Ngwa eletrọnịkị na-eyi

Yiri ngwa elektrọnik malitere na narị afọ nke XNUMX ka agbamakwụkwọ ndị China nwere abacuses.

XVII narị afọ Mgbanaka agbamakwụkwọ ndị China abacus (1) kwere ka ndị na-eyi uwe na-agbakọ ogologo oge tupu e mepụta ihe mgbako. 

1. Chinese mini counter

1907 Onye German mepụtara Juliusz Neubronner chepụtara nna ochie nke igwefoto GoPro. Iji see foto ikuku, ọ na-etinye obere igwefoto nwere oge n'ahụ kpalakwukwu na-agba ọsọ (2).

1947 Laboratories ekwentị Bell na-emepụta ụdị transistor mbụ na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ bụ John Bardeen na Walter Houser Brattain wuru ya.

1952 Ojiji mbụ transistor maka azụmaahịa n'ime ngwaọrụ wearable bụ ihe enyemaka ịnụ ihe nke Zenith. Ngwaọrụ ahụ nwere transistor Raytheon germanium atọ.

3. Aparat Regency TR 1, Texas Instruments

1954 Redio transistor nke mbụ pere mpe na obere ibu bụ Regency TR 1 nke Texas Instruments (3).

1958-1959 Jack Kilby wuru sekit agbakwunyere nke mbụ, nke ọ nwetara Nrite Nobel na Physics na 2000. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'otu oge, Robert Noyce na-edozi nsogbu njikọ njikọ na sekit jikọtara ọnụ - a kwenyere na echiche nke sekit agbakwunyere bịakwutere ya n'adabereghị na Kilby, mana o wuru ya ọnwa ole na ole ka e mesịrị. Noyce bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere Fairchild Semiconductor na Intel.

1960 Nke mbụ ''yi'' n'echiche nke oge a bụ kọmputa enwere ike ime nke ndị ọkachamara mgbakọ na mwepụ Edward O. Thorpe na Claude Shannon mepụtara. Ha zoro n'ime akpụkpọ ụkwụ ha ihe eji atụ oge (4), nke a na-eji gbakọọ nke ọma ebe bọọlụ na-ada na egwuregwu roulette. Eji ebili mmiri redio gwa onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ ọnụọgụ nwere ike ịgbakọ nọmba.

4. Edward O. Thorpe na kọmputa kọmputa Claude Shannon, arụnyere na akpụkpọ ụkwụ.

Site na nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma - Thorp mụbara mmeri cha cha ya site na 44%! Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị sochirinụ gbalịrị imepụta ọbụna ụdị ngwaọrụ ndị ka mma karị. Nke a mere ka ewebata na 1985 na steeti Nevada, nke bụ isi obodo ịgba chaa chaa nke Las Vegas, iwu na-amachibido iji ngwaọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ.

1961 Mwepụta nke serial mmepụta nke dijitalụ integrated sekit.

1971 Clive Sinclair na-enweta aha ya na akụnụba site n'ịre ihe mgbako eletrọnịkị ọha na-adịghị ọnụ. Ahịa Britain na-achịkwa ngwa ngwa, na-ebupụkwa ha na mba ofesi na nnukwu.

1972 Ụlọ ọrụ Hamilton Watch na-arụpụta elekere eletrọnịkị mbụ nke ụwa, Pulsar P1 Limited Edition (5).

5. Mbipụta nwere oke Pulsar P1

1975 Elekere mgbako Pulsar nke mbụ rutere n'ahịa. Ọ ghọọla ngwá ọrụ na-ewu ewu maka nkà na ụzụ na ndị hụrụ sayensị n'anya. Elekere mbụ "smart" ndị a rutere n'oge ha dị egwu n'etiti afọ 80, na agbanyeghị na ewu ewu ha mechara daa, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ka na-eme ụdị mgbako.

1977 Emepụtara usoro ọhụụ mbugharị maka ndị ìsì. Onye na-emepụta ihe a maara dị ka K.S. Collins, chepụtara igwefoto nwere isi na-atụgharị ihe onyonyo a ka ọ bụrụ 1024-inch square 10-dot sensor array eyi n'elu vest.

