Ọrụ AL, akụkụ 1
Onye na-ebu ụgbọ elu ọkụ Ryūjō na Ụdị 94 na-amaba bọmbụ (Aichi D1A2, codename Susie). E weere foto a na 1938, ikekwe n'oge agha na South China Sea. Ryūjō bụ otu n'ime ụgbọ elu kacha ochie na ndị agha mmiri Japan. Otu ikuku ya nwere ihe ruru 34 ụgbọ elu ọgụ (dabere na oge), ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nwere ahụmịhe ọgụ dị ukwuu. Ndị na-ebu ụgbọ elu so na agha Sino-Japanese, na ọnwa abụọ gara aga bụ ọkpụkpụ azụ nke ndị agha Vice Admiral Jinsaburo Ozawa nyere n'iwu n'oge mwakpo na ahịrị ndị Britain na-ebubata na Bay nke Bengal.
June 1942 na Agha Pasifik na-ejikọkarị ya na agha US Navy Agha nke Midway meriri, bụ nke tụgharịrị n'ọgbọ agha gara aga. Otú ọ dị, n'otu oge ahụ, nke abụọ, nke na-adịchaghị mkpa nke mkpasu iwe ndị Japan mere n'ebe ugwu dị anya. Operation AL, nke aha ya bụ Aleutian Archipelago, kwesịrị inye aka na mgbasawanye nke ihe nchebe ndị Japan n'ime Far East. Ọtụtụ akụkọ ifo bilitere gburugburu ihe ndị mere na North Pacific Ocean, bụ ndị na-apụtaghị n'ezie na mkpọsa a echefuru echefu.
The ịga nke ọma ẹkụre akpa akụkụ nke agha na Pacific na mbụ ụbọchị iri nke March 1942 kwere ka ọchịagha nke Combined Fleet, Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, mejuputa a ize ndụ atụmatụ maka oké agha na US Navy na Central Pacific. Oke osimiri. Ihe ịtụnanya ndị Amerịka wakporo Tokyo na Eprel 17, nke a na-akpọkarị Doolittle Raid, ọ bụghị naanị mere ka ndị Japan mara mkpa ndị na-ebu ụgbọ elu na ọgụ na-aga n'ihu, kamakwa ọ dị mkpa ka ha nweta ụzọ kacha nso n'agwaetiti ha. Ọ bụ ezie na ebe dị anya site na Pearl Harbor ruo n'isi obodo Japan ewepụghị ohere nke ibuso ndị iro ọgụ n'etiti etiti oke osimiri Pasifik, ohere nke ịgafe agwaetiti Aleutian ewepụghị kpamkpam. Ọnọdụ America kachasị elu dị na Attu Island, ihe na-erughị kilomita 230 site na Islands Commander, 730 kilomita site na Kuril Islands na ihe na-erughị 2000 kilomita site na Tokyo.
40th P-11E Fighter Squadron dabere na Otter Point (Umnak).
Nsogbu atụmatụ ọzọ chere ndị agha mmiri Japan ihu bụ imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti United States na Soviet Union. Kemgbe mmalite nke Operation Barbarossa, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Washington na Moscow na-ekpo ọkụ nke ukwuu. N'ime awa ole na ole nke June 1941, ndị Soviet ghọrọ ndị enyi nkịtị nke Allies n'ọgụ megide Ọchịchị nke Atọ. Ọ bụ ezie na United States ekwupụtaghị n'ihu ọha na ya na-ekere òkè na esemokwu zuru ụwa ọnụ, echiche na omume ndị na-emegide Nazi nke President F.D. Roosevelt mere ka o doo anya na America ga-akwado ọ bụghị nanị Great Britain, ma ndị agha niile na-emegide Nazi. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ bụ njikọ aka iji merie Germany, mana ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Tokyo na Washington na-akawanye njọ na ọkara nke abụọ nke 1941, nkwekọrịta ọ bụla ya na ndị agbata obi ya dị ka ọ na-esighi ike karịa mgbe ọ bụla. North Pacific bụ àkwà mmiri sitere n'okike maka nkwado US-Soviet megide Japan. Ijikwa agụba ahụ n'ime obi Japan bụ ọrụ dịịrị otu nwoke: Joseph Stalin. Ndị Japan maara eziokwu a nke ọma, ha kwesịkwara ime ihe iji belata ihe egwu a.
