Ihe mejupụtara na ebumnuche nke usoro lubrication nke injin ụgbọ ala

Akụkụ nke igwe nke moto ụgbọ ala, ewezuga nkeji ndị etinyere, na-enwekarị ọnyà mkpọgharị. Ụkpụrụ nke mmanu nke abụọ esemokwu esemokwu na-adabere na ịnye ha mmanụ mmiri mmiri n'okpuru nrụgide ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke a na-akpọ alụlụ mmanụ, mgbe a na-enye ụmụ irighiri mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na gas crankcase n'elu.

Ngwa usoro mmanu mmanu

A na-echekwa ebe nchekwa mmanụ n'ime igwe crankcase engine, site na ebe a ga-ebuli ya ma nyefee ya na nkeji niile agbanyere mmanụ. Maka nke a, a na-eji usoro na akụkụ ndị a:

• mgbapụta mmanụ nke crankshaft na-ebugharị;
• yinye, gia ma ọ bụ kpọmkwem mmanụ mgbapụta mbanye;
• ihe nzacha mmanụ na-esighị ike na nke ọma, n'oge na-adịbeghị anya ejikọtawo ọrụ ha na nzacha zuru oke, a na-etinyekwa nchara ígwè na ntinye nke onye na-anata mmanụ ka ọnyà buru ibu;
• uzo na nrụgide na-ebelata valves na-achịkwa nrụgide mgbapụta;
• ọwa na ahịrị maka ịnye mmanụ mmanu na ụzọ abụọ esemokwu;
• oghere ndị ọzọ na-agbanwe agbanwe nke na-emepụta alụlụ mmanụ na mpaghara achọrọ;
• ntù crankcase jụrụ oyi ma ọ bụ ihe nju oyi mmanụ dị iche n'ime injin ndị nwere nnukwu ibu.

Ọtụtụ moto na-ejikwa mmanụ dị ka mmiri mmiri hydraulic. Ọ na-achịkwa valvụ mkpochapụ hydraulic compensators, ụdị ọ bụla nke esemokwu na ndị na-achịkwa. Arụmọrụ nke mgbapụta na-abawanye nke ọma.

Sistemụ dị iche iche

N'ịgbatịwanye ihe, ihe ngwọta niile nwere ike kewaa n'ime usoro nwere sump akọrọ na mmanụ bat. Maka ụgbọ ala ndị nkịtị, o zuru oke iji ụgbọ ala n'ụdị pan mmanụ injin. Mmanụ nke mezuru ọrụ ya na-asọba ebe ahụ, a na-ajụkwa oyi ma rịgoro site na onye na-anata mmanụ ọzọ n'ime mgbapụta ahụ.

Mana usoro a nwere ọtụtụ ọghọm. Ụgbọ ala ahụ anaghị adabere mgbe niile n'ụzọ doro anya n'ihe metụtara vector gravitational, karịsịa na mgbanwe. Mmanụ nwere ike ịsacha n'ọkpụkpụ, pụọ na mgbapụta mgbapụta mgbe ahụ na-etulata ma ọ bụ ibu ibu na-eme n'oge osooso, breeki, ma ọ bụ ntụgharị dị nkọ. Nke a na-eduga na ikpughe nke grid na ijide gas crankcase site na mgbapụta, ya bụ, ikuku nke ahịrị. Ikuku nwere mkpakọ, ya mere nrụgide ahụ na-aghọ nke na-adịghị akwụsi ike, enwere ike inwe nkwụsịtụ na ọkọnọ, nke na-adịghị anabata. Oghere dị larịị nke isi okporo osisi niile, na ọkachasị turbines dị n'ime igwe nwere nnukwu chaja, ga-ekpo oke ọkụ na mpaghara.

Ihe ngwọta maka nsogbu ahụ bụ ịwụnye usoro sump akọrọ. Ọ bụghị nkụ n'echiche nkịtị nke okwu ahụ, naanị mmanụ nke na-enweta ebe ahụ na-ebuli ya ozugbo site na nfuli, nke nwere ike ịbụ ọtụtụ, na-ahapụ ya na gas inclusions, na-akwakọba na olu dị iche iche wee na-aga n'enweghị nkwụsị na bearings. Usoro dị otú ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya karị, dị oke ọnụ, ma ọ dịghị ụzọ ọzọ ị ga-esi na egwuregwu ma ọ bụ engines mmanye.

