Nanchang Q-5

Q-5 ghọrọ ụgbọ elu mbụ nke China na-alụ ọgụ nke atụmatụ ya, nke jere ozi ruo afọ 45 na ụgbọ elu PRC. Ọ bụ ụzọ bụ isi e si akwado ndị agha ala.

Mao Zedong kpọsara ndị mmadụ Republic of China (PRC) na October 1, 1949 mgbe mmeri nke ndị na-akwado ya na agha obodo. Kuomintang e meriri emeri na onye ndu ha Chiang Kai-shek laghachiri na Taiwan, ebe ha hiwere Republic of China. Mgbe e guzobewo mmekọrịta diplomatic na USSR, a na-ebuga nnukwu ngwá ọrụ ụgbọ elu Soviet na PRC. Na mgbakwunye, ọzụzụ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ China na iwu ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu malitere.

Mmalite nke mmekorita nke Sino-Soviet na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu bụ mmalite na China nke mmepụta ikike nke ụgbọ elu Soviet isi ọzụzụ Yakovlev Yak-18 (aha China: CJ-5). Afọ anọ ka e mesịrị (July 26, 1958), ụgbọ elu ndị China JJ-1 na-azụ ụgbọ elu. Na 1956, mmepụta nke Mikoyan Gurevich MiG-17F fighter (Chinese designation: J-5) malitere. Na 1957, mmepụta malitere nke Yu-5 multi-ọrụ ugbo elu, Chinese oyiri nke Soviet Antonov An-2 ugbo elu.

Nzọụkwụ ọzọ dị mkpa na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu China bụ mmalite n'ime mmepụta ikike nke dike MiG-19 na mgbanwe atọ: ụbọchị MiG-19S (J-6), onye agha ihu igwe niile MiG-19P (J- 6A) na onye agha ihu igwe niile nwere ngwa agha eduzi ikuku-na-ikuku klas MiG-19PM (J-6B).

ụgbọ elu Q-5A nwere ịkwa emo nke bọmbụ nuklia KB-1 na nkwusioru ventral (bọmbụ ahụ zoro ezo na fuselage), echekwara na mkpokọta ihe ngosi nka.

A bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta Sino-Soviet n'okwu a na September 1957, na ọnwa na-abịa, akwụkwọ, sample mbipụta, disassembled mbipụta maka onwe-mgbakọ, components na mgbakọ maka nke mbụ usoro malitere si na USSR, ruo mgbe ha mepụtara mmepụta. site na ụlọ ọrụ ndị China. N'otu oge ahụ, otu ihe ahụ mere na Mikulin RD-9B engine turbojet, nke natara mpaghara aha RG-6 (kacha mkpali 2650 kg na 3250 kg afterburner).

MiG-19P nke mbụ nyere ikike (nke sitere na akụkụ Soviet) malitere na Plant No. 320 na Hongdu na September 28, 1958. Na March 1959, mmepụta nke ndị agha Mi-G-19PM malitere na Hongdu. Onye agha mbụ MiG-19P na Plant No. 112 na Shenyang (nke mejupụtara akụkụ Soviet) malitere na Disemba 17, 1958. Mgbe ahụ, na Shenyang, mmepụta nke MiG-19S fighter malitere, ihe nlereanya nke na-efe efe na September 30, 1959. N'oge a nke mmepụta, niile Chinese "iri na itoolu" na-onwem na mbụ Soviet RD-9B engines; draịva nke ụdị malitere nanị oge ụfọdụ ka e mesịrị (osisi mba 410, Shenyang Liming Aircraft Engine Factory).

Na 1958, ndị mmadụ Republic of China kpebiri ịmalite ọrụ onwe ya na ụgbọ elu agha. Na March, na nzukọ nke ndị isi nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu na ndị isi nke Air Force of People's Liberation Army nke China, nke onye ọchịagha ha, General Liu Yalow duziri, e mere mkpebi iji wuo ụgbọ elu ọgụ. E mepụtara atụmatụ ụzọ nka na nka na mbụ wee nye iwu ka e wepụta ụgbọ elu jet maka ebumnuche a. A kwenyere na onye agha MiG-19S adịghị mma maka ọrụ nke nkwado ozugbo na nke na-apụtaghị ìhè nke ndị agha ala n'ọgbọ agha, na ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu Soviet enyeghị ụgbọ elu agha na-atụ anya ya.

The ụgbọ elu malitere e mere na Factory No. 112 (Shenyang Aircraft Manufacturing Plant, ugbu a Shenyang Aircraft Corporation), ma na a oru ogbako na August 1958 na Shenyang, onye isi mmebe nke Factory No. 112, Xu Shunshou, tụrụ aro na ruru ka dị nnọọ elu ibu nke osisi na ndị ọzọ dị oké mkpa ọrụ, nyefee imewe na-ewu ọhụrụ agha ugbo elu na-akụ No. 320 (Nanchang Aircraft Plant, ugbu a Hongdu Aviation Industry Group). E wee mee ya. Echiche Xu Shunshou na-esote bụ echiche ikuku maka ụgbọ elu mbuso agha nwere ogwe aka dị n'akụkụ yana fuselage ihu "conical" gbatịrị agbatị nwere ọmarịcha ihu gbada na akụkụ gaa n'akụkụ.

