Mmanụ maka injin dizel

Mmanụ maka engine dizel dị iche na mmiri mmiri ndị yiri ya maka nkeji mmanụ ụgbọala. Nke a bụ n'ihi ọdịiche dị na ọrụ ha, yana ọnọdụ nke mmanụ mmanu na-arụ ọrụ. ya bụ, a diesel esịtidem combustion engine na-arụ ọrụ na ala okpomọkụ, na-eji a dabere mmanụ ụgbọala-ikuku ngwakọta, na usoro nke ngwakọta guzobe na combustion eme ngwa ngwa. Ya mere, mmanụ dizel ga-enwe ụfọdụ njirimara na ihe onwunwe, nke anyị ga-ekwu maka ya n'isiokwu a.

Otu esi ahọrọ mmanụ mmanụ dizel

Tupu ịga n'ihu na njirimara mmanụ, ọ bara uru ibi ndụ dị mkpirikpi na ọnọdụ ndị a na-amanye ya ịrụ ọrụ. Nke mbụ, a ghaghị icheta na mmanụ ọkụ dị na dizel ICE adịghị ere ọkụ kpamkpam, na-ahapụ nnukwu soot n'ihi ọkụ ọkụ. Ma ọ bụrụ na mmanụ mmanụ dizel adịghị mma na ọ nwere nnukwu sọlfọ, mgbe ahụ, ngwaahịa combustion nwekwara mmetụta na-emerụ ahụ karịa mmanụ.

Ebe ọ bụ na nrụgide dị na injin diesel dị elu karị, a na-emepụtakwa gas crankcase n'ọtụtụ buru ibu, ikuku ikuku kwesịrị ekwesị adịghịkwa anagide ha mgbe niile. Nke a bụ kpọmkwem ihe kpatara mmanụ mmanụ diesel ji na-aka ngwa ngwa, na-efunahụ ihe nchebe ya na ncha, yana oxidizes.

Enwere ọtụtụ paramita nke onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ga-eburu n'uche mgbe ị na-ahọrọ mmanụ mmanu. E nwere atọ dị otú ahụ isi njirimara mmanụ engine:

• àgwà - a na-edepụta ihe ndị a chọrọ na API / ACEA / ILSAC nhazi;
• viscosity - yiri ọkọlọtọ SAE;
• isi nke mmanụ bụ ịnweta, sịntetik ma ọ bụ ọkara synthetic.

E gosipụtara ozi dị mkpa na nkwakọ ngwaahịa mmanụ. Otú ọ dị, n'otu oge ahụ, onye nwe ụgbọ ala ga-amata ihe ndị a chọrọ nke onye na-emepụta ụgbọala na-eme ka ịhọrọ mmiri na-edozi ahụ nke ọma.

Njirimara nke mmanụ mmanụ dizel

mgbe ahụ, anyị ga-elebakwu anya na paramita ndị edepụtara ka ndị na-anụ ọkụ n'obi ụgbọ ala na-eduzi ha mgbe ha na-azụrụ ma họrọ mmanụ mmanu nke kachasị mma maka engine combustion nke ụgbọ ala.

Ogo mmanụ

Dịka ekwuru n'elu, ọ bụ ụkpụrụ mba ụwa API, ACEA na ILSAC nyere ya iwu. N'ihe gbasara ọkọlọtọ mbụ, akara "C" na "S" bụ ihe na-egosi engine combustion n'ime nke e bu n'obi na mmanụ mmanu. Ya mere, leta "C" pụtara na e mere maka mmanụ dizel engines. Ma ọ bụrụ na "S" - mgbe ahụ maka mmanụ ụgbọala. Enwekwara ụdị mmanụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke egosipụtara site na asambodo dị ka S / C. Dị ka o kwesịrị ịdị, na isiokwu nke isiokwu a, anyị ga-enwe mmasị na mmanụ sitere na ụdị mbụ.

Na mgbakwunye na igosi ụdị nke engine combustion n'ime ime, enwere nkọwa zuru ezu nke akara akara. Maka injin dizel ọ dị ka nke a:

• akwụkwọ ozi CC na-egosi ọ bụghị naanị ebumnuche "dizel" nke mmanụ, kamakwa na engines ga-abụrịrị ikuku, ma ọ bụ na-enwe nkwalite dị oke mma;
• CD ma ọ bụ CE bụ mmanụ mmanụ dizel na-ebuli elu tupu na mgbe 1983 gasịrị, n'otu n'otu;
• CF-4 - emebere maka 4-stroke engines ewepụtara mgbe 1990 gasịrị;
• CG-4 - mmanụ ọgbọ ọhụrụ, maka nkeji arụpụtara mgbe 1994 gasịrị;
• CD-11 ma ọ bụ CF-2 - emebere maka igwe mmanụ dizel 2-stroke.