1979 na-emepụta otu n'ime akụkọ ifo nke mmepeanya ọgbara ọhụrụ - ihe ọkpụkpọ Walkman. Akio Morita, Masaru Ibuka, na Kozo Ohsone mere ihe atụ ahụ, na ihe bụ isi ya bụ usoro mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ejiri ewepụghị ma obosara aluminom na magnesium, nke mere ka o kwe omume iji nweta ihe dị arọ nke ngwaọrụ ahụ, obere akụkụ, na n'otu oge ahụ ike dị elu na ogologo oge (6).

6. Sony Walkman Ọkachamara WM-D6C

A natara ngwaọrụ a n'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya nke ọma n'ụwa niile na 80s, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kpamkpam na-ewepụ ụdị ihe ndekọ cassette mbụ na ahịa. Ndị nrụpụta ndị ọzọ ebipụtala ụdị mbụ ahụ n'ọtụtụ puku ụdị, na aha "player" abụrụla otu obere ihe ọkpụkpọ cassette a na-ebugharị. Na mmalite 80s, e dere ọbụna abụ banyere ya - "Wired for Sound" rụrụ site Cliff Richard.

N'afọ 80. Nnukwu mmepụta nke microprocessors akpaliwo nnwale dị iche iche n'ọhịa nke eletrọnịkị wearable. Maka onye bu ụzọ nke ọtụtụ ngwọta - gụnyere. Ugogbe anya Google Glass - Steve Mann, onye nyocha na onye mepụtara ọkachamara na foto dijitalụ, na-aga. Na mmalite 80s ọ malitere ọrụ EyeTap ya (7). Ọrụ ya wee dị ka ihe siri ike - na ụfọdụ, onye edemede ahụ chere onwe ya dị ka onye ọgba tum tum nwere TV n'isi ya. Otú ọ dị, Mann chọrọ ịmepụta igwe nke ga-edekọ ihe onye ọrụ ahụ ji anya ya hụ, ma n'otu oge ahụ na-enye ha ohere ịhụ na-enweghị igwefoto.

7. Steve Mann na ya mepụtara

Ọkara-80s (vidiyo) na-aghọ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Onye na-anụ ọkụ n'obi ugwu bụ Mark Schulze mepụtara okpu okpu agha ama ama mbụ site na ijikọ igwefoto na obere VCR. Ọ dị mgbagwoju anya ma dị arọ, mana enweghị mgbagha tupu oge ya n'ihe gbasara echiche.

1987 Mepụta ihe enyemaka igwe dijitalụ. N'adịghị ka nsụgharị ndị gara aga, enwere ike ịhazi obere kọmpụta ndị a ka ha kwekọọ mkpa na ndụ onye ọrụ. Ka oge na-aga, ha enwetala atụmatụ ọhụrụ, dị ka ikike nke imeziwanye onwe ya na gburugburu ebe dị iche iche, dị ka ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ndị na-eme mkpọtụ, na iwepụ mkpọtụ ndabere.

N'afọ 90. Site na mmụba nke laptọọpụ, ikuku mbụ nke ngwaọrụ wearable na-abanye n'ahịa. Ihe atụ ama ama nke oge a bụ Reflection Technology's Private Eye (8), ihe ngosi nke nwere isi yiri nke ga-emesị ghọọ Google Glass.

8. Ngwaọrụ nke onye nyocha onwe

Onye mepụtara Doug Platt mere ihe ngosi a ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na kọmpụta dabere na DOS, mepụta otu n'ime kọmpụta wearable mbụ n'ụwa. Studentsmụ akwụkwọ Mahadum Columbia jiri sistemu Platt mepụta azịza “eziokwu agbakwunyere” nke mbụ amara ama. Ihe abụọ a mepụtara bụ ọrụ nyocha nke na-ahapụghị mahadum ahụ, mana kpaliri ndị okike ọhụrụ nke ngwá electronic wearable.