Ụzọ iji nye mmanu na ọnụ

Enwere ihe dị iche n'etiti nri nrụgide na mmanu mmanu. Iche iche, a naghị eji ha eme ihe, n'ihi ya, anyị nwere ike ikwu banyere usoro ejikọtara.

Ihe ndị bụ isi nke chọrọ mmanu mmanu dị elu bụ crankshaft, camshaft na balancer shaft bearings, yana ụgbọala nke ngwa ndị ọzọ, karịsịa, mmanụ mmanụ n'onwe ya. Ogwe ndị ahụ na-atụgharị n'ime akwa ndị a na-emepụta site na-agwụ ike nke ihe anụ ahụ nke engine, na iji hụ na esemokwu na nkwụsịtụ dị ntakịrị, ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na-adị n'etiti ogwe aka na akwa. A na-agbanye mmanụ site na ọwa n'ime oghere nke ngalaba calibrated, nke na-ejigide ogwe na ọnọdụ nke esemokwu mmiri.

A na-agbapụta oghere dị n'etiti pistons na cylinders site n'ịfesa, na-abụkarị site na nozzles dị iche iche, mana mgbe ụfọdụ site n'ịgbaba n'ime mkpanaka njikọ ma ọ bụ naanị site na alụlụ mmanụ crankcase. N'okwu nke ikpeazụ, uwe ga-akawanye njọ, ọ ga-ekwe omume ịsacha.

Ekwesịrị ịkọ aha pụrụ iche maka mmanye nke bearings turbine. Nke a bụ ọnụ ọnụ dị oke mkpa, n'ihi na ebe ahụ ogwe ahụ na-agbagharị na nnukwu ọsọ, na-ese n'elu na mmanụ a na-agbapụta. N'ebe a, a na-ewepụ okpomọkụ site na katrij na-ekpo ọkụ nke ukwuu n'ihi mgbasa mmanụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ. Obere igbu oge na-eduga na ndakpọ ngwa ngwa.

Ntugharị mmanụ injin

okirikiri ahụ na-amalite site na oriri nke mmiri mmiri site na crankcase ma ọ bụ nchịkọta mmanụ na-abanye n'ebe ahụ site na nfuli nke usoro ụdị "akọrọ". N'ime ntinye nke onye na-anata mmanụ, e nwere isi nhicha nke nnukwu ihe ndị si mba ọzọ nke rutere n'ebe ahụ n'ụzọ dị iche iche n'ihi mmebi nke nkà na ụzụ nrụzi, engine malfunctions ma ọ bụ iyi nke ngwaahịa mmanụ n'onwe ya. Site na oke unyi dị otú ahụ, nkwụsị nke ntupu na oke agụụ na agụụ mmanụ na ntinye mgbapụta ga-ekwe omume.

A naghị achịkwa nrụgide site na mgbapụta mmanụ n'onwe ya, n'ihi ya, ọ nwere ike karịa uru a na-anabata. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'ihi mgbanwe dị na viscosity. Ya mere, a na-etinye valvụ na-ebelata nrụgide n'otu n'otu na usoro ya, nke na-atụba ngafe azụ n'ime crankcase na ọnọdụ mberede.

Na-esote, mmiri mmiri na-abanye na nzacha mma zuru oke, ebe pores nwere nha micron. Enwere nzacha nke ọma ka ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị nwere ike ime ka ọ kpụchaa n'elu ikpochapu ghara ịbanye na oghere ndị ahụ. Mgbe nzacha juru eju, enwere ihe ize ndụ nke mgbawa nke ákwà mgbochi ya, n'ihi ya, a na-eji valvụ gafere nke na-eduzi ntụgharị gburugburu nzacha. Nke a bụ ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma, mana ọ na-ebelata akụkụ nke engine nke unyi na-akwakọba na nzacha.

Site n'ọtụtụ okporo ụzọ awara awara, a na-eduga nzacha a na-asọgharị na oghere injin niile. Site na nchekwa nke oghere ndị a gbakọọ, a na-achịkwa nrụgide nrụgide, nha ha na-enye nkwụsị dị mkpa nke mmiri na-asọ. Ụzọ mmanụ ahụ na-ejedebe na nkwụsị azụ ya n'ime crankcase, ebe a na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ ma dị njikere ọzọ maka ịrụ ọrụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-agafe ya site na igwe na-ekpo ọkụ mmanụ, ebe a na-ahapụ akụkụ nke okpomọkụ n'ime ikuku, ma ọ bụ site na okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'ime usoro nhazi igwe. Nke a na-edobe viscosity ikike, nke na-adabere na okpomọkụ, ma na-ebelata ọnụego nke mmeghachi omume oxidative.

