Ogologo oge ịgbanye mmanụ ụgbọala

Ụkpụrụ kachasị mkpa maka ịkwalite ọrụ nke engine diesel bụ:

• obere toxicity nke iyuzucha gas;
• obere mkpọtụ ụda nke usoro combustion;
• obere mmanụ ụgbọala oriri.

Oge mgbapụta mgbapụta na-amalite inye mmanụ a na-akpọ mmalite nke ọkọnọ (ma ọ bụ mmechi ọwa). A na-ahọrọ oge a n'ime oge dabere na oge igbu oge (ma ọ bụ naanị ike na-egbu oge). Ndị a bụ paramita mgbanwe na-adabere na ụdị ọrụ a kapịrị ọnụ. A na-akọwa oge igbu oge nke injection dị ka oge dị n'etiti mmalite nke ọkọnọ na mmalite nke ịgbanye, na oge nkwụsị ọkụ ka a na-akọwa dị ka oge dị n'etiti mmalite ịgba ọgwụ na mmalite nke combustion. A kọwapụtara mmalite nke ntụtụ dị ka akụkụ nke ntụgharị nke crankshaft na mpaghara TDC nke injector na-agbanye mmanụ n'ime ụlọ ọkụ.

A na-akọwa mmalite nke combustion dị ka oge mgbanye nke ikuku / mmanụ ọkụ, nke nwere ike imetụta mmalite nke ntụtụ. Na nfuli mmanụ ọkụ dị elu, ọ kachasị mma iji dozie mmalite nke ọkọnọ (mmechi nke ọwa) dabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbanwe site na iji ngwaọrụ ọganihu injection.

Ebumnuche nke ngwaọrụ aga n'ihu ịgba ọgwụ

Ebe ọ bụ na ngwaọrụ aga n'ihu ịgba ọgwụ na-agbanwe ozugbo oge mmalite ịgba ọgwụ, enwere ike ịkọwa ya dị ka onye njikwa mmalite ịgba ọgwụ. Ngwa ụdị ịgba ntụtụ nke eccentric (nke a na-akpọkwa nrụnye nrịbama injection) na-atụgharị ike injin ewetere na mgbapụta ịgba ntụtụ, ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ nhazi ya. Igwe mmiri a chọrọ site na mgbapụta injection na-adabere n'ogo nke mgbapụta injection, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke piston abụọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmanụ a na-agbanye, nrụgide injection, dayameta plunger na ọdịdị cam. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na torque engine nwere mmetụta kpọmkwem na arụmọrụ oge injection ga-atụle n'ime imewe yana mmepụta ike.

Nrụgide cylinder

Osikapa. Nrụgide tankị: A. Mmalite ịgba ọgwụ; B. Mmalite nke ọkụ; C. Ọkụ na-egbu oge. 1. Ọsọ mmalite; 2. Mkpakọ strok; 3. Ọrụ ọrụ; 4. Hapụ ọsọ OT-TDC, UT-NMT; 5. Nrụgide na cylinder, mmanya; 6. Piston ọnọdụ.

Nhazi nke ngwaọrụ aga n'ihu nke injection

A na-etinyekwa ngwaọrụ aga n'ihu nke ịgba ọgwụ maka mgbapụta in-line na njedebe nke camshaft mgbapụta. Enwere nnukwu ihe dị iche n'etiti ngwaọrụ nkwalite ụdị ntụtụ mepere emepe na mechiri emechi.

Ngwa ụdị ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi mechiri emechi nwere ebe nchekwa mmanụ na-eme mmanụ nke ya, nke na-eme ka ngwaọrụ ahụ nwee onwe ya pụọ ​​​​na sistemu mmanụ mmanụ. A na-ejikọta imewe ahụ na-emeghe ozugbo na usoro mmanụ ọkụ nke engine. A na-ejikọta ahụ nke ngwaọrụ ahụ na gearbox na kposara, a na-etinyekwa eccentrics na-akwụ ụgwọ na nhazi n'ime ahụ ka ha na-atụgharị n'efu. A na-eduzi nkwụghachi ụgwọ na mmezi eccentric site na ntụtụ ejikọrọ na ahụ siri ike. Na mgbakwunye na ịbụ ọnụ ala, ụdị "oghere" nwere uru nke ịchọ obere ohere na lubricates nke ọma.

