German African Corps Nkebi 2

PzKpfw IV Ausf. G bụ tank kacha mma DAK nwetụrụla. A na-eji ụgbọ ala ndị a eme ihe site n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1942, ọ bụ ezie na tankị mbụ nke mgbanwe a rutere North Africa na August 1942.

Ugbu a ọ bụghị naanị Deutsches Afrikakorps, kamakwa Panzerarmee Afrika, nke gụnyere ozu, malitere ịta ahụhụ mgbe e meriri ya. N'iji akọ eme ihe, ọ bụghị Erwin Rommel kpatara ya, o mere ihe ọ nwere ike ime, ọ na-enwewanye ike, na-alụ ọgụ na ihe isi ike ndị a na-apụghị ichetụ n'echiche, n'agbanyeghị na ọ lụrụ ọgụ nke ọma, obi ike na ị nwere ike ịsị na ọ gara nke ọma. Otú ọ dị, ka anyị ghara ichefu na okwu ahụ bụ "dị irè" na-ezo aka naanị n'ọkwa atụmatụ.

N'ọkwa ọrụ, ihe adịghị aga nke ọma. Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịhazi nchekwa siri ike n'ihi enweghị mmasị Rommel maka omume ọnọdụ na ọchịchọ ya maka agha ndị nwere ike imegharị. Onye isi ala German chefuru na nchekwa a haziri nke ọma nwere ike imebi ọbụna onye iro siri ike karị.

Agbanyeghị, n'ọkwa atụmatụ, ọ bụ ezigbo ọdachi. Kedu ihe Rommel na-eme? Ebee ka ọ chọrọ ịga? Ebee ka ọ na-aga na ngalaba anọ ya na-ezughị oke? Ebee ka ọ ga-aga mgbe o meriri Ijipt? Sudan, Somalia na Kenya? Ma ọ bụ ikekwe Palestine, Syria na Lebanon, ruo n'ókè Turkey? Ma site na Transjordan, Iraq na Saudi Arabia? Ma ọ bụ ọbụna n'ihu, Iran na British India? Ọ ga-akwụsị mkpọsa Bọma? Ka ọ̀ ga na-ahazi ihe nchebe na Saịnaị? N'ihi na ndị Britain ga-ahazi ndị agha dị mkpa, dị ka ha mere na mbụ, na El Alamein, ma mesoo ya ihe na-anwụ anwụ.

Naanị mwepụta zuru oke nke ndị agha iro site na ihe onwunwe Britain kwere nkwa ngwọta ikpeazụ nye nsogbu ahụ. Na ihe onwunwe ma ọ bụ ókèala ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu, nke nọ n'okpuru ndị agha Britain, gbasaa na Ganges na gafee ... N'ezie, akụkụ anọ dị mkpa, bụ nkewa naanị n'aha, na ndị agha nke ndị agha Italo-African, nke a bụ. n'ụzọ ọ bụla agaghị ekwe omume.

N'ezie, Erwin Rommel akọwapụtaghị "ihe a ga-eme ọzọ." Ọ ka na-ekwu maka Suez Canal dị ka isi ebumnuche nke mkpasu iwe. Dị ka a ga - asị na ụwa akwụsịla na akwara nkwurịta okwu dị mkpa, mana nke na-adịghịkwa ekpebisi ike maka mmeri nke ndị Britain na Middle East, Middle East ma ọ bụ Africa. Ọ dịghị onye welitere okwu a na Berlin. N'ebe ahụ, ha nwere nsogbu ọzọ - ọgụ siri ike na ọwụwa anyanwụ, ọgụ dị egwu iji gbajie Stalin azụ.

DP nke 9th nke Australia rụrụ oke mkpa n'agha niile dị na mpaghara El Alamein, nke abụọ n'ime ha ka akpọrọ Agha Mbụ na nke Abụọ nke El Alamein na otu akpọrọ Battle of Alam el Halfa Ridge. Na foto a: Ndị agha Australia nọ n'ụgbọ agha Bren Carrier.