1994 Mepụtara kọmpụta mbụ nke "wrist" nke Edgar Matias na Mike Ruicci nke Mahadum Toronto mere, yana Mike Lamming na Mike Flynn's "Forget-Me-Not" ngwaọrụ na Xerox EuroPARC, nke na-edekọ ma na-echekwa mmekọrịta na ndị mmadụ na ngwaọrụ. na nchekwa data maka arịrịọ ndị ọzọ.

1994 DARPA na-amalite mmemme Smart Modules, nke na-achọ ịchọta ụzọ enyi na enyi maka laptọọpụ na ngwa eletrọnịkị wearable. Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ahazi nzukọ ọmụmụ ihe "Wearables in 2005", na-eme ka ndị ọhụụ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche chọta ụzọ kacha mma ọnụ. Ma eleghị anya, aha ụlọ ọrụ ndị a bụ nke mbụ e ji aha "wearable" mee ihe na nkà na ụzụ a.

DARPA kwuputara, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, mmepe nke gloves dijitalụ nwere ike ịgụ mkpado RFID, brooches nwere mmetụta mmetụta uche, na igwefoto TV. Agbanyeghị, mmasị akpọlitere ọhụrụ na ngwaọrụ wearable dara n'azụ ka afọ ole na ole gasịrị n'ihi ejiji maka ekwentị mkpanaaka.

2000 Igwe isi nke mbụ pụtara.

2001 A mụrụ ụdị ọkpụkpọ egwu mbụ.

2002 Dị ka akụkụ nke Project Cyborg, Kevin Warwick na-eme ka nwunye ya kwenye ka ọ yie olu olu nke ejikọrọ na usoro ụjọ nke ya site na nhazi electrode etinyere. Agba nke olu ahụ gbanwere dabere na akara sitere na sistemụ ụjọ Kevin.

2003 The Garmin Forerunner pụtara - elekere mbụ n'echiche ọgbara ọhụrụ nke na-enyocha mmezu egwuregwu onye ọrụ. Ọ na-esote ngwaọrụ ndị ọzọ dị ka Nike + iPod Fitness Tracking Device, Fitbit na Jawbone.

2004 N'ịbụ onye sitere n'ike ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri n'Australia, Nick Woodman kpebiri ịrụ obere igwefoto siri ike nke na-ese foto dị iche iche nke mkpagbu ya. Ihe ngosi GoPro mbụ (9) batara n'ahịa na 2004.

2010 Oculus VR na-ewebata ụdị mbụ nke Oculus Rift, enyo nlele n'ezie. Emepụtara ha site na nchịkọta nke $ 2 na saịtị Kickstarter igwe mmadụ. E wepụtara ụdị ndị ahịa nke Oculus Rift CV437 na Maachị 429, 1.

2011 Google na-emepụta ihe ngosi mbụ nke ngwaọrụ a na-akpọ Google Glass (10). Nkà na ụzụ a gbadoro ụkwụ na nyocha n'ime ihe ngosi ndị agha nwere n'isi kemgbe 1995. N'April 2013, Google Glass bụ akụkụ nke otu ndị ọrụ a na-akpọ Glass Explorers ndị a gwara ka ha nwalee echiche ahụ. Na Mee 2014, a na-ere ngwá ọrụ ahụ n'ihu ọha na ọnụahịa mmalite nke $1500. Ọnwa ole na ole ka e mesịrị, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwụsịrị ire Google Glass Explorer, tumadi n'ihi enweghị ngwa ngwa. Agbanyeghị, na Julaị 2017, a mara ọkwa nlọghachi nke ngwaọrụ ahụ na ụdị azụmahịa Enterprise.

2012 smartwatch mbụ site na nkọwa nke taa bụ Pebble (11). Mgbasa ego Kickstarter maka smartwatch ewepụtala $10,2 nde. Pebble kpalitere mmasị ndị ahịa na teknụzụ wearable, nke meghere ụzọ maka smartwatches Apple na gam akporo taa.