Ụkpụrụ nke ịrụ ọrụ nke ngwaọrụ ọganihu injection

Ngwa ịgba ntụtụ a na-eji ụgbọ oloko gia arụnyere n'ime oge njin. A na-eme njikọ dị n'etiti ntinye na mmepụta maka draịva (ebe) site na ụzọ abụọ nke ihe eccentric na-ejikọta ọnụ.

Ndị kasị ukwuu n'ime ha, ndị na-emezi eccentrics (4), dị na oghere nke diski nkwụsị (8), nke a na-agbanye na ihe mbanye (1). A na-etinye ihe eccentric na-akwụ ụgwọ (5) na nhazi eccentrics (4) ma na-eduzi ha na bolt na hubs (6). N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-ejikọta bolt hub na oghere (2). A na-ejikọta ihe dị arọ (7) na eccentric na-edozi ma na-ejide ya n'ọnọdụ mbụ ha site na isi iyi nke isi ike dị iche iche.

Rice a) na mmalite; b) obere ọsọ; c) nkezi ntụgharị; d) ọnọdụ njedebe dị elu; a bụ ụzọ ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi.

Akụkụ ngwaọrụ aga n'ihu injection

The size nke injection tupu ngwaọrụ, kpebisiri ike site na mpụga dayameta na omimi, n'aka nke na-ekpebi uka nke arụnyere arọ, anya n'etiti etiti nke ike ndọda na ụzọ kwere omume nke ije nke arọ. Ihe atọ a na-ekpebikwa mmepụta ike na ngwa.

M size injection mgbapụta

Osikapa. M size injection mgbapụta

Osikapa. 1. valvụ nchekwa; 2. Aka uwe; 7 camshaft; 8. Kam.

M-size injection mgbapụta bụ obere mgbapụta n'ahịrị nke nfuli injection in-line. Ọ nwere ahụ alloy dị ọkụ ma tinyekwa flange na injin. Ịnweta n'ime mgbapụta ahụ ga-ekwe omume mgbe e wepụrụ efere isi na mkpuchi n'akụkụ, ya mere a na-akọwa nha M mgbapụta dị ka mgbapụta mgbapụta na-emeghe. Nrụgide injection kachasị dị na 400 mmanya.

Mgbe o wepụsịrị mkpuchi n'akụkụ nke mgbapụta ahụ, ọnụọgụ mmanụ ọkụ na-enye site na ụzọ abụọ plunger nwere ike gbanwee ma debe ya n'otu ọkwa ahụ. A na-eme mgbanwe n'otu n'otu site na ịkwaga akụkụ ndị na-akụchi na mkpanaka njikwa (4).

N'oge a na-arụ ọrụ, ntinye nke mgbapụta mgbapụta na, ya na ha, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmanụ a na-enye na-edozi ya site na mkpanaka njikwa n'ime oke nke atụmatụ nke mgbapụta ahụ kpebiri. M-size injection mgbapụta mkpanaka bụ mkpanaka nchara gburugburu nke nwere ihe dị larịị, nke a na-etinye ihe nkwụnye oghere (5). A na-ejikọta levers (3) na ogwe aka nke ọ bụla, na mkpanaka riveted na njedebe ya na-abanye n'ime oghere nke njikwa mkpanaka. A maara atụmatụ a dị ka njikwa lever.

Ndị na-agbapụta mgbapụta ịgba ntụtụ na-akpakọrịta kpọmkwem na tappets roller (6), a na-edozikwa ọrịa strok ahụ na mbụ site na ịhọrọ rollers nke dayameta kwesịrị ekwesị maka tappet.

A na-eme mmanu nke mgbapụta ntụtụ nke nha M site na ntinye mmanụ injin. M nfuli ịgba ntụtụ dị na 4,5 ma ọ bụ 6 piston ụzọ abụọ (4-, 5- ma ọ bụ 6-cylinder nfuli) na e mere maka mmanụ dizel naanị.