Mkparị ikpeazụ

Mgbe agha El-Gazal kwụsịrị na n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ụwa ndị Germany malitere ibuso Stalingrad na mpaghara Caucasus bara ọgaranya mmanụ, na June 25, 1942, ndị agha German nọ na North Africa nwere tankị 60 na-eje ozi na ndị agha 3500. nkeji (ọ bụghị gụnyere ogbunigwe, ngwa agha, nyocha na nkwukọrịta), na ndị Ịtali nwere tankị 44 na-arụ ọrụ, na-enwe 6500 riflemen na nkeji ndị agha (na-ewepukwa ndị agha nke ụdị ndị ọzọ). Gụnyere ndị agha German niile na ndị Ịtali, e nwere ihe dị ka 100 n'ime ha n'ụdị niile, ma ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-arịa ọrịa na enweghị ike ịlụ ọgụ, 10 XNUMX. N'aka nke ọzọ, ndị agha ji égbè n'aka bụ ndị nwere ike ịlụ ọgụ n'otu ìgwè ndị agha n'ezie.

Na June 21, 1942, Field Marshal Albert Kesserling, onye ọchịagha OB Süd, rutere n'Africa ka ya na Field Marshal Erwin Rommel (nke a kwalitere n'ọkwa a n'otu ụbọchị ahụ) na General nke Army Ettore Bastico, bụ onye natara nwanyị Marshal na Ọgọst 1942. N'ezie, isiokwu nke nzukọ a bụ azịza nke ajụjụ a: gịnị na-esote? Dị ka ị ghọtara, Kesserling na Bastiko chọrọ iwusi ọnọdụ ha ike ma kwadebe nchebe nke Libya dị ka ihe onwunwe Ịtali. Ha abụọ ghọtara na mgbe esemokwu dị mkpa mere na Eastern Front, nke a bụ mkpebi kacha ezi uche dị na ya. Kesserling gbakọrọ na ọ bụrụ na njedebe ikpeazụ mere n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ site n'ibipụ ndị Russia na mpaghara mmanụ mmanụ, a ga-ahapụ ndị agha maka ọrụ na North Africa, mgbe ahụ ọ ga-ekwe omume ịwakpo Ijipt ga-abụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya. N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịkwadebe ya na usoro. Otú ọ dị, Rommel rụrụ ụka na ndị agha Britain nke asatọ na-agbala azụ nke ọma nakwa na nchụso ahụ kwesịrị ịmalite ozugbo. O kwenyere na ihe onwunwe enwetara na Tobruk ga-ekwe ka njem ahụ gaa Ijipt gaa n'ihu, nakwa na ọ dịghị nchegbu banyere ọnọdụ ngwa ngwa nke Panzerarmee Afrika.

N'akụkụ ndị Britain, na June 25, 1942, General Claude J.E. Auchinleck, ọchịagha nke ndị agha Britain na Egypt, Levant, Saudi Arabia, Iraq na Iran (Middle East Command), chụrụ ọchịagha nke 8th Army, Lieutenant General Neil M. Ritchie. Nke ikpeazụ laghachiri na Great Britain, ebe ọ na-achị 52nd Infantry Division "Lowlands", i.e. E wedara ọkwa ọrụ abụọ. Otú ọ dị, na 1943 ọ ghọrọ ọchịagha nke XII Corps, bụ onye ya na ya lụrụ ọgụ nke ọma na Western Europe na 1944-1945, na mgbe e mesịrị na-achị nke Scottish Command na, n'ikpeazụ, na 1947, onyeisi ndị Far East Command nke Ground Forces ruo mgbe. ọ lara ezumike nká na 1948, ya bụ, ọ maliteghachiri ịchịisi nke ọkwá ndị agha, bụ́ nke e nyere ya ọkwa nke izugbe “zuru ezu”. Na njedebe nke June 1942, General Auchinleck n'onwe ya weere iwu nke 8th Army, na-arụ ọrụ abụọ ahụ n'otu oge.