Na mgbakwunye, ị nwere ike ịmata mmanụ "dizel" dịka nkọwa ACEA si dị:

• B1-96 - emebere maka nkeji na-enweghị turbocharging;
• B2-96 na B3-96 - emebere maka nkeji ụgbọ ala nwere ma ọ bụ na-enweghị turbocharging;
• E1-96, E2-96 na E3-96 bụ maka gwongworo nwere nnukwu igwe na-ebuli elu.

Mbelata mmanu

Ọ dị mfe ịkụnye mmanụ site na ọwa na ihe ndị dị na usoro ahụ na-adabere kpọmkwem na uru viscosity. Na mgbakwunye, viscosity nke mmanụ na-emetụta ọnụego nke ọkọnọ na rubbing na-arụ ọrụ ụzọ abụọ na esịtidem combustion engine, batrị ụgwọ oriri, nakwa dị ka n'ibu iguzogide crankshaft site Starter mgbe malite na oyi ọnọdụ. Ya mere, maka engine mmanụ dizel, griiz nwere viscosity index nke 5W (ruo -25 Celsius C), 10W (ruo -20 Celsius C), obere mgbe 15W (ruo -15 Celsius C). N'ihi ya, ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ntakịrị tupu akwụkwọ ozi W, mmanụ ga-adị ntakịrị.

Mmanụ na-azọpụta ike nwere obere viscosity. Ha na-emepụta obere ihe nkiri nchebe na elu igwe, ma n'otu oge ahụ na-echekwa ike na mmanụ ọkụ maka mmepụta ya. Otú ọ dị, ekwesịrị iji mmanụ ndị a mee ihe naanị na ICE a kapịrị ọnụ (ha kwesịrị inwe ebe mmanụ dị warara).

Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ otu ma ọ bụ mmanụ ọzọ, ị ga-eburu n'uche mgbe niile njirimara mpaghara nke igwe na-arụ ọrụ. ya bụ, opekempe okpomọkụ na oyi na kacha n'oge okpomọkụ. Ọ bụrụ na ọdịiche a dị ukwuu, mgbe ahụ, ọ ka mma ịzụta mmanụ abụọ iche iche - oyi na okpomọkụ, ma dochie ha n'oge. Ọ bụrụ na ọdịiche dị na okpomọkụ dị ntakịrị, ị nwere ike iji "oge niile".

Maka igwe mmanụ dizel, oge ihu igwe anaghị ewu ewu dị ka igwe mmanụ ụgbọala. Ihe kpatara nke a bụ na n'ọtụtụ latitudes na mba anyị ọdịiche okpomọkụ dị ịrịba ama.

Ọ bụrụ na n'ime engine combustion nwere nsogbu na cylinder-piston otu, mkpakọ, na-adịghị amalite nke ọma "oyi", mgbe ahụ ọ ka mma ịzụta mmanụ dizel engine na ala viscosity.

Ndabere nke mmanụ engine maka dizel

Ọ bụkwa omenala iji kewaa mmanụ n'ụdị dabere na ndabere ha. A maara ụdị mmanụ atọ taa, nke kachasị ọnụ n'ime ha bụ mmanụ ịnweta. Mana a naghị eji ya eme ihe, belụsọ ma eleghị anya na ICE ochie, ebe ọ bụ na ndị sịntetik ma ọ bụ nke ọkara-synthetic nwere njirimara kwụsiri ike karị.

Otú ọ dị, ihe ndị bụ isi bụ nanị nrube isi nke njirimara ndị na-emepụta mmanụ kwupụtara na ndị na-emepụta ụgbọala chọrọ, yana mbụ mmanụ. Ihe nke abụọ adịghị mkpa karịa nke mbụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ndị na-ere ụgbọ ala na-ere ugbu a adịgboroja nke na-adabaghị n'àgwà ndị ahụ ekwuputara.

