mbụ ma ọ bụ nnọchi ọrụ n'ime mmanụ ọkụ na mmanụ dizel n'ime igwe combustion. na-emezukwa ihe niile ILSAC GF-2 na GF-3, ACEA A1-98 na B1-98 chọrọ.

Ndidi Ford WSS-M2C913-D ewebata ya na 2012, a na-atụ aro mmanụ nwere nkwado a maka injin dizel Ford niile ma ewezuga ụdị Ford Ka TDci emepụtara tupu 2009 na ICE emepụtara n'etiti 2000 na 2006. Na-enye ohere nke ogologo oge nnọchi ogologo yana ịgbanye mmanụ mmanụ bio-dizel ma ọ bụ mmanụ sọlfọ dị elu.

Mmanụ akwadoro Ford WSS-M2C934-A na-enye maka mmụba na oge ngbanwe ma ezubere maka ijuputa ụgbọ ala nwere engine diesel na mmanụ dizel particulate filter (DPF) mmanụ na-emezu nkọwapụta. Ford WSS-M2C948-B, dabere na klaasị ACEA C2 (maka mmanụ ụgbọ ala na mmanụ dizel nwere ike). nnabata a chọrọ mmanụ nwere viscosity nke 5W-20 ma belata nguzobe soot.

Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ mmanụ, ịkwesịrị icheta ọtụtụ isi ihe - nke a bụ nhọrọ ziri ezi nke ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ chọrọ (mineral, synthetic, semi-synthetic), ihe nhazi ọkwa viscosity, ma mara ihe ndị dị mkpa maka nhazi nke mgbakwunye (akọwapụtara). na nhazi API na ACEA). Labelụ ahụ ga-enwerịrị ozi gbasara ụdị ụgbọ ala ngwaahịa a dabara adaba maka. Ọ dịkwa mkpa ịṅa ntị na akara mmanụ mmanụ ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, akara Long Life marking na-egosi na mmanụ ahụ dabara maka igwe nwere ogologo oge nnọchi ọrụ. Ọzọkwa, n'ime njirimara nke ụfọdụ ihe mejupụtara, mmadụ nwere ike gosipụta ndakọrịta na injin ọkụ n'ime ya na turbocharging, intercooler, jụrụ oyi nke ikuku recirculation, njikwa oge na ebuli valve.