Nkwalite isi ịnyịnya

Ụgbọ mmiri 12341 obere ngwa agha na-arụ ọrụ na Pacific Fleet nke ndị agha mmiri Russia ga-eme mgbanwe dị ukwuu na imeziwanye ihe, gụnyere ngwa ngwa ọzọ. Nke mbụ emeghela ụzọ. Nke a bụ ihe ngwọta akwa mmiri, n'ihi na owuwu nke ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke nkeji na klas a adịghị aga dịka atụmatụ si dị. Ọnụ ego ịzụta ụgbọ mmiri ọhụrụ dịkwa mkpa.

N'October 3 n'afọ gara aga, obere ụgbọ mmiri Smiercz (423) nke oru ngo 12341 Owod-1 (Polish giez) laghachiri ọrụ. Nke a bụ nke mbụ unit nke ụdị si depot nke n'Òtù Ndị Agha Mmiri, nke meworo a zuru ezu nwughari na modernization iji nwa oge ike iku ike nke Pacific Fleet, na-eme ya, dị ka anyị maara site anyị yad, a akwa ngwọta.

Ọdịnihu nke ìhè elu iku agha nke VMP bụ iwu nke obere ụgbọ mmiri ngwa agha nwere ikike nke 22800 18 "Karakurt" (ụdị spiders na-egbu egbu), nke 2018 na-enye iwu ugbu a, na ụzọ abụọ mbụ malitere ọrụ ha. Oké Osimiri Baltic (na 2019 na 12411). Emebere ha iji dochie Project 1 Molniya-12341 (Polish Lightning) nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri ogbunigwe na ngalaba Project 1 Gadfly-507 kọwara ebe a. Ọ bụ ezie na ha na-eji ngwa eletrọnịkị na ngwa agha ọgbara ọhụrụ, ihe ịrụ ụka adịghị ya na ebe adịghị ike ha bụ sistemụ ịnya ụgbọ ala. Ọ na-agụnye engines dizel atọ dị elu M-1D-01-XNUMX-OMZ nke St. Petersburg JSC Machine-Building Plant Zvezda mepụtara. Diesel n'onwe ha, dị ka sistemu ụlọ injin niile, bụ n'ezie ngbanwe nke ngwọta ejiri na Owody (karịa na nke ahụ mechara). Ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, e mepụtara ha site na naanị otu akara - nke a kpọtụrụ aha na Zvezda. Nke a, jikọtara ya na ibu dị na iwu ndị ọzọ, emela ka oge na-aga n'ihu na nnyefe nke nkeji n'otu n'otu, nke bụ nnukwu nsogbu karịa njedebe teknụzụ nke engines ndị a.

Obi ilu nke ndị nnọchianya nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Pella Leningrad si Otradnoye dị nso na St. karịa otu ruble. 2018 nde ụgwọ. N'aka nke ya, na June afọ gara aga, ọ bụ Ministry of Defence nke Russian Federation chọrọ ego ya, na-ekpe Pella maka ịkwụ ụgwọ nke nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta na ego nke 500 ijeri rubles, n'ihi na ihe karịrị a ọnwa anọ na-egbu oge na. nnyefe nke Karakurt prototype. Ụdị ụgbọ mmiri Mytishchi (nke bụbu Hurricane). Na December nke afọ gara aga, e zigara ikpe ahụ na Moscow Arbitration Court.

N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Russia ejiriwo nsogbu siri ike na nnyefe oge na àgwà nke engine nke ụdị dị iche iche, ọ bụghị naanị mmanụ dizel, kamakwa gas turbines na ndị na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik. Ndị a bụ nsonaazụ nke mmachibido iwu nke European Union nyere iwu megide Russian Federation ka mkwụnyechara Crimea na 2014. Enweghị ohere ịnweta injin diesel nke oge a sitere na Belgium (nke ABC) na Germany (nke MTU, MAN rụpụtara). na China. Ndị a bụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, engines CHD622V20 maka obere ụgbọ mmiri ngwa agha nke Buyan-M na-asọmpi 21631, arụnyere na nke isii Vyshny Volochek ngọngọ, ma ọ bụ TBD620V12 maka mgbochi-sabotage ụgbọ mmiri nke Grakonok oru ngo 21980, arụnyere na 11th na Yunarmeyts. Usoro polar.

