Ngwakọta ngwaọrụ nke traktọ

Mmekọrịta kinematic na ike nke njikọ njem nke okporo ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na ụgbọala na-adọkpụ na-eme site n'iji ihe na-adọkpụ (Fig 1).

Ngwaọrụ ejikọtara traktị (TSU) nke traktọ nwere usoro njikọta nke mbughari, ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na ihe ndozi.

Dị ka atụmatụ nke usoro njikọ njikọta nke a na-apụghị ịpụ apụ si dị, a na-ekewa ngwaọrụ ịdọrọ n'ime:

• crochet (ụzọ nko na loops),
• atụdo (ụzọ nke pin-loops),
• bọọlụ (otu ụzọ bọl-loop).

Ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-eji mmiri iyi, ihe rọba na isi iyi mgbanaka.

Ndị kacha gbasaa n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè ndị nwere ụgbọala na-adọkpụ bụ nko na nkwonkwo.

Ọnụọgụ 1 - Ngwakọta traktọ: 1 - nnata; 2 - ahụ nke actuator; 3 - ndozi lever; 4 - mkpuchi eze; 5 - usoro mkpuchi ụlọ; 6 - mmiri; 7 - etiti; 8 - njikwa ụgbọala; 9 - ntụtụ etiti; 10 - oche nke eze etiti; 11 - akpọchi; 12 - igbe fuse; 13 - fuse akpaka decoupling; 14 - okpu nke aku nke nko nke usoro njedebe; 15 - aku; 16 - ahụ nke ngwaọrụ ịdọrọ; 17- ihe nkwụsị nke ngwaọrụ ịdọrọ; 18 - mkpuchi nke ngwaọrụ ịdọrọ; 19 - nkochi mkpọchi ratchet; 20 - mgbanaka; 21 - nko

Nko hitch nke ụgbọala KamaAZ-5320 (Fig. 2) mejupụtara nko 2, mkpanaka nke na-agafe na oghere na azụ cross so na etiti, nke nwere ndị ọzọ mkwado. A na-etinye mkpanaka ahụ n'ime nnukwu ahụ cylindrical 15, na-emechi n'otu akụkụ site na mkpuchi nchebe 12, n'akụkụ nke ọzọ site na casing 16. Ihe na-agbanwe rọba (ihe na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ) 9, nke na-eme ka ibu ujo dị nro mgbe ịmalite ụgbọ ala site na ụgbọ ala. ebe na ụgbọala na-adọkpụ site na ebe na mgbe ị na-anya n'okporo ụzọ na-adịghị mma, ọ dị n'etiti ndị na-asa ákwà abụọ 13 na 14. Akụ 10 na-enye mkpakọ mmalite nke nkwụsị roba 9. N'elu ogwe 3 na-agafe nko, nke na-egbochi ya. pawl 4, nke na-egbochi loop njikọ ịpụ na nko ahụ.

Ọnụọgụ 2 - nko ịdọrọ: 1 - mmanụ; 2 - nko; 3 - axis nke latch nko; 4 - akpụkpọ anụ; 5 - ratchet axis; 6 - mgbanaka; 7 - aku; 8 - agbụ nke ntụtụ cotter; 9 - ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe; 10 - nko-nut; 11 - eriri akpa; 12 - mkpuchi mkpuchi; 13, 14 - ndị na-asa ákwà; 15 - ahụ; 16 - mkpuchi ụlọ

Iji jide traktọ na ụgbọala na-adọkpụ:

• breeki ụgbọala na-adọkpụ na usoro breeki na-adọba ụgbọala;
• kẹle ọphu ọ dụdu iphe;
• wụnye drawbar nke ụgbọala na-adọkpụ ka anya hitch dị n'otu ọkwa dị ka nko ịdọrọ ụgbọ ala;
• jiri nlezianya welie ụgbọ ala ahụ azụ ruo mgbe nko ndọkpụ ahụ dabere na ihe ndọba ụgbọala na-adọkpụ;
• tinye loop na-adọkpụ na nko na-adọkpụ, mechie eriri ahụ ma dozie ya na ratchet;
• gbanye ụgbọala na-adọkpụ n'ime oghere ụgbọ ala;
• jikọọ eriri eriri nke usoro pneumatic nke ụgbọala na-adọkpụ na ihe ndị kwekọrọ na usoro pneumatic nke ụgbọ ala;
• jikọọ ụgbọala na-adọkpụ na ụgbọ ala na eriri nchekwa ma ọ bụ yinye;
• mepee valves maka imechi pneumatic mbanye nke sistemu breeki ụgbọala na-adọkpụ arụnyere na ụgbọ ala (otu eriri ma ọ bụ eriri abụọ);
• breeki ụgbọala na-adọkpụ na usoro breeki na-adọba ụgbọala.

Ihe nkedo a na-akọwapụta dị iche na nhazi nko nke usoro nkwụsịtụ nke nwere ike ịpụpụ.

Usoro ihe eji ejikọta ya na pivot hinge (Fig 3) nwere ndụdụ 17 ("onye nnata"), pivot 14 na bolt. Ihe mgbochi a na-etinye n'ahụ ahụ na-agụnye aka 13, ogwe aka, eriri 12 na ibu mmiri 16. A na-ejikọta ndụdụ ahụ na mkpanaka 5 site na ogwe 10, nke na-enye mgbanwe dị mkpa nke nnyefe na ụgbọ elu kwụ ọtọ. Na steeti nweere onwe ya, a na-ejide usoro njikọ njikọta nke enwere ike site na nkwụsị roba 11 na mmanya mmiri 9.

Ọgụgụ 3 - Ogwe ihe osise na-atụgharị: 1 - nut; 2 - aka uwe ndu; 3, 7 - flange; 4 - ihe roba; 5 - mkpanaka; 6 - ahụ; 8 - mkpuchi; 9 - mmiri; 10 - mkpanaka mkpanaka; 11 - nchekwa; 12 - eriri; 13 - aka 14 - eze; 15 - loop ndu; 16, 18 - isi iyi; 17 - ndụdụ; 19 - fuse

Tupu ijikọ traktọ na ụgbọala na-adọkpụ, a na-eji aka 13 mee ihe nkedo ahụ, ebe pin 14 na-ejide eriri 12 dị n'elu. Mmiri 16 na-agbanye. Ngwugwu conical ala nke kingpin 14 na-apụta n'akụkụ akụkụ nke elu 17 nke ndụdụ. The ụgbọala na-adọkpụ hitch loop na-abanye na ndu ndụdụ 15 mgbe ewedara ákwà mgbochi ahụ. The eriri 12 na-ahapụ Central hinge 14, nke, n'okpuru omume nke ike ndọda na mmiri 16, na-aga ala, na-akpụ nko. A na-egbochi ọdịda nke kingpin 14 site na oghere reciprocal site na fuse 19. Mgbe a na-eme ya, mgbanaka ahụ na-abanye n'ime ndụdụ nke TSU wee pịa cone nke yiri ala nke kingpin 14, nke na-enyere aka bulie ya obere anya na tọhapụ pawl (yoke) 12 n'aka eze.

A na-enye ike na mmekọrịta kinematic nke njikọ njem nke ụgbọ oloko okporo ụzọ saddle site na njikọ wiil nke ise (Fig 4).