Lu Xiaopeng (1920-2000), mgbe ahụ osote onye nduzi nke osisi No. 320 maka oru okwu, a họpụtara onyeisi ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ elu. A họpụtara osote onye isi injinia ya, Feng Xu, ka ọ bụrụ osote onye injinia ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, yana Gao Zhenning, He Yongjun, Yong Zhengqiu, Yang Guoxiang na Chen Yaozu so na otu mmepe mmadụ iri. E zigara otu a na Factory 10 dị na Shenyang, ebe ha malitere imepụta ụgbọ elu ọgụ na mmekorita ya na ndị ọkachamara mpaghara na ndị injinia nyere ọrụ ahụ.

N'oge a, a họpụtara imewe Dong Feng 106; aha Dong Feng 101 bu MiG-17F, Dong Feng 102 - MiG-19S, Don Feng 103 - MiG-19P, Don Feng 104 - ihe eji alụ ọgụ sitere na osisi Shenyang, nke a na-egosipụta n'echiche na Northrop F-5 ( ọsọ Ma = 1,4; ọzọ enweghị data dị), Don Feng 105 - MiG-19PM, Don Feng 107 - fighter imewe si Shenyang osisi, conceptually modeled na Lockheed F-104 (speed Ma = 1,8; enweghị ọzọ data).

Maka ụgbọ elu mbuso agha ọhụrụ ahụ, e mere atụmatụ iji nweta oke ọsọ ọsọ ma ọ dịkarịa ala 1200 km / h, ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ nke 15 m na nso 000 km na ngwá agha na tankị mmanụ ndị ọzọ. Dị ka atụmatụ ahụ si dị, ụgbọ elu mbuso agha ahụ kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ na ala dị ala na nke dị ala, dị ka ekwuru na usoro mbụ na nkà na ụzụ chọrọ, n'okpuru ebe radar nke ndị iro.

Na mbụ, ngwa agha guzoro n'ụgbọelu ahụ nwere mgbọ abụọ dị 30-mm 1-30 (NR-30) ndị a gbakwasịrị n'akụkụ akụkụ nke fuselage na-aga n'ihu. Otú ọ dị, n'oge ule, ọ tụgharịrị na ikuku intakes na engines amịkọrọ na ntụ ntụ gas n'oge égbè, nke mere ka emenyụ ha. Ya mere, a gbanwere ngwá agha ogbunigwe - abụọ 23-mm 1-23 (NR-23) cannons na-ebugharị na mgbọrọgwụ nku dị nso na fuselage.

Ihe agha ogbunigwe ahụ dị na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị ihe dị ka mita 4 n'ogologo, nke dị n'akụkụ ala nke fuselage. Ọ tụrụ bọmbụ abụọ, nke dị n'azụ nke ọzọ, dị kilogram 250 ma ọ bụ 500 n'arọ. Tụkwasị na nke a, enwere ike ịgbanye bọmbụ abụọ 250-kg n'akụkụ akụkụ ventral hooks n'akụkụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na abụọ ọzọ na nko n'okpuru, n'ihi tankị mmanụ ndị ọzọ. Ikike ibu bọmbụ nkịtị bụ 1000 kg, nke kachasị - 2000 n'arọ.

N'agbanyeghị na a na-eji ọnụ ụlọ ngwá agha dị n'ime, mmanụ ụgbọ elu ahụ agbanwebeghị. Ikike nke tankị dị n'ime bụ 2160 l, na tankị na-agbadata nke PTB-760 bụ 2 x 780 l, ngụkọta nke 3720 l; site n'inye mmanụ ọkụ dị otú ahụ na 1000 kg nke bọmbụ, ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu ahụ dị 1450 km.

N'elu èbè nke ime n'ime, ụgbọelu ahụ bu ngwa ọgụ abụọ bụ́ 57-1 (S-5) nke nwere rọketi na-adịghị eduzi 57-mm, nke ọ bụla n'ime ha bu ngwa agha asatọ nke ụdị a. Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị a nwekwara ike ịbụ ndị na-ebupụta roket asaa 90 mm 1-90 na-adịghị eduzi ma ọ bụ anọ 130 mm Ụdị 1-130 rọketi. Maka ebumnuche, a na-eji ihe nlegharị anya gyro dị mfe, nke na-edozighị nsogbu nke bọmbụ, ya mere izi ezi dabere na njikere onye na-anya ụgbọ elu maka bọmbụ si n'ụgbọ elu na-amaba mmiri ma ọ bụ na-agbanwe agbanwe.