Agha nke Marsa Matruh

Ndị agha Britain gbachitere na Marsa Matruh, obere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na Egypt, 180 km ọdịda anyanwụ El Alamein na 300 km ọdịda anyanwụ Alexandria. Ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè gbagara n'obodo ahụ, n'ebe ndịda ya bụ ụzọ Via Balbia na-aga n'ihu, ya bụ, okporo ụzọ na-eduga n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-aga Alexandria n'onwe ya. Ụgbọ elu ahụ dị na ndịda obodo ahụ. Ndị otu 10 (Lt. Gen. William G. Holmes) bụ ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa nke mpaghara Marsa Matruh, onye iwu ya ka ebufere na Transjordan. Ndị agha ahụ gụnyere 21st Indian Infantry Brigade (24th, 25th na 50th Indian Infantry Brigades), bụ ndị welitere nchebe ozugbo na obodo na gburugburu ya, na ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Mars Matruh, ngalaba nke abụọ nke corps, British 69th dp "Northumbrian". " (150. BP, 151. BP na 20. BP). Ihe dị ka kilomita 30-10 na ndịda obodo ahụ bụ ndagwurugwu dị larịị nke dị kilomita 12-XNUMX n'obosara, nke okporo ụzọ ọzọ si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ gaa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. N'ebe ndịda nke ndagwurugwu ahụ, nke dị mma maka imegharị ihe, bụ ebe okwute okwute, nke dị elu, nke dị ntakịrị okwute, na-esote ọzara mepere emepe.

Ihe dị ka kilomita 30 n'ebe ndịda Marsa Matruh, na nsọtụ nke escarpment, bụ obodo Minkar Sidi Hamza, ebe 5th Indian DP dabeere, nke n'oge ahụ nwere nanị otu, 29th BP. N'obere n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, New Zealand's 2nd CP nọ n'ọnọdụ (site na 4th na 5th CPs, ewezuga 6th CP, nke ewepụrụ na El Alamein). N'ikpeazụ, n'ebe ndịda, n'elu ugwu, bụ 1st Panzer Division ya na 22 Armored Battalion, 7th Armored Brigade na 4th Motorized Rifle Brigade sitere na 7th Infantry Division. 1st Dpanc nwere ngụkọta nke tankị ngwa ngwa 159, gụnyere 60 nke tankị M3 Grant ọhụrụ nwere egbe 75 mm na sponson hull yana egbe mgbochi tank 37 mm na turret. Na mgbakwunye, ndị Britain nwere tankị ndị agha 19. Ndị agha nọ na mpaghara Minkar Sidi Hamza (ma ngalaba ndị agha agwụla agwụ na ngalaba 1st Armored Division) bụ akụkụ nke 7th Corps n'okpuru iwu nke Lieutenant General William H.E. "Strafera" Gott (nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ụgbọelu 1942 August XNUMX).

Mwakpo a na ọnọdụ ndị Britain malitere n'ehihie nke 26 June. Na-emegide ọnọdụ nke 50th DP Northumbarian na ndịda Marsa Matruh, 90th Light Division kwagara, adịghị ike nke ukwuu nke ga-egbu oge n'oge na-adịghị anya, site na enyemaka dị ukwuu site na ọkụ dị irè nke British 50th Infantry Division. N'ebe ndịda ya, German 21st Panzer Division mebiri site na mpaghara na-adịghị ike na-agbachitere n'ebe ugwu nke abụọ New Zealand brigades nke 2nd DP na na Minkar Caim mpaghara n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke British ahịrị German nkewa tụgharịrị na ndịda, na-ebipụ ndị New Zealand 'laghachi azụ. Nke a bụ mmegharị ahụ a na-atụghị anya ya, ebe 2nd New Zealand Infantry Division nwere usoro nchekwa ahaziri nke ọma ma nwee ike chebe onwe ya nke ọma. Otú ọ dị, n'ịbụ ndị e bipụrụ site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ọchịagha New Zealand, Lieutenant General Bernard Freyberg, nwere oké ụjọ. N'ịghọta na ọ bụ ya na-ahụ maka ndị agha New Zealand na gọọmentị obodo ya, ọ malitere iche echiche banyere ohere nke ịnyefe nkewa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Dịka ndị agha Briten nke iri abụọ na abụọ kwụsịrị ngalaba ndịda German 15th Armored Division n'ime ọzara mepere emepe, ihe mberede ọ bụla yiri ihe akabeghị aka.