Foto 4 - Traktọ ụgbọ ala: 1 - chassis ụgbọ ala; 2 - obe so na ngwaọrụ saddle; 3 - nkwado saddle; 4 - efere butt; 5 - mmanụ aṅụ; 6 - anya akụkụ nke sadulu; 7 - akwa akwa akwa; 8 - ngwaọrụ eji eji akwa sadulu; 9 - ogbo ekpe; 10 - na-ebu elu nke efere ala; 11 - mkpịsị aka spongy; 12 - eriri akpa; 13 - mmanụ aṅụ; 14 - pin maka itinye aka; 15 - axis nke nchekwa nchekwa; 16 - fuse maka nkwụsịtụ akpaaka nke usoro njikọ; 17 - mmiri ratchet mkpọchi cuff; 18 - axis nke mkpọchi aka pawl; 19 - mkpuchi cam mmiri; 20 - nkịta gbajiri aka; 21 - ekpochi ọkpọ; 22 - axis nke mkpuchi mkpuchi; 23 - aka nke mkpọchi aka; 24 - ogbo nri; 25 - mgbanaka; 26 - nkwado; 27 - uwe elu elu; 28 - uwe ime n'ime; 29 - hinge axis

A na-eji eriri nke ise na-ejikọta ma wepụ traktọ site na ọkara trailer, yana ịnyefe nnukwu ibu kwụ ọtọ site na ọkara-trailer na ụgbọala na traction site na traktọ gaa na ọkara.

Ngwaọrụ ahụ na-enye njikọ nke ọkara akpaka na ntinye nke traktọ na ọkara trailer. The ụgbọala na-adọkpụ na-onwem na a base efere na pivot (Fig. 5). The dayameta nke na-arụ ọrụ n'elu nke eze pin bụ normalized na hà 50,8 ± 0,1 mm.

Ọgụgụ 5 - Semi-trailer kingpin maka njikọ na traktọ wheel njikọ nke ise

A na-etinye eriri wheel nke ise (Fig 4) na etiti nke traktọ gwongworo na-eji ihe nkwado abụọ 3 jikọtara ya na onye na-agafe agafe 2. Ihe nkwado 3 nwere lugs nke a na-etinye sadulu na-eji abụọ hinges 25, nke bụ efere ntọala. 10 nwere oghere akụkụ abụọ 6.

Anya akụkụ 6 nke sadulu ahụ na-ejikọta ya na axes 29 nke hinges 25, nke na-enye ụfọdụ ọchịchọ nke sadulu n'ime ụgbọ elu ogologo. Axles 29 na-atụgharị kpamkpam na roba-metal bushings 27 na 28. Nke a ngwọta na-enye ụfọdụ longitudinal ọchịchọ nke ọkara trailer n'oge ije, nakwa dị ka a nta transverse ọchịchọ (ruo 3º), nke pụtara na ọ na-ebelata ike ibu ibu ebute site ná. ihe na-adọkpụ ụgbọala na-adọkpụ na-aga na etiti traktọ. A na-echebe ogwe 29 site na mmegharị axial site na ikpochi efere 4. A na-etinye mmanụ 5 na ogwe osisi na ọwa maka ịnye mmanụ mmanụ na roba na ígwè ígwè 27.

N'okpuru efere ntọala 10 nke oche enwere usoro njikọ. Ọ nwere aka abụọ 9 na 24 ("sponges"), mkpuchi mkpuchi 21 nwere azuokokoosisi na mmiri 19, eriri nwere mmiri 17, oghere njikwa oghere 23 na fuse decoupling 16 nke edobere na efere ntọala 10. na-eji atụdo 11 ma nwee ike ịtụgharị gburugburu ha, na-ewere ọnọdụ abụọ dị oke egwu (emeghe ma ọ bụ mechie). Ihe mgbochi mkpọchi 21 nwekwara ọnọdụ abụọ dị oke egwu: a na-emechi azụ - aka, n'ihu - aka na-emeghe. Mmiri 19 nke mkpanaka na-emegide mmegharị nke aka 21 na-aga n'ihu. Mkpọchi ọkpọ 21 abuts megide mmanya na-agbawa onwe ya 16. Ya mere.

A na-etinye mkpanaka Fusible 16 na axis 15 na ohere nke ntụgharị iji dozie ma ọ bụ tọpụ mkpanaka ahụ.

Tupu ijikọ traktọ na ụgbọala na-adọkpụ, a na-edobe nchekwa nchekwa ntọhapụ akpaka na ọnọdụ "emechiri emechi", nke na-ahapụ ogwe njikwa aka.

