ngwa mkpanaaka

Kedu ihe na-ezighi ezi na anyị na-ebuwanye ike ịgbakọ n'akpa anyị na obere kọmputa e mere ka Captain Kirk's Star Trek communicator jiri naanị maka ikwu okwu? N'ezie, ha ka na-arụ ọrụ ha bụ isi, ma ọ dị ka ọ dị ntakịrị na ole na ole n'ime ha ... Kwa ụbọchị anyị na-eji ngwa arụnyere na smartphones ọ bụghị naanị. Nke a bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ngwa ndị a.

1973 Injinia Motorola Martin Cooper si Ukraine kpọrọ onye asọmpi ya Joel Engel sitere na Bell Labs na ekwentị mkpanaaka. Emepụtara ekwentị mkpanaaka nke mbụ n'ihi mmasị Captain Kirk nwere na onye na-ekwurịta okwu sitere na usoro sci-fi Star Trek.hụkwa: ).

Ekwentị imekọ ihe ọnụ, a na-akpọ ya brik, nke yiri ọdịdị ya na ịdị arọ ya (0,8 kg). A tọhapụrụ ya maka ọrịre na 1983 dị ka Motorola DynaTA $ 4. DOLLAR U.S. Ngwaọrụ chọrọ chaja ọtụtụ awa, nke zuru maka nkeji 30 nke oge okwu. Enweghị ajụjụ maka ngwa ọ bụla. Dị ka Cooper kwuru, ngwaọrụ mkpanaka ya enweghị ọtụtụ iri nde transistor na ike nhazi nke ga-enye ya ohere iji ekwentị ọzọ karịa ịkpọ oku.

1984 Ụlọ ọrụ Britain Psion na-ewebata Psion Organizer (1), nke mbụ n'ụwa kọmputa ejiri aka na ngwa mbụ. Dabere na ihe nrụpụta 8-bit Hitachi 6301 yana 2 KB nke RAM. Onye nhazi ahụ tụrụ 142 × 78 × 29,3 mm n'ime igbe mechiri emechi wee tụọ gram 225. Ọ bụkwa ekwentị mkpanaaka izizi nwere ngwa dịka nchekwa data, mgbako, na elekere. Ọ bụghị ọtụtụ, mana ngwanro ahụ kwere ka ndị ọrụ dee mmemme POPL nke ha.

1992 Na ihe ngosi mba ụwa nke COMDEX na Las Vegas, ụlọ ọrụ US IBM na BellSouth na-eweta ngwaọrụ ọhụrụ bụ ngwakọta nke spottop na ekwentị mkpanaaka - IBM Simon Personal Communicator 3(2). Ekwentị ahụ gara ere otu afọ ka e mesịrị. O nwere 1 megabyte nke ebe nchekwa, ihuenyo mmetụ ojii na ọcha nwere mkpebi nke 160x293 pikselụ.

2. Onye nkwukọrịta ozi nkeonwe IBM Simon 3

IBM Simon na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ekwentị, pager, mgbako, akwụkwọ adreesị, faksị na ngwaọrụ email. Ejiri ya n'ọtụtụ ngwa dị ka akwụkwọ adreesị, kalenda, onye na-eme atụmatụ, mgbako, elekere ụwa, akwụkwọ eletrọnịkị, na ihuenyo eserese nwere akara. BM agbakwụnyekwara egwuregwu Scramble, ụdị egwuregwu egwuregwu ebe ị ga-eme foto nke mgbagwoju anya gbasasịrị. Na mgbakwunye, enwere ike ịgbakwunye ngwa ndị ọzọ na IBM Simon site na kaadị PCMCIA ma ọ bụ site na nbudata ngwa ahụ na .