Kedu mmanụ kacha mma maka turbodiesel

Ụdị ọrụ nke engine dizel turbocharged dị iche na nke mbụ. Nke mbụ, a na-egosipụta nke a na nnukwu ọsọ nke ntụgharị nke turbine (ihe karịrị 100 na ọbụna 200 puku mgbanwe kwa nkeji), n'ihi nke okpomọkụ nke engine combustion na-abawanye nke ukwuu (ọ nwere ike gafere + 270 Celsius C). , na iyi ya na-abawanye. Ya mere, mmanụ maka injin dizel nwere turbine ga-enwerịrị ihe nchebe dị elu na arụ ọrụ.

Ntụle maka ịhọrọ otu ma ọ bụ ụdị mmanụ ọzọ maka injin dizel turbocharged ka dị ka nke a na-ahụkarị. Isi ihe na nke a bụ nrube isi na ndụmọdụ ndị nrụpụta. Enwere echiche ụfọdụ na mmanụ mmanụ dizel turbocharged ga-abụrịrị ihe sitere na sịntetik. Otú ọ dị, n'eziokwu nke a abụghị ikpe.

N'ezie, "synthetics" ga-abụ ihe ngwọta ka mma, ma ọ ga-ekwe omume jupụta ma "semi-synthetics" na ọbụna "mmiri ịnweta", ma nhọrọ ikpeazụ agaghị abụ nhọrọ kacha mma. Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụ ahịa ya dị ntakịrị, nyere ọnọdụ ọrụ, ọ ga-adị mkpa ka a gbanwee ya ugboro ugboro, nke ga-eme ka ihe mkpofu ọzọ pụta, ọ ga-adịkwa njọ iji chebe engine combustion n'ime.

Ka anyị depụta ozi gbasara ya nke mmanụ turbodiesel na-akwado ndị nrụpụta ewu ewu. Yabụ, maka injin dizel turbocharged arụpụtara na 2004 ma nwee ihe nzacha, dịka ọkọlọtọ ACEA siri dị, ekwesịrị iji:

DELO mmanụ mmanụ dizel

• Mitsubishi na Mazda kwadoro mmanụ B1;
• Toyota (Lexus), Honda (Acura), Fiat, Citroen, Peugeot - mmanụ B2;
• Renault-Nissan - mmanụ B3 na B4.

Ndị na-emepụta ụgbọala ndị ọzọ na-akwado ngwaahịa ndị a:

• Ụlọ ọrụ Ford maka engines dizel turbo arụpụtara na 2004 ma emesịa jiri ihe nzacha dị iche iche na-atụ aro mmanụ ika M2C913C.
• Volkswagen (yana Skoda na oche, nke bụ akụkụ nke nchegbu) ọbụna pụta ìhè ika nke VW 507 00 Castrol engine mmanụ maka turbodiesel engine nke nchegbu, nke e mepụtara tupu 2004 na nwere particulate iyo.
• N'ime ụgbọ ala nke General Motors Corporation (Opel, Chevrolet na ndị ọzọ) rụpụtara, engines dizel turbocharged mgbe 2004 nwere ihe nzacha, a na-atụ aro iji mmanụ Dexos 2.
• N'ihi na turbodiesel BMW arụpụtara tupu 2004 na onwem na a particulate iyo, na-atụ aro mmanụ bụ BMW Longlife-04.

Iche iche, ọ bara uru ikwu banyere TDI engines arụnyere na Audi. Ha nwere ikike ndị a:

• engines ruo 2000 nke ntọhapụ - index VW505.01;
• moto 2000-2003 - 506.01;
• nkeji mgbe 2004 nwere ndeksi mmanụ nke 507.00.

Ọ dị mma ịmara na mmanụ dizel turbocharged ga-ejupụta na mmanụ dị elu nke na-emezu ihe ndị a chọrọ nke onye nrụpụta kwuru. Nke a bụ n'ihi ọnọdụ ọrụ nke unit akọwara n'elu. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, cheta na ụgbọ ala turbocharged chọrọ njem mgbe ụfọdụ na ibu dị mma, nke mere na turbine na mmanụ dị na ya adịghị "stagnate". Ya mere, echefula ọ bụghị naanị iji mmanụ "ziri ezi", kamakwa iji rụọ ọrụ igwe n'ụzọ ziri ezi.