Nha mgbapụta igba ogwu A

Osikapa. Nha A Mgbapụta Mgbapụta

In-line A-frame injection nfuli na a obosara nnyefe nso ozugbo na-eso M-frame injection mgbapụta. Nke a mgbapụta nwekwara a ìhè alloy casing na ike n'ịnyịnya na a moto na a flange ma ọ bụ a frame. Ụdị mgbapụta mgbapụta ụdị A nwekwara atụmatụ "meghere", na ntinye mgbapụta mgbapụta (2) na-esi n'elu na-agbanye ozugbo n'ime ụlọ aluminom, ebe mgbakọ mkpofu (1) na-agbanye n'ime oghere mgbapụta injection site na iji njide valve. Nrụgide mkpuchi, nke dị elu karịa nrụgide hydraulic ọkọnọ, ga-etinyerịrị ya site na ụlọ mgbapụta injection. N'ihi nke a, nrụgide injection kachasị dị na 600 bar.

N'adịghị ka mgbapụta mgbapụta ụdị M, ụdị mgbapụta ụdị A na-eji ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe (ya na mkpịsị mkpọchi) (7) na nke ọ bụla roller tappet (8) iji dozie prestroke.

Iji dozie ọnụ ọgụgụ mmanụ ụgbọala na-enye site na ụgbọ okporo ígwè (4), mgbapụta mgbapụta A-ụdị, n'adịghị ka mgbapụta mgbapụta ụdị M, na-eji njikwa ihe eji eme ihe, ọ bụghịkwa nkedo. Akụkụ nke nwere ezé edobere na aka njikwa (5) nke plunger na-etinye aka na njikwa njikwa na iji dozie ụzọ abụọ nke plungers n'otu ụzọ ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ịtọghe skru setịpụrụ wee tụgharịa aka njikwa akara aka elekere na nso nso a. akụkụ ezé ma si otú ahụ ikwu na ụgbọ okporo ígwè akara.

A ghaghị ịrụ ọrụ niile maka ịhazigharị ụdị mgbapụta ntụtụ a na mgbapụta na-agbanye na nkwado yana oghere oghere. Dị ka mgbapụta mgbapụta M, ụdị mgbapụta ụdị A nwere mkpuchi akụkụ mmiri nke a ga-ewepụrịrị iji nweta ohere ịbanye n'ime mgbapụta ntụtụ ahụ.

Maka mmanu mmanu, a na-ejikọta mgbapụta injection na sistemu mmanụ ọkụ. Ụdị mgbapụta mmanụ ọkụ dị elu dị na nsụgharị ruo 12 cylinders na, n'adịghị ka ụdị mgbapụta mmanụ ọkụ dị elu, dị mma maka ịrụ ọrụ na ụdị mmanụ dị iche iche (ọ bụghị naanị mmanụ dizel).

WM nha mgbapụta mgbapụta

Osikapa. HPFP nha WM

Emebere mgbapụta MW in-line iji gboo mkpa nrụgide dị elu. Igwe ntụtụ MW bụ ụdị mgbapụta in-line mechiri emechi nke nwere oke nrụnye injection nwere oke 900 bar. Ọ nwekwara ahụ alloy ọkụ ma tinye ya na injin ya na etiti, ntọala dị larịị ma ọ bụ flange.

Nhazi nke mgbapụta mgbapụta MW dị iche n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama na nhazi nke nfuli injection A na M. Ihe dị iche iche bụ iji ụzọ abụọ nke plungers, gụnyere bushing (3), valvụ na-ekpochapụ na ihe na-ekpuchi valve. A na-etinye ya n'èzí engine ma tinye ya n'elu n'ime ụlọ mgbapụta injection. N'elu mgbapụta ịgba ọgwụ MW, a na-agbanye ihe njide valvụ nrụgide ozugbo n'ime ọhịa na-arịgo elu. A na-achịkwa tupu ọrịa strok site na shims nke etinyere n'etiti ahụ na aka aka ya na mgbakọ valve. A na-eme ngbanwe nke otu ụdị plunger n'otu n'otu na mpụga mgbapụta ịgbanye site na ịtụgharị ụzọ abụọ plunger. Enyere piston ụzọ na-arị elu flanges (1) nwere oghere maka ebumnuche a.