Mpụta nke ngalaba nke 21st Armored n'azụ ahịrị ndị Britain tụkwara General Auchinleck ụjọ. N'ọnọdụ a, n'ehihie na June 27, ọ gwara ndị isi nke ozu abụọ ahụ na ha ekwesịghị itinye aka na ọnwụ nke ndị agha nọ n'okpuru iji nọgide na-enwe ọnọdụ ha na Marsa Matruh. E nyere iwu a n'agbanyeghị na British 1st Armored Division nọgidere na-ejide 15 Panzer Division, ugbu a na-emewanyewanye site na Italian 133rd Armored Division "Littorio" nke Italian 27th Corps. N'uhuruchi nke June 8, General Auchinleck nyere iwu ka e wepụ ndị agha niile nke 50th Army gaa n'ọnọdụ nchebe ọhụrụ na mpaghara Fuca, ihe na-erughị kilomita XNUMX n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ya mere, ndị agha Britain laghachiri azụ.

Ihe kacha sie ike bụ New Zealand 2nd Infantry Division, nke German 21st Infantry Division gbochiri. Otú ọ dị, n'abalị nke 27/28 June, mbuso agha mberede nke New Zealand 5th BP na ọnọdụ ndị agha German moto battalion gara nke ọma. Agha ndị ahụ siri nnọọ ike, karịsịa ebe ọ bụ na a lụrụ ha n'ebe kacha nso. Ndị New Zealand gbapụrụ ọtụtụ ndị agha German. Na-eso BP nke ise, BP nke anọ na nkewa ndị ọzọ mebikwara. A zọpụtara DP nke abụọ nke New Zealand. Lieutenant General Freiberg merụrụ ahụ n'omume, mana o jisiri ike pụọ. Na mkpokọta, ndị New Zealand gburu mmadụ 5, merụọ ahụ ma jide ha. Nke kachasị njọ, Otú ọ dị, e nyeghị 4nd New Zealand Infantry Division ka ọ laghachi n'ọnọdụ Fuca wee ruo El Alamein.

Iwu ịwepụ ahụ eruteghịkwa onye ọchịagha nke 28th Corps, bụ onye n'ụtụtụ June 90 wakporo ọgụ n'ebe ndịda na mbọ iji wedata ndị 21st Corps, nke ... adịghịzi ebe ahụ. Ozugbo ndị Briten banyere n'agha ahụ, ha nọ na ihe ijuanya na-adịghị mma, n'ihi na kama inyere ndị agbata obi ha aka, ha zutere ndị agha German niile nọ n'ógbè ahụ na mberede, ya bụ, 21st Light Division na akụkụ nke 90th Panzer Division. . N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ bịara doo anya na 28th Panzer Division atụgharịala n'ebe ugwu wee bipụ ụzọ mgbapụ ya kpọmkwem n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke X Corps. N'ọnọdụ a, General Auchinleck nyere iwu kewaa ozu n'ime ogidi ma wakpo n'ebe ndịda, gbajie usoro 29 nke na-esighị ike nke dlek kwupụta akụkụ dị larịị n'etiti Marsa Matruh na Minkar Sidi Hamzakh, site na ebe X Corps ogidi tụgharịrị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'abalị. nke 29 ruo June 7 gbanarị ndị Germany n'ụzọ Fuka. N'ụtụtụ nke June 16, Marsa Matruh jidere 6000th Bersaglieri Regiment nke XNUMXth Pistoia Infantry Regiment, ndị Ịtali weghaara ihe dị ka ndị India XNUMX na ndị Britain.