1994 Njikọ ọrụ nke Toshiba na Danish ụlọ ọrụ Hagenuk mpụta mbụ na ahịa - ekwentị MT-2000 na ngwa nzuzo - Tetris. Khagenyuk bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ jiri egwuregwu mgbaghoju anya 1984 mere nke injinia ngwanrọ Russia bụ Alexei Pajitnov mere. Ngwaọrụ ahụ nwere igodo mmemme nke enwere ike iji rụọ ọrụ dị iche iche dịka ọ dị mkpa. Ọ bụkwa ekwentị mbụ nwere antenna arụnyere n'ime ya.

1996 Nkwụ wepụtara PDA mbụ na-aga nke ọma n'ụwa, Pilot 1000 (3), nke nyere mkpali na mmepe nke smartphones na egwuregwu. PDA dabara na akpa uwe elu, nyere 16 MHz nke ike ịgbakọ, yana ebe nchekwa 128 KB nwere ike ịchekwa ihe ruru kọntaktị 500. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwere ngwa njirimara aka ọdịde dị mma yana ikike ịmekọrịta Palm Pilot na ma PC na kọmputa Mac, nke kpebiri ịga nke ọma nke kọmputa nkeonwe a. Ngwa nke mbụ gụnyere kalenda, akwụkwọ adreesị, ndepụta ihe a ga-eme, ndetu, akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu, mgbako, nchekwa, na HotSync. Ngwa maka egwuregwu Solitaire bụ Geoworks mepụtara. The Palm Pilot gbara ọsọ na sistemụ arụmọrụ Palm OS wee gbaa ọsọ ruo ọtụtụ izu na batrị AAA abụọ.

1997 Nokia wepụtara ụdị ekwentị 6110 na egwuregwu Snake (4). Site ugbu a gaa n'ihu, ekwentị Nokia ọ bụla ga-eji ngwa agwọ na-eri ntụpọ. Onye dere ngwa Taneli Armanto, onye injinia sọftụwia sitere na ụlọ ọrụ Finnish, bụ onye na-akwado egwuregwu kọmputa nke Snake na nzuzo. Egwuregwu yiri ya pụtara na 1976 dị ka Blockade na nsụgharị ya ndị na-esote: Nibbler, Worm or Rattler Race. Mana Snake wepụtara ya site na ekwentị Nokia. Afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, na 2000, Nokia 3310, nke nwere ụdị egwuregwu Snake gbanwetụrụ, ghọrọ otu n'ime ekwentị GSM kacha ere.

1999 A mụrụ WAP, usoro ngwa ikuku (5) nke asụsụ WML ọhụrụ kwadoro () - ụdị HTML dị mfe. Ọkọlọtọ, nke e mepụtara n'isi Nokia, bụ nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ kwadoro, gụnyere. Unwired Planet, Ericsson na Motorola. The protocol kwesịrị ikwe ka ịnye na ire ọrụ na ịntanetị. Na-aga ire ere n'otu afọ ahụ Nokia 7110, ekwentị mbụ nwere ikike ịchọgharị ịntanetị.

WAP jiri dozie nsogbu nnyefe ozi, Enweghị ohere nchekwa, a na-ewebata ihuenyo LCD, yana ụzọ ọrụ na ọrụ nke microbrowser. Nkọwapụta ejikọtara ọnụ emeghela ohere azụmaahịa ọhụrụ dịka ire ngwa eletrọnịkị, egwuregwu, egwu na vidiyo. Companieslọ ọrụ ejirila ọkọlọtọ kwụọ nnukwu ụgwọ maka ngwa ejedebere na ngwaọrụ otu onye nrụpụta ma ọ bụ ọbụna kenyere naanị otu ụdị. N'ihi ya, Java Micro Edition dochie WML. JME na-achị mobile nyiwe, nke a na-eji na Bada na Symbian arụ ọrụ, yana mmejuputa ya na Windows CE, Windows Mobile, na Android.