September 2013 Intel na-ewulite ihe nrụpụta Quark na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, emebere ya maka ngwaọrụ ọgbọ na-abịa - wearables, ọla, na uwe - nke a na-akpọkwa ultra-mobile. N'okwu a, nchekwa ike na obere akụkụ dị mkpa karịa arụmọrụ.

April 2014 Google na-enye ikpo okwu maka ngwa eletrọnịkị wearable, ọkachasị maka ihe akpọrọ smartwatch akpọrọ Android Wear. Nke a bụ ụdị sistemụ arụmọrụ kachasị ewu ewu maka ngwaọrụ mkpanaka gbanwetụrụ. Ngwa a dabere na “ihe enyemaka” mkpanaka - ngwa Google Now, nke na-enye ọkwa sitere na ngwa yana ozi nke onye ọrụ nwere ike chọọ ugbu a (dịka ọmụmaatụ, amụma ihu igwe). Iji kwalite usoro ọhụrụ ahụ, mogul search engine esorola ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ngwá electronic, gụnyere Asus, Broadcom, Fossil, HTC, Intel, LG, MediaTek, MIPS, Motorola, Qualcomm na Samsung.

January 2015 Premiere nke HoloLens (12), Microsoft kwalitere enyo eziokwu. Na mgbakwunye na ngwaọrụ n'onwe ya, e gosipụtara ike nke ikpo okwu Windows Holographic. Obi nke ngwaọrụ a bụ quad-core 64-bit Intel Atom x5-Z8100 processor nwere ọsọ elekere nke 1,04 GHz, na nkwado eserese bụ nke Intel mgbawa mepere emepe nke akpọrọ HPU (Holographics Processing Unit). Awụnyere igwefoto abụọ n'ime iko - 2,4 MP (2048 × 1152) na 1,1 MP (1408 × 792, 30 FPS), yana Wi-Fi 802.11ac na modul Bluetooth 4.1. A na-enye ike site na batrị 16mAh.

12. HoloLens iko - anya

April 2015 Apple Watch na-abanye n'ahịa na-eji sistemụ arụmọrụ watchOS, nke dabere na sistemụ iOS eji na iPhone, iPod na iPad. Ọ na-enye ohere, gụnyere ihe ndị ọzọ, igosipụta ozi sitere na ekwentị, zaa oku mbata, njikwa egwu ma ọ bụ igwefoto. Na App Store, ị nwere ike ịhụ ngwa nbudata maka Apple Watch na-eme ka ọrụ ya dịkwuo mma. Ọ bụ dakọtara na iPhones si iPhone 5 na n'elu na software n'elu iOS 8, na nke ọ na-ejikọta site ma ọ bụ Bluetooth.

Ụfọdụ ụdị ngwa eletrọnịkị na-eyi

Smartwatch

A kọwapụtara aha a dị ka ngwaọrụ mkpanaka eletrọnịkị nke ụdị ihuenyo mmetụ aka, nha elekere aka, nke na-arụ ọrụ niile nke elekere eletrọnịkị ọdịnala na ụfọdụ ọrụ ekwentị, dị ka igosipụta ozi sitere na ekwentị, na-aza oku. , ma ọ bụ ịchịkwa ekwentị. ihe ọkpụkpọ egwu, yana ọrụ ndị agbakwunyere, dị ka ịlele pulse ma ọ bụ ọnụọgụ nke usoro emere. Ọtụtụ mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ndabere nke Android Wear, iOS ma ọ bụ Tizen arụ ọrụ.

Ngwa nke ụdị a nwere ike ịnwe ngwa dị ka: igwefoto, accelerometer, mgbaàmà vibration, temometa, ọnụọgụ obi, altimeter, barometer, kompas, chronograph, mgbako, ekwentị mkpanaaka, GPS, MP3 player na ndị ọzọ. Ndị nrụpụta na-etinyekwa ụdị nkwukọrịta ikuku dị iche iche n'ime ha, dịka Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC na IrDA. Pebble bụ onye butere elekere smart nke taa. Ugbu a, onye bụ isi n'ahịa a bụ Samsung nwere ụdị Gear na AppleWatch.