Njide ndị agha Jamanị na Fuka dara. Ndị India 29th CP nke Indian 5th Infantry Regiment nwara ịhazi nchekwa ebe a, mana German 21st PDN wakporo ya tupu emechaa nkwadebe ọ bụla. N'oge na-adịghị, Italian 133 nkewa "Littorio" banyere n'agha, na ndị India brigade e meriri kpamkpam. Emegharịrị brigade ahụ, na mgbe ewepụrụ Ngalaba Infantry nke India 5 na Iraq na njedebe nke August 1942, wee bufee ya India na ọdịda nke 1942 ịlụ ọgụ na Burma na 1943-1945, 123 nọ na ngalaba India gụnyere 29. . Ihe mejupụtara. BP iji dochie BP nke iri abụọ na itoolu gbajiri agbaji. Ọchịagha nke 29th BP Brig. Akpọrọ Denis W. Reid n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na June 28, 1942 ma tinye ya n'ogige ndị agha Ịtali. Ọ gbapụrụ na Nọvemba 1943 wee jisie ike gakwuru ndị agha Britain nọ na Italy, ebe na 1944-1945 o nyere ndị India 10th Infantry Division na ọkwa nke Major General.

Ya mere, a manyere ndị agha Britain ịlaghachi na El Alamein, e gburu Fuka. Ọtụtụ esemokwu malitere, mgbe e mesịrị jide ndị Germany na ndị Ịtali.

Agha mbụ nke El Alamein

Obere obodo El Alamein nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, nke nwere ọdụ ụgbọ oloko ya na okporo ụzọ dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, dị kilomita ole na ole n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke ala ubi nke Naịl Delta. Ụzọ dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-aga Alexandria na-agba kilomita 113 site na El Alamein. Ọ dị ihe dị ka kilomita 250 site na Cairo, nke dị n'akụkụ osimiri Naịl nke dị n'okpuru ala nke Delta. N'ihe gbasara ọrụ ọzara, nke a abụghị nke ukwuu. Ma ebe a, ọzara na-agwụ - na triangle Cairo na ndịda, El Hamam n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ (ihe dị ka 10 km site El Alamein) na Suez Canal dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Nile Delta na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na ala ubi ya na mpaghara ndị ọzọ jupụtara na nnukwu. ahịhịa ndụ. Naịl Delta gbatịrị ruo n'oké osimiri maka kilomita 175, ọ dịkwa ihe dịka kilomita 220 n'obosara. Ọ nwere alaka abụọ nke osimiri Naịl: Damietta na Rosetta nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke obere ọwa eke na nke artificial, ọdọ mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na ọdọ mmiri. Ọ bụghị ebe kacha mma ịmegharị.

Agbanyeghị, El Alamein n'onwe ya ka bụ ọzara. A họọrọ ebe a n'ụzọ bụ isi n'ihi na ọ na-anọchi anya mbelata nke mpaghara dabara adaba maka ụgbọ ala - site n'ụsọ oké osimiri ruo n'akụkụ apiti nke Qattara na-enweghị ike iru. Ọ gbagoro ihe dị ka kilomita 200 n'ebe ndịda, n'ihi ya, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịgafe ya gburugburu ọzara mepere emepe site na ndịda.

Mpaghara a na-akwado maka nchekwa ugbua na 1941. E wusighị ya ike n'ezi echiche nke okwu ahụ, mana e wuru mgbidi ogige ebe a, nke ugbu a dị mkpa ka emelite ya, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume, gbasaa. General Claude Auchinleck jiri nkà tụba nchekwa ahụ n'ime omimi, na-etinyeghị ndị agha niile n'ọnọdụ nchekwa, mana na-eke nchekwa nchekwa na ahịrị nchebe ọzọ dị kilomita ole na ole n'azụ isi ahịrị dị nso na El Alamein. E dekwara ebe a na-egwupụta ogbunigwe n'ebe a na-echebechaghị ya. Ọrụ nke ụzọ nchebe nke mbụ bụ iduzi ngagharị nke ndị iro site n'ogige ogbunigwe ndị ahụ, bụ́ nke e jikwa nnukwu égbè chebe ya. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị agha na-agba ọsọ na-emepụta ọnọdụ nchebe ("igbe omenala maka Africa") nwetara batrị ogbunigwe abụọ dị ka nkwado, na ngwa agha ndị fọdụrụ na-etinye n'ìgwè na ndị agha na ndị agha. Ọrụ nke otu ndị a bụ ịwakpo ọgụ ọkụ siri ike na ogidi ndị iro nke ga-abanye n'ime ebe nchekwa ndị Britain. Ọ dịkwa mkpa na 8th Army natara ọhụrụ 57-mm 6-paụnd mgbochi tank egbe, bụ nke gosipụtara na ọ dị irè nke ọma ma jiri ya mee ihe nke ọma ruo ọgwụgwụ nke agha ahụ.