N'October 1958, arụchara ụgbọ elu 1:10 nlereanya na Shenyang, nke e gosipụtara na Beijing nye ndị isi otu, steeti na ndị agha. Ihe nlereanya ahụ nwere mmetụta dị mma na ndị na-eme mkpebi, n'ihi ya, e kpebiri ozugbo ịmepụta ụdị atọ, gụnyere otu maka nyocha ala.

Ugbua na February 1959, e gosipụtara akwụkwọ zuru ezu maka owuwu nke prototypes na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke pilot, nke nwere ihe dị ka mmadụ 15. eserese. Dị ka ị nwere ike iche, n'ihi ọsọ ọsọ ahụ, ọ ga-abụrịrị na ọ nwere ọtụtụ mperi. Nke a na-ebute nsogbu siri ike, na ihe ndị emepụtara n'okpuru ule ike na-emebikarị mgbe ibu dị ala karịa ihe a chọrọ. Ya mere, akwụkwọ ahụ chọrọ nkwalite dị ukwuu.

N'ikpeazụ, banyere 20 puku. A naghị ebufe ihe osise nke akwụkwọ ọhụrụ, nke edegharịrị na Osisi No. 320 ruo May 1960. Dabere na eserese ọhụrụ ahụ, a malitere ịmaliteghachi ihe owuwu nke prototypes.

N'oge a (1958-1962), PRC nọ na-eme mkpọsa akụ na ụba n'okpuru okwu "Great Leap Forward," nke na-atụ anya mgbanwe ngwa ngwa nke China site na mba ọrụ ugbo na-azụ azụ ghọọ ike mmepụta ihe ụwa. N'ezie, ọ kwụsịrị n'ụnwụ na mbibi akụ̀ na ụba.

N'ọnọdụ a, n'August 1961, e kpebiri imechi Dong Feng 106 ọgụ ụgbọ elu mmemme ọbụna mmepụta nke iri na itoolu ikike. (nkwụsị ahụ were afọ abụọ). Otú ọ dị, njikwa nke osisi No. 320 adaghị mbà. Maka osisi ahụ, nke a bụ ohere maka oge a, iji tinye aka na mmepụta ụgbọ elu agha na-ekwe nkwa. Feng Anguo, onye nduzi nke Osisi No. 320, na onye osote ya na onye na-emepụta ụgbọ elu, Lu Xiaopeng, mere mkpesa siri ike. Ha degaara Kọmitii Central nke Kọmunist Party nke China akwụkwọ ozi, bụ́ nke nyere ha ohere ịrụ ọrụ n'adabereghị n'oge awa ọrụ.

N'ezie, ndị otu ọrụ ahụ belatara, n'ime ihe dị ka mmadụ 300, nanị iri na anọ fọdụrụ, ndị a bụ nanị ndị ọrụ nke osisi No. 320 na Hundu. N'ime ha bụ ndị na-emepụta ihe isii, ndị na-ese akwụkwọ abụọ, ndị ọrụ anọ, onye ozi na onye ọrụ nchekwa. Oge ọrụ siri ike “mgbe awa gachara” malitere. Ọ bụ naanị mgbe General Xue Shaoqing, osote onye minista nke atọ Ministry of Mechanical Engineering (nke na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu), gara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na njedebe nke 1962 ka e kpebiri ịmaliteghachi mmemme ahụ. Nke a mere n'ihi nkwado nke ndị ndu Air Force of the People's Liberation Army nke China, karịsịa osote onye isi ndị agha ụgbọ elu China, General Cao Lihuai. N'ikpeazụ, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịmalite ịmepụta ihe nlele maka ule static.

N'ihi ịnwale ụdị ụgbọ elu ahụ n'ọwara ikuku dị elu, ọ ga-ekwe omume gbanwee nhazi nku, bụ nke a na-ebelata ihe na-ezighị ezi site na 55 ° ruo 52 ° 30′. N'ụzọ dị otú a, ọ ga-ekwe omume imeziwanye àgwà nke ụgbọ elu ahụ, bụ nke, na-ebu ibu agha nke ikuku n'ime ime na n'èzí, nwere nnukwu ibu karịa ma nwee nnukwu ikuku aerodynamic na-adọkpụ na ụgbọ elu. Ogologo nku na elu nkwado ya abawanyela ntakịrị.

Ogologo nku nke Q-5 (mgbe niile, e nyere aha a maka ụgbọ elu Don Feng 106 na ụgbọ elu ndị agha China; a na-emegharịgharị ụgbọ elu dum na October 1964) bụ 9,68 m, ma e jiri ya tụnyere nku nke J. -6 - 9,0 m na mpaghara nkwado, ọ bụ (n'otu n'otu): 27,95 m2 na 25,0 m2. Nke a mere ka nkwụsi ike na njikwa nke Q-5 dịkwuo mma, nke dị mkpa n'oge ntụgharị dị nkọ na ala dị elu na obere ọsọ ọsọ (ọnọdụ a na-ahụkarị maka ụgbọ elu ọgụ n'ọgbọ agha).