Ugogbe anya mara mma

A na-eyi ugogbe anya smart dị ka enyo nkịtị, ha na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka ihe ngosi nke a na-egosipụta ozi ndị ọzọ site na iji teknụzụ eziokwu agbakwunyere - dịka ọmụmaatụ, maapụ nwere ụzọ ụgbọ ala, amụma ihu igwe, ozi gbasara ihe nkiri. Ugogbe anya smart kacha mara amara bụ Google Glass, ọ bụ ezie na ndị asọmpi dị ọnụ ala dịka GlassUp, EmoPulse, ION Smart Glasses, Samsung Smart Glasses na Vuzix M100 apụtala. Ụfọdụ chọrọ ijikọ ekwentị gị, mana ọtụtụ nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ naanị ya.

Ndị na-ahụ maka ahụike

Nke a bụ okwu izugbe. Ihe a na-ahụkarị bụ ihe a na-akpọ mgbaaka ọzụzụ nkwojiaka. Otú ọ dị, anyị na-ekwu maka ụdị ngwaọrụ ọ bụla nke na-atụle usoro ahụike - dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ime obi, nkwonkwo ụkwụ ma ọ bụ ọbụna olu - ma na-enyocha ahụ onye ọrụ.

Ọtụtụ ụdị na-atụ ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ obi, mana ụfọdụ na-edekọkwa nzọụkwụ, reps, iku ume ma ọ bụ kalori ọkụ. Ụdị kachasị ewu ewu bụ Nike Fitband, Fitbit, iHealth na Jawbone. Ngwa ndị a na-enyere aka ịhazi mgbatị ahụ nke onye ọrụ, nweta ebumnobi mbelata ibu, ma tụọ arụmọrụ egwuregwu nke ha.

Mgbaaka nlekota ahụike na ahụike

uwe mara mma

na-kere ọtụtụ nnyocha emmepe nke mahadum na ulo oru laboratories. Dabere na nhazi ahụ, uwe dị otú ahụ kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ nke ekwentị mkpanaaka, kọmputa na ngwa nyocha nke na-enyocha ahụike nke onye na-eyi ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ nwekwara ike ịchịkwa okpomọkụ ahụ.

T-shirts ma ọ bụ sweatshirts (dị ka atụmatụ Google) nwere ihe mmetụta na-enyocha ọrụ akụkụ ahụ, ọnụego iku ume na nyochaa ike ngụgụ. Ha na-atụkwa steepụ anyị, usoro gait rhythm na ike, wdg. A na-eziga data ahụ site na modul pụrụ iche na ngwa mkpanaka nke ama onye ọrụ. N'otu aka ahụ na akpụkpọ ụkwụ.

Sensọ arụnyere n'ime akpụkpọ ụkwụ kwesịrị ịgbaso nzọụkwụ ọ bụla onye na-agba ọsọ na-eme ma dekọọ ya na usoro pụrụ iche. Akụrụngwa dabara na ya na-enyocha data: ọsọ na-agba ọsọ, ike eji etinye ụkwụ, na ibu dị iche iche. A na-ebufe ozi a na smartphone na ngwanrọ na-enye onye na-agba ọsọ ndụmọdụ iji nyere ya aka imeziwanye ụdị ịgba ọsọ ya.

Uwe ngwá electronic - ọ bụghị ndị mmadụ

Ndị na-ewu ewu na-abawanye bụ ndị emebere maka ... anụ ụlọ, gụnyere anụ ugbo, na ọbụna anụ ọhịa. Otu n'ime ha bụ ihe olu GPS, ndị na-ahụ maka ọrụ, ngwa na-achọpụta ọnụọgụ obi, iku ume na ihe ndị ọzọ. Anụ ọhịa ndị nwere ihe mmetụta na ndị na-ebufe ihe, na ọbụna igwefoto, nwere ike inyere ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị aka ịmụta gburugburu ebe obibi ha site n'inye data sitere na mpaghara ebe ha bi.

Olu olu n'ikuku na fhịhị