Ka ọ na-erule n'oge a, ndị agha asatọ nwere ndị agha atọ. XXX Corps (Lt. Gen. C. Willoughby M. Norrie) welitere nchekwa site na El Alamein na ndịda na ọwụwa anyanwụ. O nwere 8th Australian Infantry Regiment n'ahịrị n'ihu, nke debere brigades abụọ n'ihu ahịrị, 9th CP n'ụsọ oké osimiri na 20th CP ntakịrị n'ebe ndịda. Brigade nke atọ nke ngalaba ahụ, Australian 24th BP, dị ihe dị ka kilomita 26 site na El Alamein, n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, ebe ebe ntụrụndụ okomoko dị taa. Edebere 10th South African Infantry Regiment na ndịda nke 9th Australian Infantry Division nwere brigades atọ n'ihu ugwu-ndịda: 1st CT, 3rd CT na 1st CT. Na, n'ikpeazụ, na ndịda, na nkwụsịtụ na 2nd Corps, India 9th BP nke India 5th Infantry Division weghaara nchebe.

Ndịda nke XXX Corps, XIII Corps (Lieutenant General William H. E. Gott) nwere akara ahụ. Ya 4th Indian Infantry Division nọ n'ọnọdụ na Ruweisat Ridge na ya 5th na 7th CPs (Indian), mgbe ya 2nd New Zealand 5th CP dị ntakịrị n'ebe ndịda, na New Zealand 6th na 4th -m BP n'ọkwa; eweghachitere BP nke anọ ya n'Ijipt. Ndi India 4th Infantry Division nwere naanị brigades abụọ, emeriela CP nke 11 ya na Tobruk ihe dị ka otu ọnwa gara aga. British 132th CU, 44th "Home District" Infantry, na-agbachitere ugwu nke 4nd Indian Infantry, ka ekenye ya na New Zealand 2th Infantry, n'agbanyeghị na ọ dị n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke 4th Indian Infantry.

N'azụ ọnọdụ nchekwa bụ X Corps (Lt. Gen. William G. Holmes). Ọ gụnyere 44th "Home County" Rifle Division na nke fọdụrụ 133rd égbè Division (44th Rifle Division ahụ nwere nanị abụọ brigades; mgbe e mesịrị, n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1942, 131st Rifle Division ka agbakwunyere), bụ nke nwere ọnọdụ n'akụkụ ugwu nke Rifle. Alam el Halfa, nke kewara ala dị larịị n'ofe El Alamein na ọkara, ugwu a sitere na ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ndị agha a nwekwara ebe nchekwa nchekwa n'ụdị nke 7th Panzer Division (4th bpk, 7th bzmot) gbatịpụrụ n'aka ekpe nke nku ndịda nke 10th corps, yana 8th pd (nwere naanị nke XNUMX bpk) nọrọ n'ọnọdụ. n'elu ugwu nke Alam el-Khalfa.

Ndị isi agha German-Italian na mmalite nke July 1942 bụ, n'ezie, German African Corps, bụ nke, mgbe ọrịa ahụ gasịrị (ma jide na May 29, 1942) nke onye agha General Ludwig Kruwel, nyere iwu site n'aka onye agha General Walter Nering. . N'ime oge a, DAK nwere nkewa atọ.