Ka ọ na-erule oge agha na Pacific malitere, Combined Fleet enweelarị otu nke na-ahụ maka ichebe akụkụ ugwu nke mba ahụ site na ntinye aka Soviet ma ọ bụ mwakpo bọmbụ ndị iro. Ọ bụ 5th Fleet, nke kwụsịrị na Julaị 25, 1941, ka onye isi ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri Admiral Osami Nagano tinyechara aka ya na Emperor Hirohito2 ozugbo. A họpụtara Vice Admiral Boshiro Hosogaya onye ọchịagha ya, na Vice Admiral Tasuku Nakagawa bụ onye isi ndị ọrụ. Fleet nke ise na mbụ nwere 5st Cruiser Squadron nke Light cruisers Tama (flagship) na Kiso, yana ụgbọ mmiri torpedo Sagi na Hato21. Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke afọ a kwadoro ya site na 3th Base Unit (7th Gunboat Squadron, 10th Minesweeper Squadron na 17th Destroyer Squadron) 66. N'oge ọrụ South, Vice Admiral Hosogaya e kenyere ka ọ na-agagharị na mmiri gburugburu Kuril Islands , Hokkaido, n'ebe ugwu. Honshu na Ogasawara Islands, nke na-egosi na ndị Japan na-atụ anya mbuso agha mmiri US na Tokyo.
Mmasị Nippon Kaigun nwere na North Pacific malitere na Febụwarị 1942, mgbe ndị na-ebu ụgbọ elu America butere ọgụ mbụ na-aga nke ọma megide ntọala ndị Japan na-aga n'ihu na Pacific. Ugbua n'oge ahụ, isi ụlọ ọrụ nke United Fleet tụrụ aro ibi n'àgwàetiti Kiska na Aleutian Archipelago, nke ga-ọ bụghị nanị na-ewepụ ihe iyi egwu nke US bombu wakporo n'àgwàetiti ebe obibi, ma gbasaa agbachitere contour nke Japanese nsoro na ndị Japan. oke ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ. .
Ntụle gbasara ebe atụmatụ dị n'agwaetiti Aleutian bụ akụkụ nke arụmụka buru ibu gbasara uru nke Operation MI nke mere n'ime ọtụtụ ọnwa Maachị na mbido Eprel n'etiti isi ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha mmiri na ndị agha jikọtara ọnụ. N'ikpeazụ, Yamamoto mere atụmatụ mbụ ya maka agha ndị na-ebu ibu na Central Pacific, ma Ụlọ ọrụ Navy na-enwetakwa nkwa nke nchebe maka àgwàetiti ndị dị n'ebe ugwu. N'ime akụkọ e nyere Emperor Hirohito na Eprel 15, ndị agha mmiri Japan gosipụtara na: n'ọgbọ nke abụọ nke agha ahụ, ọ dị mkpa, n'otu ọrụ, ijide ma ọ bụ bibie isi ọnọdụ na agwaetiti Aleutian ngwa ngwa o kwere mee, si otú ahụ. na-egbochi omume US ọ bụla na North Pacific.
Doolittle Rally mere ka nkwenye ndị Japan sikwuo ike na ndị isi na-emegide Nippon Kaigun bụ ndị na-ebu ụgbọ elu America, nke n'oge ọ bụla nwere ike iyi egwu nkwurịta okwu dị n'ime n'ime nnukwu ihe nchebe. Ihe ọzọ pụta ozugbo mbuso agha Tokyo bụ mgbanwe mberede na echiche ndị agha na atụmatụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Aleutians na Midway. N'agbanyeghị na enweghị nkwa nke ndị agha agbakwunyere, enwere nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta maka otu ndị agha ahọpụtara ka ha sonye n'ọrụ amfibili megide ebumnuche abụọ ahụ.
Ndabere maka ọrụ "MI" na "AL" bụ nnukwu usoro nke ndị agha mmiri nke 18 nke May 5, 1942. Onye dere ya bụ Admiral Nagano, onye nyere Admiral Yamamoto iwu ka ya na ndị agha jikọtara ọnụ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji wakpo Midway na Aleutian Islands. N'otu ụbọchị ahụ, e nyere Great Order of the Navy No. 7, na-akọwapụta ebumnuche nke Operation AL 94 na isi iri na atọ. Dabere na ndị a, Combined Fleet nyere iwu ka a na-etinye ngwa ngwa nke ndị agha na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Ominato (nke dị na ugwu Honshu) na Mee 8, nke ga-adịru izu abụọ.