Osikapa. 1. Flange maka fastening a ụzọ plungers; 2. valvụ nchekwa; 3. Aka uwe; 4. Plunger; 5. Ụgbọ okporo ígwè njikwa; 6. Ogwe njikwa; 7. Roller pusher; 8 camshaft; 9. Kam.

Ọkwa nke mgbapụta mgbapụta mgbapụta na-anọgide na-agbanweghị mgbe a na-atụgharị mgbakọ aka aka ya na valvụ mwepu (2). MW injection mgbapụta dị na nsụgharị na 8 aka uwe (8 cylinders) na adabara dị iche iche arịọnụ ụzọ. Ọ na-eji mmanụ dizel na-agba, a na-esikwa n'usoro mmanu mmanu nke engine na-ete ya mmanụ.

P-size mgbapụta mgbapụta

Osikapa. P-size mgbapụta mgbapụta

Osikapa. 1. valvụ nchekwa; 2. Aka uwe; 3. njikwa traction; 4. Ogwe njikwa; 5. Roller pusher; 6 camshaft; 7. Igwefoto.

A na-emepụtakwa mgbapụta mgbapụta P size (ụdị) dị n'ahịrị iji nye nrụgide injection dị elu. Dị ka mgbapụta MW, nke a bụ mgbapụta ụdị mechiri emechi nke a na-etinye na injin ya na isi ma ọ bụ flange. N'ihe banyere nfuli injection ụdị P, nke emebere maka nrụnye nrịba elu nke 850 mmanya, a na-etinye aka (2) n'ime ogwe aka flange, nke etinyerelarị eri maka njide valve mgbapụta (1). Site na ụdị ntinye aka nke a, ike mkpuchi anaghị ebu ihe mkpuchi mgbapụta. A na-edobe ọrịa strok ahụ n'otu ụzọ ahụ maka mgbapụta injection MW.

Nfuli mmanụ ọkụ dị elu nke dị n'ahịrị emebere maka nrụgide injection dị ala na-eji ndochi nkịtị nke eriri mmanụ. N'okwu a, mmanụ ọkụ na-agafe n'ahịrị mmanụ ọkụ nke onye ọ bụla n'ime bushes n'otu n'otu na n'akụkụ nke ogologo axis nke mgbapụta injection. Mmanụ ụgbọala na-abanye n'ahịrị wee pụọ site na usoro nlọghachi mmanụ.

Inweta ụdị mgbapụta P8000 P1150 dị ka ihe atụ, nke akwadoro maka nrụgide injection ruo 40 mmanya (n'akụkụ mgbapụta injection), usoro njuputa a nwere ike ibute oke ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ (ihe ruru XNUMX Celsius C) n'ime mgbapụta ịgba ntụtụ n'etiti mbụ na ikpeazụ sooks. Ebe ọ bụ na njupụta ike nke mmanụ ụgbọala na-ebelata site na mmụba mmanụ ọkụ na ya mere na-abawanye ụda, nke a ga-eme ka a na-agbanye ike dị iche iche n'ime ụlọ ọkụ nke engine. N'akụkụ a, nfuli mmanụ ọkụ dị elu dị otú ahụ na-eji ndochi transverse, ya bụ, usoro nke na-ekewapụta eriri mmanụ nke hoses nke ọ bụla n'otu n'otu site na oghere ndị na-agba agba).

A na-ejikọkwa mgbapụta ntụtụ a na sistemụ mmanye mmanụ maka mmanu mmanu. Ụdị mgbapụta mmanụ dị elu nke P dị na nsụgharị nwere ihe ruru 12 liners (cylinders) ma dị mma maka mmanụ dizel na mmanụ ndị ọzọ.