Otú ọ dị, àgwà nke engines ndị a, n'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị nwayọọ, dịgasị iche. Nsogbu ahụ e kwuru n'elu nke otu onye Zvezda na-emepụta engines dizel dị elu na usoro V na nke kpakpando abụghị ihe ọhụrụ, ma n'ime afọ abụọ gara aga, a na-ewere okwu a dị ka ihe dị mkpa, na-adọrọ mmasị ọ bụghị naanị MO FR. , ma osisi na-asọmpi.

Otu n'ime ha bụ Kingisep Machine-Building Plant si St. Petersburg (KMZ), nke na-ezube ịmalite mmepụta ya n'ọdịnihu dị nso. N'ịmara mkpa ọ dị ịmaliteghachi ndị agha iku ume, n'ihi nsogbu nke ịnyefe engines na Karakurt, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation kpebiri imejuputa ihe ngwọta nke okpukpu abụọ. N'otu aka ahụ, ọ na-agụnye modernization nke ugbua ejikwara ụgbọ mmiri nke oru ngo 12341 Ovod-1, n'aka nke ọzọ, nnweta nke abụọ emechabeghị ngwa agha ụgbọ mmiri nke oru ngo 12421 Molniya na mberede mode.

Project 12341 Liwien si Baltic Fleet na-agba egbe 4K85 n'oge mmega ahụ.

Na nkenke banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ovodov

N'etiti 60s, ndị agha mmiri Soviet nwere ụgbọ mmiri nke ihe karịrị 300 obere ụgbọ mmiri ogbunigwe nke mbụ (ọrụ 183R) na ọgbọ nke abụọ (ọrụ 205 na 205U Tsunami). Ka ọ dị ugbu a, laa azụ na 1958, ụlọ ọrụ etiti etiti imewe atọ: TsKB-5, TsKB-53, na TsKB-340 bụ ndị e nyere ọrụ imepụta ọgbọ na-abịa achụpụ onye mgbapụ.

N'ime afọ ise sochirinụ, onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nyefere ọtụtụ atụmatụ, na mbụ lekwasịrị anya n'iji ụgbọ mmiri ndị e wuru na mbụ mee ka ọrụ dị ngwa.

N'oge ahụ, TsKB-53 nọ na-arụ ọrụ na mgbanwe na Project 50 supervisor, na TsKB-340 na-asọmpi na-arụ ọrụ na nsụgharị nke obere ụgbọ mmiri nke Project 159 PDO. Otú ọ dị, n'ọnọdụ abụọ ahụ, obosara ha dị ntakịrị ( 10,2 na 9,2 m, n'otu n'otu). ) na elongation dị ịrịba ama nke ọkpụkpụ ahụ, nke mere ka ọ ghara ikwe omume ịwụnye ngwa ngwa rocket site n'akụkụ abụọ.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, TsKB-5, na-enweghị isi nhazi, malitere imewe site na ọkọ. N'oge na-adịghị anya, o wepụtara oru ngo 901 na nchụpụ nke 600 tọn na akụkụ nke 60,0 × 11,2 × 2,8 m. E ji ngwá agha abụọ nke ngwa agha eduzi nke usoro 4K44 P-35, egbe abụọ 57-mm AK-725. na mgbochi mgbochi tank. sistemu ogbunigwe ụgbọ elu 4K33 Osa-M. N'otu oge ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ọzọ haziri nkeji nwere nchụpụ nke 400 ruo ihe ruru tọn 1350 (TsKB-340) na 1100 tọn (TsKB-53). Nke ikpeazụ natara nọmba 902 na, na akụkụ nke 78,0 × 12,8 × 3,2 m, na-ebu ngwá agha n'ụdị anọ otu P-35 roket launchers na abụọ 76,2-mm AK-726 egbe. N'ime ọrụ ndị a kwadoro, a nabatara ọrụ 901 maka mmejuputa ọzọ, ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ Zelenodolsk aha ya bụ. A. M. Gorkovo na Zelonodolsk, dị ka akụkụ nke atụmatụ mmepe ụgbọ mmiri maka 1959-1965, iwu nke ihe dị ka ụgbọ mmiri 16 nke ụdị a.

