Mbelata. Turbo na obere engine. Eziokwu niile gbasara teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ

Ugbu a ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ọkọlọtọ maka ndị na-emepụta ihe ịwụnye ụgbọ oloko na-adịghị ike n'ime ụgbọ ala, ọbụnadị nke Volkswagen Passat ma ọ bụ Skoda Superb. Echiche nke mbelata etolitela ka mma, na oge egosila na ngwọta a na-arụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị. Otu ihe dị mkpa na ụdị engine a bụ, n'ezie, turbocharger, ọ na-enye gị ohere ịnweta ike dị elu na obere ike n'otu oge ahụ.

ụkpụrụ ọrụ

Turbocharger nwere rotors abụọ na-agbagharị n'otu oge nke a na-agbanye n'osisi nkịtị. A na-etinye nke mbụ n'ime usoro ikpochapu, ikuku ikuku na-enye mmegharị, banye na mufflers ma tụfuo ya. Nke abụọ rotor dị na usoro oriri, compresses ikuku na pressurizes ya n'ime engine.

A ghaghị ịchịkwa nrụgide a ka ukwuu n'ime ya ghara ịbanye n'ime ụlọ ọkụ. Usoro dị mfe na-eji udi nke valvụ gafere, ebe atụmatụ dị elu, i.e. agụba a na-ejikarị eme ihe nwere geometry agbanwe.

Hụkwa: Ụzọ iri kacha elu iji belata oriri mmanụ

N'ụzọ dị mwute, ikuku n'oge oke mkpakọ na-ekpo ọkụ nke ukwuu, ma e wezụga, ọ na-ekpo ọkụ site na ụlọ turbocharger, nke na-ebelata njupụta ya, nke a na-emetụtakwa ọkụ ọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị nke ngwakọta ikuku-ikuku. Ya mere, ndị na-emepụta ihe na-eji, dịka ọmụmaatụ, intercooler, nke ọrụ ya bụ ime ka ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ dị jụụ tupu ya abanye n'ime ụlọ ọkụ. Ka ọ na-ajụ oyi, ọ na-ejupụta, nke pụtara na ọtụtụ n'ime ya nwere ike ịbanye na cylinder.

Eaton Compressor na turbocharger

N'ime injin nwere chaja abụọ, turbocharger na igwe kọmpụta, etinyere ha n'akụkụ abụọ nke injin ahụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi n'eziokwu na turbine bụ onye na-emepụta okpomọkụ dị elu, ya mere ihe ngwọta kachasị mma bụ ịwụnye compressor n'ibu n'akụkụ nke ọzọ. The Eaton Compressor na-akwado ọrụ nke turbocharger, nke a na-ebugharị site na eriri multi-ribbed sitere na isi mmiri mgbapụta mmiri, nke a na-eji eriri eletrik na-enweghị mmezi maka ịgbalite ya.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'ime ya kwesịrị ekwesị na oke nke eriri eriri na-eme ka rotors compressor na-atụgharị ugboro ise ọsọ nke crankshaft ụgbọala. A na-ejikọta compressor na ngọngọ engine n'akụkụ ihe oriri manifold, na nchịkwa trotul na-achịkwa ọnụọgụ nrụgide.

Mgbe emechiri trotul ahụ, compressor na-ebute nrụgide kachasị maka ọsọ dị ugbu a. A na-amanye ikuku agbakwunyere n'ime turbocharger na trottle na-emepe na nrụgide dị ukwuu, nke na-ekewa ikuku n'ime compressor na turbocharger.

Ihe isi ike nke ọrụ

Igwe ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ dị elu nke e kwuru n'elu na ibu mgbanwe na ihe nhazi bụ ihe ndị na-emetụtakarị ịdịte aka nke turbocharger. Ịrụ ọrụ na-ezighị ezi na-eduga ngwa ngwa nke usoro ahụ, ikpo ọkụ na, n'ihi ya, ọdịda. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe mgbaàmà na-egosi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke turbocharger adịghị arụ ọrụ, dị ka "ịfụ ụda", ike na-apụ na mberede na ngwa ngwa, anwụrụ ọkụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ site na iyuzucha, ịbanye na ọnọdụ mberede, na ozi njehie engine a na-akpọ "bang". "Lelee engine" ma were mmanu mmanu gburugburu turbine na n'ime ọkpọkọ ikuku.