Akụkụ nke mmanu mmanụ dizel na injin ndị juru eju

Isi ihe dị iche na-adabere na njirimara ndị akọwapụtara nke mmanụ. Enwere ọtụtụ njirimara ngwaahịa dị mkpa:

• viscosity, karịsịa ịdabere na okpomọkụ;
• ịdịte aka na-ejigide ihe onwunwe, ya bụ, ogologo oge;
• ihe nchacha na ihe nkesa, ikike ikewapụta ngwaahịa mmetọ ma debe ha na nkọwa;
• acidity na iguzogide corrosion, karịsịa ka mmanụ dị afọ;
• ọnụnọ nke ihe ndị na-emerụ ahụ, karịsịa sọlfọ;
• mfu esemokwu dị n'ime, ikike ịzọpụta ume.

Mmanụ dizel na-achọ iguzogide mmetọ nke ukwuu. Ọnọdụ ahụ na-akawanye njọ site na ọnụnọ nke turbocharging na engine diesel onye njem ọ bụla. N'ihi ya, ntuziaka maka iji mmanụ pụrụ iche, ebe a na-eburu nke a n'uche na ngwugwu mgbakwunye. Na mgbakwunye na nnọchi ugboro ugboro n'ihi na mkpokọta uwe bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere na agbanyeghị.

Mmanụ ahụ nwere ntọala ntọala na ngwugwu mgbakwunye. Ọ bụ omenala iji na-ekpebi ogo ngwaahịa azụmaahịa site na ndabere ya. Ọ nwere ike ịbụ mineral ma ọ bụ sịntetik. Site na ngwakọta agwakọta, a na-akpọ mmanụ ahụ semi-synthetic, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-abụkarị "mmiri ịnweta" dị mfe na obere mgbakwunye nke ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe. Akụkọ ifo ọzọ bụ uru zuru oke nke sịntetik. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-esikwa na mmalite dị iche iche, ọtụtụ ngwaahịa mmefu ego na-esite na otu ngwaahịa mmanụ ala site na hydrocracking.

Mkpa ọ dị idobe mmanụ kwesịrị ekwesị na usoro

Maka sistemụ nwere bat mmanụ na crankcase, a ga-edobe ọkwa n'ime oke siri ike. Ngwakọta nke engine na ihe ndị a chọrọ maka iji akụ na ụba nke ngwaahịa dị oke ọnụ anaghị ekwe ka ịmepụta pallets buru ibu. Na karịa ọkwa ahụ juputara na imetụ crankshaft cranks na enyo bat mmanụ, nke ga-eduga na ụfụfụ na mfu nke ihe onwunwe. Ọ bụrụ na ọkwa ahụ dị oke ala, mgbe ahụ oke ibu n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ ngwa ngwa ogologo oge ga-eduga na ikpughe nke onye na-anata mmanụ.

Igwe ọgbara ọhụrụ na-adịkarị mfe iri mmanụ, nke ejikọtara ya na iji uwe mwụda piston dị mkpụmkpụ, mgbanaka nchekwa ike dị mkpa na ọnụnọ nke turbocharger. Ya mere, ha na-achọkarị nlekọta mgbe niile na mmanụ dipstick. Na mgbakwunye, etinyere sensọ larịị.

Injin ọ bụla nwere oke edobere maka oriri mmanụ, tụọ ya na lita ma ọ bụ kilogram kwa puku kilomita. Ịgafe ihe ngosi a pụtara nsogbu na iyi nke cylinders, mgbanaka piston ma ọ bụ akara mmanụ nke valvụ ahụ. Anwụrụ ọkụ a na-ahụ anya site na usoro ikpochapu na-amalite, mmetọ nke ndị na-atụgharị catalytic na nhazi nke soot na ụlọ ọkụ. Ekwesịrị imegharị moto ahụ ma ọ bụ dochie ya. Ọkụ ọkụ mmanụ bụ otu n'ime isi ihe na-egosi ọnọdụ nke injin ahụ.