Ịkwụsị oge na-arụ ọrụ na Ose-M na ịnye ngwá agha ogbunigwe mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụrụ na May 27, 1961, a kwụsịrị ọrụ 901, dịka 902. Ọchịagha nke ZMP nke USSR adm. Sergey Gorshkov chọrọ ngwa ngwa nkwadebe nke oru ngo na ọhụrụ ngwa agha usoro, n'ezie, ọrụ nke malitere na February 1963 na OKB-52 (ọdịnihu P-120 Malachite). Ihe mbụ a chọrọ, nke a na-emepụta site na ncha, nke a na-akpọ maka nhazi hydrofoil na ngwongwo aluminom, ngbanwe n'okpuru 350 ton na ọsọ nke 50 knots, a na-akọwapụta ígwè dị elu dị ka ihe ọkpụkpụ.

A kwadoro atụmatụ atụmatụ na teknụzụ maka ụgbọ mmiri ọhụrụ na Ọgọst 17, 1965 wee bufee ya na TsKB-5 (ebe 1966 Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau, nke emere n'ihi njikọta nke TsKB-5 na TsKB-19) maka mmejuputa. A họpụtara Ivan Piegov onye isi mmebe, e kenyere ọrụ ahụ nọmba 1234 na aha koodu "Gadfly". E nyere ụlọ ọrụ abụọ iwu iwu ụgbọ mmiri: Leningrad Primorsky Shipbuilding Plant (nke bụzi Almaz Shipbuilding Company) na Vladivostok Shipbuilding Plant (ugbu a Vostochnaya Shipyard).

Ihe ngosi MRK-3 (site na Eprel 1970, Storm) banyere ọrụ na Septemba 30, 1970. Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị anya, a tụrụ aro maka imeziwanye Ovodov. Mkpa, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, ịnyefe usoro Osa-M site na ụta ruo n'azụ iji chebe mmetụta nke ebili mmiri, mgbakwunye nke usoro agha electronic na nnọchi AK-725 na AK-176 ọhụrụ. Okwu ndị a (ma e wezụga nke mbụ a kpọtụrụ aha) jere ozi dị ka ihe ndabere maka mmepe nke ụdị ọrụ a gbanwere 12341 "Gadfly-1". Na mkpokọta, na 1970-1991, e wuru ụgbọ mmiri 47 nke ụdị anọ na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri anọ: Project 1234 Ovod (17), 1234E Ovod-E (10 maka mbupụ), 12341 Ovod-1 (19) na Nakata ”, ụgbọ mmiri. oru pilot 12347.

Agụnyere ha na njikọ aka-arụ ọrụ niile nke WMF. Ha "n'ogbe" decommissioning malitere na ọdịda nke USSR, na taa naanị 11 nkeji na-anọgide na n'Òtù Ndị Agha Mmiri, niile metụtara oru ngo 12341 (April 16, 1987, Monsoon gbagburu n'oge omume; gbagburu site a ọzụzụ ngwa agha R - 15M dara. n'ihi ọkụ). Nke kachasị, ụgbọ mmiri anọ nke ọ bụla, na ụgbọ mmiri Baltic na Pacific, abụọ na-arụ ọrụ na Northern na otu na Oké Osimiri Ojii.

E ji ígwè dị elu mee ahụ́ Ovodi bụ́ MK-35. O nwere ala okpukpu abụọ maka ọtụtụ n'ogologo ya ma kewaa ya na mpaghara 10 mmiri na-adịghị. Nhazi a na-enye nkeji ahụ enweghị ike ime ụlọ abụọ. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na nnukwu ụlọ elu ahụ bụ ọkụ alloy AMg61. Ugbua na nhazi nhazi, a na-eme mgbalị iji mee ka ọganihu nke ọnọdụ mmekọrịta nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri dịkwuo elu, ya mere, ụdị ihe mkpuchi anọ na-echebe megide mkpọtụ na okpomọkụ na-etinye n'ime nhazi nke ihe mkpuchi na ihe ndị dị elu.

