Mmanụ moto na-emebi emebi. Nhazi na ngụkọta oge
Na-ekpofu mmanụ sịntetik na ọkara sịntetik mmanụ moto
Ngwaahịa mmanụ eji eme ihe nwere kemịkalụ 10 ruo 30. N'ime ha bụ lead, zinc na ọla ndị ọzọ dị arọ, yana calcium, phosphorus na polycyclic organic ogige. Ihe ndị dị otú ahụ na-eguzogide ire ere, na-emebi ala, mmiri, ma na-ebute mmụgharị cellular na osisi na ụmụ mmadụ.
- Mmanụ ịnweta nwere akụkụ dị nta nke nhazi mmanụ ma nwee ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe mgbakwunye, stabilizers na halogen reagen.
- A na-enweta mmanụ aṅụ Semi-synthetic site n'ịgbanwe mmanụ sitere n'okike site na iwebata ihe mgbakwunye.
- Analọgụ sịntetik bụ ngwaahịa sitere na njikọ kemịkalụ.
N'agbanyeghị ebe ọ si, mmiri mmanye na-agụnye alkanes nwere ọnụọgụ carbon C12 - SITE20, cyclic aromatic ogige (arenes) na naphthene mmepụta.
N'ihi ọrụ, mmanụ na-ekpughe nrụgide okpomọkụ. N’ihi ya, a na-eme ka cycles organic na naphthenes oxidized, agbụ paraffin na-agbajikwa ghọọ nke dị mkpụmkpụ. Ihe mgbakwunye, ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na ihe asphalt-resinous na-ebuli elu. Na steeti a, mmanụ anaghị emezu ihe achọrọ arụ ọrụ, injin ahụ na-agbakwa maka iyi. A na-ahapụ ngwaahịa mkpofu n'ime ikuku ma na-ebute ihe iyi egwu gburugburu ebe obibi.
Ụzọ mgharịgharị na mkpofu
A na-enwetaghachi ihe mkpofu mmanụ ma ọ bụrụ na usoro a nwere ike ịba uru n'ụzọ akụ na ụba. Ma ọ bụghị ya, a na-akpọ ihe mkpofu ọkụ ma ọ bụ lie ya. Ụzọ mmeghari:
- Ngwọta kemịkalụ - ọgwụgwọ sulfuric acid, alkaline hydrolysis, ọgwụgwọ na calcium carbide.
- Ịdị ọcha nke anụ ahụ - centrifugation, nhazi, multi-stage filtration.
- Ụzọ anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal - mmezi, ion-exchange filtration, mmịpụta, nkewa adsorption, coagulation.
A na-asachapụ ihe mkpofu mmanụ na-adịghị mma maka mmụgharị site na ọla dị arọ, mmiri emulsion, na ogige na-eguzogide okpomọkụ. A na-eji mmiri mmiri na-esi na ya pụta dị ka mmanụ ọkụ maka ụlọ ọkụ ọkụ. A na-eme ngụkọta nke ihe mkpofu dị ka usoro a si dị:
Мmma = KKl×в× ρм×∑ Viм× Kipr×Ni×Li / MiL× 10-3,
ebe: Мmma - ego mmanụ enwetara (kg);
КKl - ndeksi basin;
Кв - ihe ndozi maka pasent mmiri;
ρм - njupụta n'efu;
Viм - ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmiri mmanu mmanu a wụsara n'ime usoro;
Li - ike nke hydraulic unit kwa afọ (km);
НiL - ọnụego nke kwa afọ agbara;
Кipr bụ ihe na-adịghị ọcha;
Ni - ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nrụnye arụ ọrụ (engine).
Klas Hazard
A na-ekewa mkpofu mmiri mmiri sitere na ụgbọ ala, ụgbọ elu na mmanụ ndị ọzọ dị ka klaasị ihe egwu nke atọ. Ngwakọta na-eguzogide ọgwụ nke usoro naphthenic na-ebute ihe iyi egwu na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ndị dị otú ahụ cyclic reagents na-eduga ná mgbanwe na osisi DNA, autosomal na oncological ọrịa na ụmụ mmadụ. Ọla dị arọ na-ebute mmebi cellular na akụrụ, ngụgụ na akụkụ ahụ ndị ọzọ. Organochlorine na organophosphorus ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ na mmanụ sịntetik na-akpali ụkwara, mkpụmkpụ ume, na n'ọnọdụ siri ike na-eduga na njide iku ume. Ihe mkpofu na-emerụ ahụ nke mmanụ moto na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nnụnụ na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ.