Ụdị mmanụ maka igwe mmanụ dizel n'ime ọkụ

Ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ ala zuru ụwa ọnụ ama ama na-akwado ozugbo ka ndị na-azụ ahịa jiri mmanụ ụfọdụ ụdị (nke ha na-emepụtakarị). Ọmụmaatụ:

Mmanụ a ma ama ZIC XQ 5000

• Hyundai/Kia na-akwado mmanụ ZIC (XQ LS).
• Ford maka ICE Zetec na-enye mmanụ M2C 913.
• Na ICE Opel ruo 2000, ACEA kwere A3 / B3 mmanụ. Motors mgbe 2000 nwere ike na-agba ọsọ na mmanụ akwadoro GM-LL-B-025.
• BMW na-akwado iji mmanụ Castrol ma ọ bụ mmanụ akwadoro sitere na ụdị BMW Longlife nke ya. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa maka engines combustion n'ime, nke a na-eji usoro oge valvụ na-agbanwe agbanwe.
• Nchegbu Mercedes-Benz maka engines dizel mgbe 2004, nke nwere ihe nzacha, na-enye mmanụ n'okpuru akara nke aka ya na ndeksi nke 229.31 na 229.51. Otu n'ime ndị kasị elu engine mmanụ ndidi maka mmanụ dizel engine bụ index si 504.00 ka 507. N'ime gwongworo mmanụ dizel, a na-atụ aro ka iji mmanụ akara CF-00.

n'ihu anyị na-enye bara uru ozi na a fim nke ewu mmanụ maka mmanụ dizel engines. Mgbe ị na-achịkọta ọkwa ahụ, a na-echebara echiche nke ndị ọkachamara na-eme nchọpụta dị mkpa. ya bu maka mmanu ihe ngosi ndị a dị mkpa:

• ọnụnọ nke mgbakwunye pụrụ iche;
• ebelata ọdịnaya nke phosphorus, nke na-eme ka mmekọrịta dị mma nke mmiri mmiri na gas na-ekpochapụ gas na usoro ọgwụgwọ;
• ezigbo nchebe megide usoro corrosion;
• obere hygroscopicity (mmanụ anaghị etinye mmiri na ikuku).

Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ otu ika, jide n'aka na ị ga-atụle ihe ndị chọrọ nke onye na-emepụta ụgbọ ala gị.

Mee	Nkowasi	Viscosity	API/Nke ahụ	Na-eri
ZIC XQ 5000 10W-40	Otu n'ime mmanụ dizel kacha mma na ama ama. Emepụtara na South Korea. Enwere ike iji ya na ICE nwere turbine. Akwadoro maka Mercedes-Benz, MAN, Volvo, Scania, Renault, MACK	10W-40	API CI-4; ACEA E6/E4. Nwere nkwado ndị a: MB 228.5/228.51, MAN M 3477/3277 Reduced Ash, MTU Ụdị 3, VOLVO VDS-3, SCANIA LDF-2, Cummins 20076/77/72/71, Renault VI RXD, Mack EO-M+	$22 maka otu ite 6 lita.
LIQUI MOLY 5W-30 TopTech-4600	Mmanụ na-ewu ewu na nke dị ọnụ ala site n'aka onye nrụpụta German ama ama.	5W-30	ACEA C3; API SN/CF; MB-Freigabe 229.51; BMW Ogologo ndụ 04; VW 502.00/505.00; Ford WSS-M2C 917 A; Dexos 2.	$110 maka otu ite 20 lita.
ADDINOL Diesel Longlife MD 1548 (SAE 15W-40)	So na klaasị mmanụ emebere ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na ICE ndị ebujuru oke ibu (Oil Duty Engine Oil). Ya mere, enwere ike iji ya ọ bụghị naanị na ụgbọ ala ndị njem, kamakwa na gwongworo.	15W-40	CI-4, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, CI-4 PLUS, SL; A3/B3, E3, E5, E7. Nkwenye: MB 228.3, MB 229.1, Volvo VDS-3, Renault RLD-2, Global DHD-1, MACK EO-N, Allison C-4, VW 501 01, VW 505 00, ZF TE-ML 07C, Caterpillar ECF - 2, Caterpillar ECF-1-a, Deutz DQC III-10, MAN 3275-1	$125 maka otu ite 20 lita.
Mobil Delvac MX 15W-40	A na-eji mmanụ Belgian a maka ụgbọ ala na gwongworo na Europe. Dị iche na elu mma.	15W-40	API CI-4/CH-4/SL/SJ; ACEA E7; MB nnabata 228.3; Volvo VDS-3; MAN M3275-1; Renault Trucks RLD-2 na ndị ọzọ	$37 maka otu ite 4 lita.
CHEVRON Delo 400 MGX 15W-40	Mmanụ America maka gwongworo dizel na ụgbọ ala (Komatsu, Man, Chrysler, Volvo, Mitsubishi). Enwere ike iji ya na igwe ọkụ n'ime turbocharged.	15W-40	API: CI-4, CH-4, CG-4, CF-4; ACEA: E4, E7. Nkwenye ndị nrụpụta: MB 228.51, Deutz DQC III-05, Renault RLD-2, Renault VI RXD, Volvo VDS-3, MACK EO-M Plus, Volvo VDS-2.	$15 maka otu ite 3,8 lita.
Ọkachamara Castrol Magnatec 5w30	Mmanụ a ma ama. Agbanyeghị, ọ nwere viscosity kinetic dị ala.	5W-30	ACEA A5/B5; API CF/SN; ILSAC GF4; Zute Ford WSS-M2C913-C/WSS-M2C913-D.	$44 maka otu ite 4 lita.