Nkeji Panzer nke iri na ise, nwa oge n'okpuru iwu nke Colonel W. Eduard Krasemann, bụ nke 15th Tank Regiment (ndị agha abụọ, ụlọ ọrụ atọ nke PzKpfw III na PzKfpw II tankị ọkụ na ụlọ ọrụ PzKpfw IV tankị), 8th Motorized Rifle. Regiment (ndị agha atọ, ụlọ ọrụ anọ nwere moto nke ọ bụla), 115rd Regiment (squadrons atọ, batrị howitzer nke ọ bụla), 33rd Reconnaissance Battalion (ụlọ ọrụ na-ebu agha, ụlọ ọrụ nlegharị anya moto, ụlọ ọrụ dị arọ), 33th Anti-Tank Squadron (batrị mgbochi tank na onwe ya). Batrị mgbochi tankị na-ebugharị), battalion nkwukọrịta nke 78, sapper nke 33 na batalion ọrụ ngwa agha. Dị ka ị nwere ike iche, nkewa ahụ ezughị oke, ma ọ bụ kama nke ahụ, ike ọgụ ya abụghị karịa nke ndị agha gbasiri ike.

Ngalaba Panzer nke iri abụọ na otu, nke Lieutenant General Georg von Bismarck nyere iwu, nwere otu nzukọ ahụ, na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị agha ya na ndị agha bụ ndị a: 21th Panzer Regiment, 5th Motor Rifle Regiment, 104th Artillery Regiment, 155rd reconnaissance battalion, 3th anti-quatank. , Batalion nke injinia 39. na 200th battalion nkwukọrịta. Otu ihe na-adọrọ mmasị banyere usoro ogbunigwe nke ngalaba ahụ bụ na na nkebi nke atọ na batrị abụọ, e nwere 200-mm ndị na-ebugharị onwe ha na chassis nke French Lorraine transporters - 150cm sFH 15-13 (Sf) auf GW Lorraine Schlepper. (e). Nke 1 Panzer Division ka na-adịghị ike na agha na mejupụtara 21 ndị ọrụ, 188 ndị na-abụghị ndị ọrụ ọrụ na 786 agha, ngụkọta nke 3842 megide mgbe (atypical maka ya) 4816 ndị mmadụ. Ọ ka njọ na akụrụngwa, n'ihi na nkewa nwere 6740 PzKpfw II, 4 PzKpfw III (19 mm egbe), 37 PzKpfw III (7 mm egbe), otu PzKpfw IV (obere-barreled) na otu PzKpfw IV (ogologo-barreled). , 50 tankị niile na-arụ ọrụ.

Nkeji ọkụ nke 90, nke Armored General Ulrich Kleemann nyere n'iwu, nwere ndị agha abụọ nwere obere ụgbọ ala nke otu batalion abụọ nke ọ bụla: 155th Infantry Regiment na 200th Infantry Regiment. Nke ọzọ, 361st, ka agbakwunyere naanị na njedebe nke Julaị 1942. Nke ikpeazụ bụ ndị Germany bụ́ ndị jere ozi n’Òtù Ndị Agha Mba Ọzọ nke France ruo 1940. Dị ka ị ghọtara, ọ bụghị ihe mmadụ nwere kpọmkwem. Nkewa nwekwara 190 artillery regiment na abụọ howitzers (nke atọ nkewa pụtara na August 1942), na nke atọ batrị nke abụọ nkewa nwere anọ egbe 10,5 cm Kanone 18 105 mm, 580 kama howitzers. squadron regiment, 190th Communications battalion. na 190 engineer batalion.

Na mgbakwunye, DAK gụnyere nhazi: 605th anti-tank squadron, 606th na 609th mgbochi ụgbọ elu squadrons.

Otu kọlụm nke tankị Crusader II ngwa ngwa nwere egbe egbe 40 mm, nke ejiri ngwa agha brigades nke ngalaba ndị agha Britain kwadebere.

