Mmanụ ịnweta

Mmanụ ala nwere isi ihe ịnweta, ebe ọ bụ ngwaahịa sitere na mmanụ ala ma na-emepụta ya site na distillation nke mmanụ mmanụ. Ọ mara site na enweghi ike nke njirimara ya na elu volatility. Enwere ike ime mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ site na ihe ọkụkụ mmepụta ihe.

Ebe ọ bụ na nkà na ụzụ maka mmepụta nke "mmiri ịnweta" dị mfe, ọnụ ahịa mmanụ dị otú ahụ dị ala karịa mmanụ sịntetik.

A naghị ahụ mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ n'ụdị dị ọcha, ebe ọ bụ na ha nwere ike ịnweta ihe mmanye dị mkpa naanị na "ọnụ ụlọ" okpomọkụ na-enweghị ibu dị arọ. Ya mere, na ICE eji naanị na stabilizing mgbakwunye, iji mee ka mmanụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.

A na-agbakwunye ihe mgbakwunye dị otú ahụ na mmanụ isi ma na-enyere aka ịbawanye mgbochi corrosion, mgbochi iyi, na ncha nke mmanụ moto ịnweta. A sị ka e kwuwe, njirimara arụmọrụ nke mmanụ nke ịnweta ịnweta adịghị ekwe ka iguzogide oke okpomọkụ, ya thaws ngwa ngwa na ihu igwe oyi, na mgbe ọ na-esi nri, ọ na-eji ngwaahịa combustion na-ekpuchi engine combustion nke dị n'ime. Naanị n'ihi njirimara ndị a, mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ maka ụgbọ ala, na mgbakwunye na isi ya, nwere ihe mgbakwunye 12%. Ekwesịrị imepụta mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ dị elu site na ngwaahịa mmanụ ala dị mma ma nwee oke ịdị ọcha.

Ngwakọta mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ

"Mmiri ịnweta", nke a na-eji dị ka mmanu mmanu, nwere nke a mejupụtara:

1. Alkaline na paraffin cyclic.
2. Cyclanes - 75-80%, aromatics - 10-15% na cyclano-aromatic hydrocarbons - 5-15%.
3. Obere ntakịrị nke unsaturated na alkane hydrocarbons.

Mmanụ moto nke ịnweta nwekwara oxygen na sọlfọ sitere na hydrocarbons, yana ogige tar-asphalt. Ma ogige ndị a niile adịghị etinye na ndabere nke mmanụ na-agba mmanụ maka engines combustion n'ime ego a kọwara n'elu, n'ihi na a na-ehicha ha miri emi.

Na mgbakwunye na isi mmiri ịnweta mmiri n'onwe ya nke viscosities dị iche iche, mmanụ ahụ nwekwara ihe mgbakwunye dị iche iche, nke, na mgbakwunye na imeziwanye arụmọrụ bụ isi, bụkwa ihe na-adịghị mma. Ebe ọ bụ na okpomọkụ dị elu na-emetụta ha, ihe mgbakwunye na-ere ọkụ ngwa ngwa, N'ihi nke mmanụ na-agbanwe ihe onwunwe ya. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa maka engines dị elu.

Maka ọrụ kachasị mma nke engine combustion n'ime, a na-atụ aro ka dochie mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ mgbe ọ gbasịrị 5-6 puku kilomita, ruo mgbe ọ na-efunahụkwa ihe onwunwe ya.

Viscosity nke ịnweta mmanụ

Ọ bụghị naanị na mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ, kamakwa na mmanụ ndị ọzọ (synthetics, semi-synthetics), viscosity bụ njirimara kachasị mkpa. Na mmanụ engine, dị ka n'ọtụtụ mmanụ ọkụ na mmanụ aṅụ, viscosity mgbanwe na okpomọkụ (nke dị ala, ka mmanụ ahụ na-aghọ viscous na nke ọzọ). Maka ọrụ nkịtị nke engine combustion n'ime, ọ gaghị adị elu ma ọ bụ dị ala karịa otu uru, ya bụ, mgbe ịmalite engine oyi na obere okpomọkụ, viscosity nke mmanụ ekwesịghị ịdị elu. Na n'oge okpomọkụ, mgbe ịmalite engine na-ekpo ọkụ, mmanụ ekwesịghị ịdị oke mmiri iji nye ihe nkiri siri ike na nrụgide dị mkpa n'etiti akụkụ ndị na-ekpo ọkụ.

Mmanụ engine nwere ndepụta viscosity akọwapụtara. ihe ngosi a na-egosipụta ndabere nke viscosity na mgbanwe okpomọkụ.

Ndekọ viscosity nke mmanụ bụ uru na-enweghị akụkụ (naanị ọnụọgụ) nke a na-atụghị na nkeji ọ bụla. Ọnụọgụ a na-egosi "ogo dilution" nke mmanụ, ma dị elu nke ndeksi a, otú ahụ ka okpomọkụ dị na ya na-abawanye. nkịtị ọrụ nke engine.

Eserese nke kinematic viscosity nke mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ megide okpomọkụ.

Na mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ na-enweghị ihe mgbakwunye viscosity, ọnụ ahịa index sitere na 85 ruo 100, yana mgbakwunye na ọ nwere ike iru 120. Ndekọ viscosity dị ala na-egosi mmalite mmalite nke injin combustion n'ime na obere okpomọkụ na-adịghị mma na-eyi nchebe. na oke okpomọkụ.