A na-egosi nkezi ọnụ ahịa dị ka ọnụ ahịa maka oge okpomọkụ nke 2017 maka Moscow na mpaghara

Ọnụ ego mmanụ dizel dabere na ihe anọ - ụdị nke isi ya (synthetic, semi-synthetic, mineral), olu nke akpa nke a na-ere mmiri mmiri, njirimara dị ka ụkpụrụ SAE / API / ACEA na ndị ọzọ, yana akara nke onye nrụpụta. Anyị na-akwado ka ịzụta mmanụ site na ọnụ ahịa ọnụahịa.

Ọdịiche dị n'etiti mmanụ mmanụ dizel na mmanụ mmanụ

Na-ebute mmanụ na-emerụ ahụ

Dị ka ị maara, mmanụ dizel n'ime ụlọ combustion engine na-adabere na ụkpụrụ nke mkpakọ mgbanye, ọ bụghị site na ọkụ (dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala). Ụdị moto ndị dị otú ahụ na-adọta ikuku, nke a na-agbanye n'ime ya ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ. Ngwakọta ahụ na-ere ọkụ na mmanụ dizel ngwa ngwa karịa na mmanụ ụgbọ ala, nke na-eme ka o sie ike iji hụ na oriri mmanụ zuru ezu, na nke a, n'aka nke ya, na-eduga n'ịmepụta soot n'ọtụtụ buru ibu na akụkụ.

N'ihi nke a, nakwa n'ihi nnukwu nrụgide dị n'ime ụlọ ahụ, mmanụ ahụ na-efunahụ ngwa ngwa mbụ ya, oxidizes ma ghọọ ihe na-adịghị mma. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa mgbe a na-eji mmanụ dizel na-adịchaghị mma, bụ nke bara ụba na mba anyị. metụtara nke a isi ihe dị iche n'etiti mmanụ dizel site na analogues maka engines mmanụ ụgbọala - o nwere ikike antioxidant siri ike na mmanụ mmanu.

Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ịka nká mmanụ dị elu nke ukwuu maka engines combustion dizel eyi, nke pụtara na ha chọrọ nlekọta nlezianya karị.

Nsonaazụ

Mmanụ maka mmanụ dizel n'ime engine combustion nwere arụmọrụ kwụsiri ike yana njirimara arụ ọrụ karịa maka nkeji mmanụ ụgbọala. Mgbe ị na-ahọrọ, ị ga-emerịrị nyochaa nnabata nke parampat mmanụ onye nrụpụta kwuru chọrọ. Nke a na-emetụta ma igwe mmanụ dizel na ngwa turbocharged.

Kpachara anya maka adịgboroja. Zụrụ ihe n'ụlọ ahịa ndị a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.

gbalịkwara ịgbanye mmanụ n'ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ egosipụtara. Ọ bụrụ na mmanụ dizel nwere nnukwu sọlfọ, mgbe ahụ, mmanụ ga-ada n'oge mbụ. ya bụ, ihe a na-akpọ nọmba ntọala (TBN). N'ụzọ dị mwute, maka mba ndị Soviet-Soviet enwere nsogbu mgbe a na-ere mmanụ ọkụ dị ala na ọdụ mmanụ ụgbọala. Ya mere, gbalịa ijupụta mmanụ na TBN = 9 ... 12, a na-egosipụtakarị uru a n'akụkụ ọkọlọtọ ACEA.