5. Ikuku ngwa protocol na logo

2000 Ọ na-ere ere Ekwentị Ericsson R380 nwere sistemụ arụmọrụ Symbian. Aha "smartphone", nke ụlọ ọrụ Swedish chepụtara, aghọwo okwu na-ewu ewu maka multimedia na ngwaọrụ mkpanaka nwere ọrụ ịkpọ oku. Ekwentị Sweden apụtabeghị n'ụzọ ọ bụla, naanị mgbe emepechara mkpuchi ya na keyboard ewepụtara. Akụrụngwa na-enye gị ohere ịgagharị na ịntanetị, chọpụta aka ọdịde, ma ọ bụ zuru ike site na ịkpọgharị ntụgharị. Igwe ekwentị nke mbụ ekweghị ka ịwụnye ngwa ndị ọzọ.

2001 Mpụta mbụ nke ụdị Symbian, nke emebere (nke Nokia malitere) dabere na ngwa EPOC nke Psion. Symbian bụ ngwa enyi na-emepe emepe na, n'otu oge, sistemụ mkpanaka kacha ewu ewu n'ụwa. Usoro a na-enye ọba akwụkwọ ọgbọ interface, enwere ike dee ngwa n'ọtụtụ asụsụ dị ka Java MIDP, C++ Python, ma ọ bụ Adobe Flash.

2001 Apple na-enye ngwa n'efu ITunesn'oge na-adịghị anya na-akpọ gị òkù ịzụ ahịa na iTunes Store (6). iTunes dabere na ngwa SoundJam yana ngwa egwu egwu kọmputa nke Apple zụtara afọ abụọ gara aga n'aka onye nrụpụta Casady & Greene.

Nke mbụ, ngwa ahụ kwere ka a zụrụ egwu ọ bụla n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro na ịntanetị yana maka ndị ọrụ niile, n'ihi na Apple na-elekọta ụdị Windows nke iTunes na-eri nri maka ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ. N'ime naanị awa 18 ka mmalite nke ọrụ ahụ gasịrị, e rere ihe dị ka egwu 275. Ngwa ahụ agbanweela otú e si ere egwu na ihe nkiri.

6. iTunes Store ngwa akara ngosi

2002 Ndị Canada na-enye BlackBerry 5810, ekwentị dabere na Java nwere email blackberry ọhụrụ. Ụlọ mkpọrọ ahụ nwere ihe nchọgharị WAP yana ọtụtụ ngwa azụmahịa. BlackBerry 5810 nyekwara ozi-e-igwe ikuku ikuku, bụ nke jikọtara ekwentị na sava ụlọ ọrụ Canada na-adịgide adịgide, na-enye ndị ọrụ ohere iziga na ịnata ozi-e ozugbo na-enweghị imelite igbe mbata ha.

2002 Ekwentị izizi nwere ngwa A-GPS dị. Na mbụ, Verizon (USA) nyere ọrụ ahụ maka ndị nwe Samsung SCH-N300 ekwentị. Teknụzụ A-GPS ekwela ka e mepụta ọtụtụ ngwa metụtara ndokwa, gụnyere. "Chọta nso", dị ka ATM, adreesị, ma ọ bụ nwere ozi okporo ụzọ.

2005 July Google zụtara Android Inc. maka nde $50 A maara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ maka sọftụwia igwefoto dijitalụ niche ya. N'oge ahụ, ọ dịghị onye maara na atọ ndị malitere Android na-arụsi ọrụ ike na sistemụ arụmọrụ nwere ike ịsọ mpi Symbian. Mgbe ndị mmepe gara n'ihu na-emepụta sistemụ arụmọrụ na Linux kernel maka ngwaọrụ mkpanaka, Google na-achọ ngwaọrụ maka gam akporo. Ekwentị gam akporo mbụ bụ HTC Dream (7), nke rere n'afọ 2008.

7. HTC Dream bụ mbụ gam akporo ama

Ọgọst 2005 BlackBerry na-enye ngwa BBM, BlackBerry Messenger (8). Ekwentị mkpanaaka Canada na ngwa telephony vidiyo egosila na ọ dị oke nchebe na enweghị spam. Enwere ike ịnata ozi naanị site n'aka ndị agbakwunyere na mbụ na listi nzipu ozi, yana ekele maka izo ya ezo BBM, anaghị enyocha ma ọ bụ mebie ozi n'ụzọ. Ndị Canada emewokwa ka ndị ozi BlackBerry ha dị maka ndị na-eji ngwaọrụ iOS na gam akporo. Ngwa BBM nwere nbudata nde 10 n'ụbọchị mbụ ya, yana nde 20 n'ime izu mbụ ya.