Iji jide traktọ ahụ na ọkara trailer, tụgharịa lever njikwa hitch gaa n'ihu n'ụzọ njem ụgbọ ala ahụ. N'okwu a, a ga-akpọchi ihe mkpuchi ahụ n'ihu n'ihu na eriri. Onye na-anya ụgbọ ala na-edobe traktọ ahụ n'ụzọ ga-eme ka obere trailer kingpin na-agafe n'etiti nsọtụ oche ahụ gbagoro agbagoro gaa n'ihu n'etiti aka. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-agbanye aka ahụ na ọnọdụ cocked, mgbe a na-etinye pin eze n'ime oghere nke aka, aka na-emeghe.

A na-ahapụ aka ahụ site na ndozi site na eriri, na-adabere na azụ ya megide njide ma jide ha na steeti mepere emepe. Na n'ihu ije nke n'azụ akụkụ nke traktọ, the kingpin na-eme na ịṅụ aka n'ụzọ dị otú ahụ na ha na-emechi, na aka, n'okpuru edinam nke a mmiri, na-abanye angular grooves nke ịṅụ na ogide na rearmost ọnọdụ, nke. ana achi achi a pụrụ ịdabere na mkpọchi. Mgbe akpọchiri akpọchi, ọ dị mkpa iji dozie mkpara mbụ site n'ịtụgharị fuse mmanya na-emeghe onwe ya na ọnọdụ "kpọchiri".

Iji malite iji obere trailer na-ebugharị, onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala aghaghị: welie rollers (ma ọ bụ cylinders) nke ngwaọrụ nkwado ọkara-trailer; jikọọ isi nke usoro pneumatic nke traktọ na ọkara trailer; jikọọ wires eletrik; mgbapu ụgbọala na-adọba ụgbọala breeki

Tupu ịgbanye ụgbọ oloko okporo ụzọ, onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na-agbaji ọkara trailer na sistemu breeki na-adọba ụgbọala, na-agbada rollers (ma ọ bụ cylinders) nke ngwaọrụ na-akwado, na-ewepụ isi njikọ nke sistemu pneumatic na plọg nke eriri eletrik.

Ka ịwepụ, tụgharịa fuse bar na ihe ndọpụ njikwa ọzọ, wee bugharịa traktọ ahụ nke ọma na ngwa mbụ. Ebe ọ bụ na a ga-ebuga trunnion ahụ gaa n'ihu ma jiri eriri kpọchie ya, kingpin ụgbọala na-adọkpụ ga-esi na aka mpịachi pụta kpamkpam.

Iji bulie ikike ibu ụgbọ oloko okporo ụzọ, a na-eji ngwaọrụ njikọta telescopic mkpụmkpụ mkpụmkpụ, ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ ya dabere na ibelata ohere dị n'etiti traktọ na ụgbọala na-adọkpụ n'oge mmegharị rectilinear ma na-abawanye ya mgbe ị na-atụgharị ma na-emegharị ya.

Mmụba nke ibu ikike nke ụgbọ oloko okporo ụzọ jikọtara ya na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ axles na ogologo ha dum. Agbanyeghị, nke a na-ebute mbelata n'ịrụgharị ụgbọ oloko na akwa taya taya.

Ojiji nke wheel axles na wheel axles na-ebelata ihe ndọghachi azụ ndị a. Ha dị mfe na imewe ma chọọ obere mmepụta na ụgwọ ọrụ.

Na abụọ na atọ-axle ọkara trailers, azụ axle na-atụgharị n'okpuru omume nke akụkụ akụkụ nke mmeghachi omume nke okporo ụzọ na wiil ya mgbe ọ na-atụgharị.

Axles ndị a na-agbagharị agbagharị na-eme ka ịdị elu dị elu na etiti ike ndọda nke ọkara-trailer. Ya mere, axles nwere wiil ndị na-edozi onwe ha aghọwo ebe niile.