Ụfọdụ obere igwe ọgbara ọhụrụ nwere ihe ngwọta iji chebe turbo site na ikpo ọkụ. Iji zere ikpokọta okpomọkụ, a na-eji turbine nwere ọwa mmiri oyi, nke pụtara na mgbe a gbanyụrụ engine ahụ, mmiri na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu na usoro ahụ na-aga n'ihu ruo mgbe a ga-erute okpomọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị, dabere na njirimara okpomọkụ. Emere nke a site na mgbapụta jụrụ oyi eletrik nke na-arụ ọrụ na-adabereghị na injin combustion dị n'ime. Onye na-ahụ maka injin (site na ọsọ agba anọ) na-ahazi ọrụ ya ma na-arụ ọrụ mgbe injin ahụ ruru ihe karịrị 100 Nm na ikuku ikuku dị n'ụdị nnabata ihe karịrị 50 Celsius.

turbo oghere mmetụta

Mwepu nke ụfọdụ engines supercharged nwere ike dị elu bụ ihe a na-akpọ. turbo lag mmetụta, i.e. mbelata obere oge na arụmọrụ engine n'oge mbido ma ọ bụ ọchịchọ iji mee ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa. Nnukwu compressor, ka a na-ahụtakwu mmetụta ya, n'ihi na ọ na-achọkwu oge maka ihe a na-akpọ "Spinning".

Otu obere injin na-etowanye ike karị, turbine arụnyere dị ntakịrị, nke mere na a na-ebelata mmetụta a kọwara. Torque dị site na ngwa ngwa engine dị ala, nke na-eme ka nkasi obi dị mma n'oge ọrụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ọnọdụ obodo. Ka ihe atụ, na a VW 1.4 TSI engine na 122 hp. (EA111) ugbua na 1250 rpm, ihe dị ka 80% nke mkpokọta torque dị, na nrụgide nkwalite kachasị bụ 1,8 mmanya.

Ndị injinia, na-achọ iji dozie nsogbu ahụ kpamkpam, mepụtara ihe ngwọta ọhụrụ, ya bụ eletrik eletrik (E-turbo). Usoro a na-esiwanye ike na engines ike dị ala. Usoro a dabere na eziokwu ahụ bụ na rotor, nke na-ebugharị ikuku a na-agbanye n'ime engine, na-atụgharị site n'enyemaka nke igwe eletriki - ekele maka nke a, enwere ike iwepụ mmetụta ahụ kpamkpam.

Eziokwu ka ọ bụ akụkọ ifo?

Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-echegbu onwe ha na turbochargers ndị a na-ahụ na engines ndị na-erughị ala nwere ike ịda ngwa ngwa, nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na ha na-ebufe ibu. N'ụzọ dị mwute, nke a bụ akụkọ ifo a na-emekarị ugboro ugboro. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na ogologo ndụ na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'otú ị si eji, na-akwọ ụgbọala ma gbanwee mmanụ gị - gburugburu 90% nke mmebi ahụ bụ onye ọrụ kpatara.

A na-eche na ụgbọ ala ndị nwere ihe dị ka 150-200 puku kilomita so na ìgwè nke nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nke ọdịda. Na omume, ọtụtụ ụgbọ ala agaala ihe karịrị otu kilomita, na ngalaba a kọwara ka na-arụ ọrụ enweghị ntụpọ ruo taa. Mechanics na-ekwu na mmanụ na-agbanwe kwa kilomita 30-10, ya bụ. Ogologo ndụ, nwere mmetụta ọjọọ na ọnọdụ nke turbocharger na engine n'onwe ya. Ya mere, anyị ga-ebelata oge ngbanwe na 15-XNUMX puku. km, ma jiri mmanụ ahụ dabere na ndụmọdụ nke onye nrụpụta ụgbọ ala gị, ma ị nwere ike ịnụ ụtọ ọrụ na-enweghị nsogbu ruo ogologo oge.  

Enwere ike imeghari mmewere nke PLN 900 ruo PLN 2000. Turbo ọhụrụ na-efu ọtụtụ ihe - ọbụna karịa 4000 zł.

Hụkwa: Fiat 500C na ule anyị