Pasent mejupụtara mmanụ engine
Nhazi ọkwa nke mmanụ
Dị ka usoro nke inweta mmanụ maka ime ụlọ combustion engines, a na-ekewa n'ime 3 otu:
- Mineral (petroleum)
Enwetara ya site na nchacha mmanụ kpọmkwem na-esote nkewa nke alkanes. Ngwaahịa dị otú ahụ nwere ihe ruru 90% hydrocarbons juru eju. A na-eji paraffins dị elu mara ya (heterogenity of molecular weights of chains). N'ihi ya: mmanụ mmanu bụ thermally ejighị n'aka na ọ dịghị ejigide viscosity n'oge ọrụ.
- Sịntetik
Ngwaahịa nke petrochemical njikọ. Ihe eji eme ihe bụ ethylene, nke, site na polymerization catalytic, a na-enweta isi ihe dị arọ nke ọma na ụdọ polymer ogologo. Ọ dịkwa ike ịnweta mmanụ sịntetik site na hydrocracking ịnweta analogues. Ọ dị iche na njirimara arụ ọrụ na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe n'oge ndụ ọrụ niile.
- Semi-synthetic
Na-anọchi anya ngwakọta nke ịnweta (70-75%) na mmanụ sịntetik (ruo 30%).
Na mgbakwunye na mmanụ isi, ngwaahịa emechara na-agụnye ngwugwu ihe mgbakwunye na-edozi viscosity, detergent, dispersant na ihe ndị ọzọ nke mmiri mmiri.
Edebere ihe mejupụtara nke mmiri mmanụ mmanụ na tebụl n'okpuru:
| Akụkụ | Pasent |
| Ihe ndabere (paraffins juru, polyalkylnaphthalenes, polyalphaolefins, linear alkylbenzenes, na esters) |
~ 90% |
| Ngwunye mgbakwunye (ndị na-ahụ maka viscosity stabilizers, ihe nchebe na ihe mgbakwunye antioxidant) | Ruo 10% |
Ngwakọta mmanụ engine na pasent
Isi ọdịnaya ruru 90%. Site na ọdịdị kemịkalụ, enwere ike ịwapụta ìgwè ndị na-esonụ:
- Hydrocarbons (akenes nwere oke na polymer aromatic unsaturated).
- Mgbagwoju anya ethers.
- Polyorganosiloxanes.
- Polyisoparaffins (isomers oghere nke alkenes na ụdị polymer).
- Halogenated polymers.
Otu dị iche iche nke ogige na-eme ka 90% dị arọ nke ngwaahịa emechara ma na-enye mma mmanu, ncha na ịdị ọcha. Otú ọ dị, ihe onwunwe nke mmanụ mmanu mmanụ anaghị emezu ihe achọrọ nke ịrụ ọrụ. Yabụ, paraffins juputara na oke okpomoku na-etolite nkwụnye ego coke n'elu injin ahụ. Esters na-enweta hydrolysis iji mepụta acid, nke na-eduga na corrosion. Iji wezuga mmetụta ndị dị otú ahụ, a na-ewebata ndị mgbanwe pụrụ iche.
ngwugwu mgbakwunye - mejupụtara na ọdịnaya
Oke nke modifiers na mmanụ moto bụ 10%. Enwere ọtụtụ "ngwugwu mgbakwunye" emebere nke na-agụnye otu ihe iji mee ka parampat achọrọ nke mmanụ mmanu. Anyị depụtara njikọ ndị kacha mkpa:
- Calcium alkylsulfonate dị arọ molekụla dị elu bụ ncha. Oke: 5%
- Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (Zn-DADTP) - na-echebe elu igwe site na oxidation na mmebi n'ibu. Ọdịnaya: 2%.
- Polymethylsiloxane - ihe mgbakwunye na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ (mgbochi ụfụfụ) na oke nke 0,004%
- Polyalkenylsuccinimide bụ ihe mgbakwunye na-ekesa ncha nke agbakwunyere yana ihe mgbochi corrosion n'ihe ruru 2%.
- Polyalkyl methacrylates bụ ihe mgbakwunye na-akụda mmụọ na-egbochi mmiri ozuzo nke polymers mgbe a na-ebelata okpomọkụ. Ekekọrịta: ihe na-erughị 1%.
Tinyere ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe nke akọwara n'elu, mmanụ sịntetik na ọkara-synthetic mmanụ agwụla nwere ike ịnwe demulsifying, oke nrụgide na ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ. Ngụkọta pasent nke ngwugwu ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe adịghị agafe 10-11%. Agbanyeghị, a na-ahapụ ụfọdụ ụdị mmanụ sịntetik ka ọ nwee ihe mgbakwunye ihe ruru 25%.
