Ebumnuche na ụkpụrụ nke ịrụ ọrụ nke usoro ikpochapu

N'oge ọrụ nke engine ụgbọ ala, a na-emepụta ngwaahịa combustion nke nwere okpomọkụ dị elu ma na-egbu egbu. A na-enye usoro ikpochapu na nhazi nke ụgbọ ala iji mee ka ha dị jụụ ma wepụ ha na cylinders, yana iji belata ọkwa mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọrụ ọzọ nke usoro a bụ ibelata mkpọtụ engine. A na-eme usoro ikpochapu ihe dị iche iche, nke ọ bụla nwere ọrụ dị iche iche.

Iyuzucha usoro

Isi ọrụ nke usoro ikpochapu bụ iji wepụ gas na-ekpochapụ nke ọma na engine cylinders, belata nsị ha na ọkwa mkpọtụ. Ịmara ihe a na-eji usoro ikpochapụ ụgbọ ala nwere ike inyere gị aka ịghọta otú o si arụ ọrụ na ihe na-akpata nsogbu ndị nwere ike ime. Nhazi nke usoro ikpochapu ọkọlọtọ na-adabere n'ụdị mmanụ ọkụ a na-eji, yana ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Sistemu ikpochapu nwere ike ịgụnye ihe ndị a:

• Ngwunye ihe mkpofu - na-arụ ọrụ nke iwepụ gas na oyi (ịchacha) nke cylinders engine. A na-eji ihe na-eguzogide okpomọkụ mee ya n'ihi na nkezi okpomọkụ ikuku gas dị n'etiti 700 ° C na 1000 ° C.
• Ọkụ dị n'ihu bụ ọkpọkọ dị mgbagwoju anya nke nwere flanges maka ịrịgo na manifold ma ọ bụ turbocharger.
• Ihe ntụgharị nke catalytic (arụnyere na mmanụ ụgbọ ala nke Euro-2 na ọkọlọtọ gburugburu ebe obibi dị elu) na-ewepụ ihe ndị kachasị emerụ ahụ CH, NOx, CO na gas na-ekpochapụ, na-atụgharị ha ka ọ bụrụ vapo mmiri, carbon dioxide na nitrogen.
• Onye na-ejide ọkụ - etinyere n'ime sistemu ikuku nke ụgbọ ala kama ịbụ ihe na-akpali akpali ma ọ bụ ihe nzacha (dị ka nnọchi mmefu ego). Emebere ya iji belata ume na okpomọkụ nke iyi gas na-apụ n'ọgba aghara. N'adịghị ka onye na-emepụta ihe, ọ naghị ebelata oke ihe ndị na-egbu egbu na gas na-ekpochapụ, ma na-ebelata ibu na mufflers.
• Nyocha Lambda - eji enyocha ọkwa oxygen dị na ikuku ikuku. Enwere ike inwe otu ma ọ bụ abụọ ihe mmetụta oxygen na sistem. N'elu igwe ọgbara ọhụrụ (in-line) nke nwere ihe na-eme ka ọ dị elu, a na-etinye sensọ 2.
• Ihe nzacha dị iche iche (akụkụ dị mkpa nke sistemu ikuku nke mmanụ dizel) - na-ewepụ soot site na ikuku ikuku. Ọ nwere ike ijikọta ọrụ nke onye na-emepụta ihe.
• Resonator (pre-silencer) na isi silencer - belata mkpọtụ mkpọtụ.
• Pipe - na-ejikọ akụkụ dị iche iche nke sistemu ikuku ụgbọ ala n'ime otu sistemu.

Kedu ka usoro ikpochapu si arụ ọrụ

N'ụdị kpochapụwo maka engines mmanụ ụgbọala, usoro ikpochapu ụgbọ ala na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị a:

• A na-ewepụ valvụ ndị na-ekpocha ọkụ nke injin ahụ na-emeghe ma na-ewepụ gas na-ekpocha ọkụ na ihe fọdụrụ nke mmanụ ọkụ na-adịghị ọkụ na cylinders.
• Gas sitere na cylinder nke ọ bụla na-abanye n'ụdị ikpochapu, ebe a na-ejikọta ya na otu iyi.
• Site na ọkpọkọ ikpochapu, ikuku ikuku na-esi na ikuku iyuzucha na-agafe na nke mbụ lambda probe (oxygen sensor), nke na-edekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ oxygen na iyuzucha. Dabere na data a, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka eletrọnịkị na-achịkwa oriri mmanụ na oke ikuku-ọkụ.
• Mgbe ahụ, gas na-abanye na ihe na-emepụta ihe, bụ ebe ha na-emeghachi omume na kemịkal na ọla oxidizing (platinum, palladium) na ibelata metal (rhodium). N'okwu a, okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke gas ga-abụ ma ọ dịkarịa ala 300 Celsius.
• N'ebe a na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe, gas na-agafe na nyocha nke abụọ nke lambda, nke na-eme ka o kwe omume iji nyochaa ọnọdụ nke ntụgharị catalytic.
• Igwe ikuku na-ekpochasị kpochara wee banye na resonator na muffler, ebe a na-atụgharị iyuzucha ikuku (dị warara, gbasaa, ibugharị, etinye uche), nke na-ebelata ụda mkpọtụ.
• A na-ebupụlarị ikuku ikuku na-esi na igwe mkpuchi isi na ikuku.

Sistemu iyuzucha mmanụ dizel nwere ụfọdụ atụmatụ:

• Gasị ndị na-apụ apụ na-ahapụ cylinders na-abanye n'ụdị ikpochapụ. Okpomọkụ ikuku nke injin mmanụ dizel sitere na 500 ruo 700 Celsius.
• Mgbe ahụ, ha na-abanye na turbocharger, nke na-emepụta nkwalite.
• Gas na-ekpochapụ na-agafe na ihe mmetụta oxygen wee banye n'ime ihe nzacha, ebe a na-ewepụ ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ.
• N'ikpeazụ, iyuzucha ahụ na-esi n'ime igwe mkpuchi ụgbọ ala gafere wee banye n'ikuku.

Mmepe nke usoro ikpochapu ọkụ na-ejikọta ya na njigide nke ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi maka ịrụ ọrụ ụgbọ ala. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, site na ụdị Euro-3, ntinye nke onye na-emepụta ihe na ihe nzacha maka mmanụ ụgbọala na mmanụ dizel bụ iwu, ma dochie ha na njide ọkụ na-ewere dị ka mmebi iwu.