8. Blackberry Messenger ngwa

2007 ewebata iPhone mbụ ọgbọ ma na-esetịpụ ọkọlọtọ maka iOS. Oge ahụ zuru oke: na 2006, a na-ere ndekọ otu ijeri egwu na Ụlọ Ahịa iTunes. Ọrụ a na-akpọ ngwaọrụ Apple ewepụtara "mgbanwe na anwansi." Ọ kọwara ha dị ka ngwakọta nke ngwaọrụ mkpanaaka atọ: "iPod widescreen nwere bọtịnụ mmetụ"; "ekwentị mkpanaaka mgbanwe"; na "mmepe n'ozi ngwa ngwa". O gosiri na ekwentị nwere nnukwu ihuenyo mmetụ na-enweghị keyboard, mana na teknụzụ Multi-Touch.

Ihe ohuru ohuru bu, dika ihe omuma atu, ntughari onyonyo na ihuenyo dabere na ntọala nke ngwaọrụ (nke kwụ ọtọ), ikike itinye egwu na ihe nkiri na ebe nchekwa ekwentị site na iji ngwa iTunes wee chọgharịa webụ site na iji Safari. ihe nchọgharị. Asọmpi ahụ gbabara n'ubu ya, mgbe ọnwa isii gachara, ndị ahịa gbabatara n'ụlọ ahịa. The iPhone agbanweela smartphone ahịa na àgwà nke ya ọrụ. Na Julaị 2008, Apple wepụtara App Store, ikpo okwu ngwa dijitalụ maka iPad, iPhone, na iPod touch.

2008 Google na-ewepụta ahịa Android (ugbu a Google Play Store) ọnwa ole na ole ka e mechara ngwaahịa flagship Apple. Google na atụmatụ mmepe ya Sistemụ Android ọ lekwasịrị anya na ngwa ndị kwesịrị ịdị na-akwụghị ụgwọ na n'efu na ahịa Android. Ekwuputala asọmpi "Android Developer Challenge I" maka ndị mmepe, yana ndị dere ngwa kachasị amasị - ngwugwu SDK, nke gụnyere ngwaọrụ dị mkpa na ntuziaka maka ndị mmepe. Mmetụta ndị ahụ dị egwu n'ihi na enweghị ohere zuru oke na ụlọ ahịa maka ngwa niile.

2009 Rovio, ụlọ ọrụ Finnish nke nọ na njedebe nke enweghị ego, atụkwasịla Angry Birds na Ụlọ Ahịa App. Egwuregwu ahụ meriri Finland ngwa ngwa, banye na nkwalite egwuregwu nke izu, mgbe ahụ, nbudata na-esote gbawara. Na Mee 2012, Angry Birds ghọrọ ngwa #1 nwere ihe karịrị ijeri abụọ nbudata na nyiwe dị iche iche. Ụdị ngwa ọhụrụ, mgbakwunye, na na 2 ka e kere katoon banyere ihe omume nke ìgwè nnụnụ.

2010 Achọpụtara ngwa ahụ dị ka okwu nke afọ. Ndị American Dialect Society mere ka okwu teknụzụ a ma ama pụta ìhè n'ihi na okwu ahụ mere ka ndị mmadụ nwee mmasị dị ukwuu n'afọ a.

2020 Usoro ngwa maka nkwukọrịta ihe egwu (9). Ngwa mkpanaka na-aghọ ihe dị mkpa nke atụmatụ iji luso ọrịa na-efe efe zuru ụwa ọnụ ọgụ.

9. Singapore ọrịa ngwa TraceTogether