Ọkọlọtọ SAE, ntụle viscosity bụ isi (ụdị) mmanụ sitere na ịnweta nwere ike ịbụ: 10W-30, 10W-40 na 15W-40. Nọmba 2 ndị a, nke kewara site na leta W, na-egosi oke okpomọkụ nke enwere ike iji mmanụ a. Nke ahụ bụ, viscosity ya, na ọnụ ụzọ okpomọkụ dị ala na nke elu, kwesịrị ịhụ na arụ ọrụ nkịtị nke moto ahụ.

Ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ 10W40, ya okpomọkụ nso nke applicability si -20 ka +35 Celsius C, na +100 Celsius C viscosity kwesịrị 12,5-16,3 cSt. Ya mere, mgbe ị na-ahọrọ mmanụ mmanu maka engine combustion n'ime, ịkwesịrị ịghọta na na mmanụ mmanụ ịnweta, viscosity na-agbanwe n'ụzọ dị iche iche na okpomọkụ - elu mmanụ ọkụ, na-ebelata viscosity ya na ntụgharị ihu. Ụdị ndabere a dị iche na-adabere n'ụdị akụrụngwa na usoro e ji emepụta mmanụ.

Banyere ihe mgbakwunye mmanụ viscosity

Ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe nkiri mmanụ n'etiti esemokwu na-adabere na viscosity nke mmanụ. Na nke a, n'aka nke ya, na-emetụta ọrụ nke engine combustion na ihe onwunwe ya. Dị ka anyị tụlere n'elu na okpomọkụ dabere nke viscosity, elu viscosity na-esonyere nnukwu mmanụ ihe nkiri ọkpụrụkpụ, na ka viscosity nke mmanụ na-ebelata, ọkpụrụkpụ ihe nkiri na-aghọ thinner. Ya mere, iji gbochie iyi nke akụkụ ụfọdụ (camshaft cam - pusher), ọ dị mkpa ịgbakwunye ihe mgbakwunye mgbochi na mgbakwunye na mgbakwunye viscous na "mmiri ịnweta", ebe ọ bụ na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịmepụta ihe nkiri mmanụ nke achọrọ. ọkpụrụkpụ na unit dị otú ahụ.

Mmanụ sitere na ndị nrụpụta dị iche iche nwere ngwugwu mgbakwunye dị iche iche nwere ike ọ gaghị adabara.

Njirimara ndị ọzọ nke mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ

Na mgbakwunye na njirimara ndị bụ isi nke mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ, e nwere ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

1. Ọnọdụ ọkụ bụ ihe na-egosi ụmụ irighiri ihe na-esi ọkụ. ihe ngosi a na-ekpebi mgbanwe nke mmanụ n'oge arụ ọrụ. Mmanụ ndị dị ala nwere obere ọkụ ọkụ, nke na-enye aka n'iji mmanụ dị elu.
2. Nọmba alkaline - na-ekpebi ikike nke mmanụ iji kpochapụ acids na-emerụ ahụ ma na-eguzogide nkwụnye ego n'ihi ihe mgbakwunye na-arụ ọrụ.
3. Wunye isi - ihe ngosi nke na-ekpebi ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ na-esi ike ma na-efunahụ mmiri n'ihi paraffin crystallization.
4. Nọmba acid - na-egosi ọnụnọ nke ngwaahịa oxidation mmanụ.

Ọdịmma na uru nke ịnweta moto mmanụ

Ihe kachasị njọ nke mmanụ ụgbọala ịnweta mmanụ na-agụnye enweghị ike nke parameters na okpomọkụ dị iche iche, yana ngwa ngwa oxidation na mbibi (ọkụ nke mgbakwunye na okpomọkụ dị elu), nke na-emetụta ọrụ nke engine combustion na-adịghị mma. MA naanị uru bụ ọnụahịa.

A na-eji mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ, n'ọtụtụ akụkụ, dị ka ihe na-emepụta mmanụ ọkụ, ọ bụ ezie na mmanụ hydrocracking, nke enwetara site na distillation na nhicha miri emi na mgbakwunye nke ngwugwu mgbakwunye, a na-ejikwa ụdị igwe ọgbara ọhụrụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, Subaru) dị ka ihe na-eme mmanụ maka injin ọkụ n'ime. Mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ dị otú ahụ na-eme ka ọ dị nso na "synthetics", mana ọ na-eto ngwa ngwa, na-efunahụ ihe onwunwe ya. Ya mere, ị ga-agbanwe mmanụ ugboro abụọ ugboro ugboro.

Enwere ike ịchọta ndụmọdụ ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ ala maka iji mmanụ mee ihe na akwụkwọ nkà na ụzụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ha na-agbalịkarị ịwụsa naanị mmanụ sịntetik, nke bụ usoro dị elu karịa mmiri ịnweta, Otú ọ dị, ọnụahịa ahụ dịkwa elu. Nkịtị A na-ezubere mmanụ ịnweta mmanụ maka ụdị igwe ọkụ nke ime ụlọ ochie, ma ọ bụ n'ime engines nwere oke ibu na naanị n'oge okpomọkụ. A na-ekpebi ebumnuche a kapịrị ọnụ site na nhazi ọkwa site na ogo ogo.