Isi ụgbọ mmiri nke ụgbọ mmiri ndị a kọwara dị mgbagwoju anya ma mepụta ya n'ihi mkpa nke oge a, na-enweghị ihe ngwọta ndị ọzọ. A haziri ya dị ka atụmatụ Echelon kpochapụrụ ma mejupụtara igwe mmanụ dizel atọ dị elu nke M-507A (nọmba serial 112ChSPN 16/17) nwere ike na-aga n'ihu nke 7355 kW / 10 hp. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere abụọ 000-cylinder M-56B radial engines (504 cylinders na mkpokọta!), Ejikọtara ibe ya site na ngwa mbara ala. N'oge ahụ, ọ dịghị ihe ngwọta ọzọ, ebe ọ bụ na nanị ụlọ ọrụ turbine gas M-336 dị ukwuu, na engine mmanụ dizel na-esighị ike. Na mgbakwunye, oge ngwụcha nke WMF setịpụrụ ekweghị ka ọrụ na injin ọhụrụ malite.

Na njedebe nke ogwe ọ bụla bụ ihe na-agbapụta agba agba anọ na dayameta nke 2,5 m na pitch edozi. Nhazi draịva a na-enye oke ọsọ nke 35 knots na oke nke 415 mm. N'ọsọ akụ na ụba nke 12 knots, anya a na-abawanye ruo 4000 nautical miles. A na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik maka ngwaọrụ niile site na nkeji abụọ DG-300 nwere ikike nke 300 kW na otu DGR-75/1500 nwere ikike nke 100 kW. Usoro Orion-M7, nke emebere nke ọma maka mkpa ụgbọ mmiri ndị a, na-achịkwa ọrụ ziri ezi nke usoro a dị mgbagwoju anya.

Ngwa ọgụ kachasị mkpa nke Ovodov (ewezuga ụdị mbupụ na ụdị Nakata) bụ ngwa ọgụ mgbochi ụgbọ mmiri isii nke 4K85 nke sistemụ iku Malachite P-120, nke ewepụtara site na KT-120 okpukpu atọ. Emepụtara "Malachite" ka ọ na-emeso nnukwu ebumnuche elu, gụnyere ụgbọ mmiri nke ìgwè ndị na-ebu ụgbọ elu, ya mere e nyekwara ya isi agha nke thermonuclear.

Smiercz ( ifufe Polish) nke a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu bụ akụkụ nke 66th squadron nke obere ụgbọ mmiri ogbunigwe nke 114th brigade nke ụgbọ mmiri maka ichebe ebe mmiri, nke dabeere na obodo Sovetskaya Gavan, Khabarovsk Territory, na Tatar Strait. Owuwu ya malitere na November 20, 1981 na Vladivostok shipyard n'okpuru nọmba C-1004, dị ka nke mbụ unit nke oru ngo 12341 na osisi a. Mwepụta a mere na Nọvemba 16, 1984, ewelite ọkọlọtọ ahụ weere ọnọdụ na Disemba 30 nke otu afọ ahụ. Ụgbọ mmiri ahụ banyere na March 4, 1985, ya mere ọ dị afọ 35.

N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, ihe owuwu ya bụ nnwale na ọdịdị na ọ bụ n'ihi ịnwale ike nke ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa n'ihe gbasara nkwadebe ya maka owuwu nke nkeji n'oge agha. Nke a pụtara na dịka akụkụ nke "nchịkọta" ahụ, a na-achịkọta ahụ nke Smiercz n'ọdịnihu site na ihe ndị echekwara na osisi ahụ, usoro nke nchikota ya dị naanị ụbọchị 45. Ngwa ngwa a mechara mee ka ... mmụba n'oge ihe owuwu, ebe ọ bụ na ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị a na-ebuga n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ eruteghị ihe ndị a chọrọ na a ga-edochi ya tupu e nyefee ọnụ ahụ n'aka onye nnata (dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro igwe jụrụ oyi). , A ghaghị iji ọla kọpa mee ihe ndị dị na usoro ahụ, ma na ngwa ngwa ọ na-eji ígwè).