Ndị agha Ịtali nke Panzerarmee Afrika nwere ozu atọ. Ndị agha nke 17 (corps General Benvenuto Joda) gụnyere 27th dp "Pavia" na 60th dp "Brescia", 102nd Corps (General nke Enea Navarrini) - site na 132 dp "Sabrata" na 101-dpzmot. "na dị ka akụkụ nke XX motorized ozu (corps general Ettore Baldassare) mejupụtara: 133rd DPanc "Ariete" na 25th DPZmot "Trieste". Kpọmkwem n'okpuru iwu nke ndị agha bụ nke XNUMXth Infantry Division "Littorio" na nke XNUMXth Infantry Division "Bologna". Ndị Ịtali, ọ bụ ezie na ụkpụrụ ha gbasoro ndị Germany, nwekwara nnukwu mfu na nhazi ha dara nke ukwuu. Ọ bara uru ịkọwa ebe a na ngalaba Ịtali niile bụ usoro abụọ, ọ bụghịkwa usoro atọ ma ọ bụ égbè atọ, dị ka n'ọtụtụ ndị agha nke ụwa.

Erwin Rommel mere atụmatụ ịwakpo ọnọdụ ndị dị na El Alamein na June 30, 1942, ma ndị agha German, n'ihi ihe isi ike na-ebuga mmanụ ụgbọala, eruteghị ebe ndị Britain ruo otu ụbọchị mgbe e mesịrị. Ọchịchọ ịwakpo ngwa ngwa o kwere mee pụtara na emere ya na-enweghị nyocha nke ọma. Ya mere, 21st Panzer Division na-atụghị anya zutere 18th Indian Infantry Brigade (India 10th Infantry Brigade), na nso nso a bufere na Palestine, nke weere ọnọdụ nchebe na Deir el-Abyad mpaghara na ala nke Ruweisat Ridge, na-ekewa ohere n'etiti n'ụsọ oké osimiri na El Alamein, na ịda mbà n'obi nke Qattara, fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nkewa na ọkara. Ejiri 23 25-pounder (87,6 mm) howitzers, egbe mgbochi 16-pounder (6 mm) 57 na tankị Matilda II gbasie ike. Mwakpo nke 21st DPunk bụ ihe siri ike, mana ndị India na-eguzogide nguzogide siri ike, n'agbanyeghị enweghị ahụmahụ agha ha. N'ezie, na mgbede nke July 1, ndị India 18th BP e meriri kpamkpam (ma ọ dịghị mgbe e kere ya).

Nke ka mma bụ ngalaba nke 15th armored, nke gafere Indian 18th BP site na ndịda, mana nkewa abụọ ahụ furu efu 18 n'ime tankị 55 ha na-arụ ọrụ, na n'ụtụtụ Julaị 2, ha nwere ike ibu ụgbọ ala ọgụ 37. N'ezie, a na-arụ ọrụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na ebe a na-amụ ihe n'ubi, a na-ebugakwa ígwè ọrụ ndị edoziziri n'ahịrị site n'oge ruo n'oge. Otú ọ dị, ihe kachasị mkpa bụ na ụbọchị ahụ dum furu efu, mgbe General Auchinleck na-ewusi nchebe na ntụziaka nke isi agha German. Ọzọkwa, 90th Light Division wakporo ebe nchekwa nke South Africa 1st Infantry Division, n'agbanyeghị na ebumnuche German bụ ịpụpụ ọnọdụ Britain na El Alamein site na ndịda wee bipụ obodo ahụ site n'ịga n'akụkụ oke osimiri n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ ya. Naanị n'ehihie nke 90th Dlek jisiri ike kewapụ n'ebe ndị iro na-agbalị iru n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke El Alamein. Ọzọkwa, oge dị oké ọnụ ahịa na mfu efu efunahụla. Panzer Division nke iri na ise busoro British 15nd Armored Division, 22st Panzer Division lụrụ ọgụ Panzer nke anọ, 21st 4th Armored Division na 1th Armored Division n'otu n'otu.