Atụmatụ ikpeazụ maka Operation AL bụ mbuso agha nke agwaetiti Attu na Kiska, nke ga-ebute mbibi nke ndị agha mmiri nke ndị agha America na Adak Island na Dutch Harbor na Unalaska Island. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị Japan na-eme atụmatụ na e nwere nanị ole na ole nrụnye agha na n'elu ọnọdụ, na-echebe site na ike nke mejupụtara nanị obere ụgbọ mmiri dị nro, egbe egbe abụọ na otu ndị na-ebibi ihe, e bu n'obi, Otú ọ dị, ka neutralize ha n'ụgbọelu.
N'ime ụbọchị nke ịtụ ọrụ mkpasu iwe na amphibious na Aleutian Islands, ndị America na ndị Japan na-alụ ọgụ n'Oké Osimiri Coral na agha mbụ na-ebu agha na akụkọ ihe mere eme. N'agbanyeghị mkpọda nke Lexington na nnukwu mmebi nke Yorktown, ọ gosipụtara ọdịda dị mma maka Combined Fleet, bụ nke a manyere ịhapụ atụmatụ ya ijide Port Moresby ma kewapụ Australia ọzọ. Mgba na South Pacific nwekwara mmetụta dị egwu na usoro nke Operation MI, nke ọ na-esoghị n'ikpeazụ. Otu ụgbọ elu na-ebu ụgbọ elu nke nwere abụọ n'ime ndị na-ebu ụgbọ elu ọgbara ọhụrụ na ụgbọ elu Japan - Shōkaku na Zuikaku.
Mgbanwe na-adịghị mma nke ihe omume na Oké Osimiri Coral egbochighị Admiral Yamamoto ịtụgharị uche n'ihe ndị a chọrọ iji mee ihe maka agha siri ike na ndị agha mmiri US na mpaghara Midway. N'iji ohere nke mkpasu iwe zuru oke na Central Pacific, isi ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha mmiri mekwara atụmatụ atụmatụ ya ijide Attu na Kiska na bọmbụ Dutch Harbor. Kido Butai nke abụọ, nke gụnyere onye na-ebu ụgbọ elu e nyere ọrụ ọhụrụ bụ Junyo na onye na-ebu ụgbọ elu a ma ama Ryujo, ka ekenyere Operation AL. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị otu ụgbọ elu nke brigade dum nwere obere ike igbu (naanị ndị agha 2, ndị na-atụ bọmbụ 30 na bọmbụ 18 na-atụ egwu), ụgbọ elu America dị na North Pacific emeghị ndị Japan ihe egwu. N'ịbụ ndị nwere ụgbọ mmiri dị arọ atọ, ụgbọ mmiri atọ dị mfe, ndị na-ebibi ihe iri na otu na ndị ọzọ, 15th Fleet, n'okpuru iwu nke Vice Admiral Hosogei, ga-agbatị ihe nchebe ruo n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ.
Kiska rụrụ ọrụ pụrụ iche na atụmatụ atụmatụ Japan na mpaghara Aleutian Islands. Site na njide Midway, ndị Japan nwere ike na-eme njem nlegharị anya mgbe niile 700 kilomita n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda nke agwaetiti abụọ ahụ, nke ma ọ dịkarịa ala akụkụ (dabere na ọnọdụ ihu igwe) wepụrụ ihe mberede ndị iro wakporo n'àgwàetiti ndị dị n'ụsọ osimiri site na mpaghara ugwu nke osimiri ahụ. . Oke osimiri Pasifik. Njide nke Kiska na Midway n'otu oge pụtara n'omume na ndị agha mmiri ga-eguzobe usoro nchebe zuru oke na Pacific, na-esi na Aleutian Islands gafee Midway, Wake, Truk, na njedebe na ọnọdụ ndị dị na Solomon Islands guzobere na mbido May.
Na Mee 25, Kido Butai nke abụọ hapụrụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na Ominato, na-aga Unalaska. N'ịbụ ndị kwenyesiri ike na ndị America enweghị nnukwu ndị agha na mpaghara ahụ, Kiska Invasion Force hapụrụ Sendai Harbor na May 2, otu ụbọchị ka e mesịrị na 28:11 site na Ominato Attu's Invasion Force eweghachiri. Ebumnuche nke Combined Fleet bụ imekọrịta ọrụ MI na AL iji ju ndị iro anya kpamkpam ma gbochie ha iziga nkwado na North Pacific.
