Iko mmiri

Igwe mmiri mmiri bụ ihe ngwọta nke sodium metasilicate Na2SiO3 (nnu potassium na-ejikwa). A na-akwado ya site na igbari silica (dị ka ájá) na ngwọta nke sodium hydroxide: 

Iko mmiri N'ezie, ọ bụ ngwakọta nke nnu nke silicic acid dị iche iche nwere ogo dị iche iche nke polymerization. A na-eji ya dị ka impregnation (dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji chebe mgbidi site na mmiri, dị ka ọkụ ọkụ), akụkụ nke putties na sealants, maka mmepụta nke silicone ihe, nakwa dị ka ihe mgbakwunye nri iji gbochie caking (E 550). Enwere ike iji iko mmiri mmiri dị na ahịa maka ọtụtụ nnwale dị egwu (ebe ọ bụ mmiri siri ike, a na-eji mmiri diluted 1: 1).

Na nnwale nke mbụ anyị ga-ebuli ngwakọta nke silicic acid. Iji mee ule ahụ, anyị ga-eji ngwọta ndị a: iko mmiri mmiri na ammonium chloride NH.₄Cl na akwụkwọ egosi iji lelee mmeghachi omume (foto 1).

Chemistry - akụkụ nke iko mmiri mmiri 1 - MT

Igwe mmiri mmiri, dị ka nnu nke acid na-adịghị ike na ntọala siri ike na ngwọta mmiri, bụ nke ukwuu na hydrolyzed na alkaline (foto 2). Wunye ngwọta ammonium chloride (foto 3) n'ime iko nwere ihe ngwọta mmiri mmiri ma gwakọta ihe dị n'ime ya (foto 4). Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gachara, ụdị gelatinous uka (foto 5), nke bụ ngwakọta nke silicic acid:

(n'ezie SiO₂?nGn₂Banyere ? A na-emepụta silicic acid nwere ogo hydration dị iche iche).

Usoro mmeghachi omume na beaker, nke nchịkọta nchịkọta n'elu nọchiri anya ya, bụ nke a:

a) sodium metasilicate na ngwọta dissociates ma na-enweta hydrolysis:

b) ion ammonium na-emeghachi omume na ion hydroxide:

Ka a na-eri ion hydroxyl na mmeghachi omume b), nha nha nke mmeghachi omume a) na-aga n'aka nri na, n'ihi ya, silicic acid na-ebuli elu.

N'ime nnwale nke abụọ anyị na-eto "osisi kemịkal". Iji mee nnwale ahụ, ị ​​ga-achọ ihe ngwọta ndị a: iko mmiri mmiri na nnu ígwè? ígwè (III), ígwè (II), ọla kọpa (II), calcium, tin (II), chromium (III), manganese (II).

Chemistry - akụkụ nke iko mmiri mmiri 2 - MT

Ka anyị bido nnwale ahụ site n'ịgbakwụnye ọtụtụ kristal iron (III) chloride salt FeCl n'ime tube ule.₃ na ngwọta iko mmiri mmiri (foto 6). Mgbe obere oge gasịrị, osisi na-atụgharị agba aja aja? (Foto 7, 8, 9), sitere na ígwè na-adịghị soluble (III) metasilicate:

Ọzọkwa, nnu nke ọla ndị ọzọ na-enye gị ohere ị nweta nsonaazụ dị mma:

• ọla kọpa (II)? foto nke 10
• chromium (III)? foto nke 11
• ígwè (II)? foto nke 12
• calcium? foto nke 13
• manganese (II)? foto nke 14
• ndu (II)? foto nke 15

Usoro nke usoro a na-eme na-adabere na ihe ngosi nke osmosis, ya bụ ntinye nke obere ihe site na pores nke membranes nke ọkara. Nkwụnye ego nke silicates metal na-adịghị ahụkebe na-etolite dị ka oyi akwa dị n'elu nnu nke agbakwunyere na tube ule. Mkpụrụ ndụ mmiri na-abanye n'oghere nke akpụkpọ ahụ na-esi na ya pụta, na-eme ka nnu ígwè dị n'okpuru gbazee. Ihe ngwọta na-esi na ya pụta na-akpali ihe nkiri ahụ ruo mgbe ọ gbawara. Mgbe ọ wụsachara ihe ngwọta nnu ígwè ahụ, silicate ọ na-ebuli elu? okirikiri na-emeghachi onwe ya na chemical osisi? na-abawanye.

Site n'itinye ngwakọta nke kristal nke salts nke ọla dị iche iche n'otu arịa ma na-agba ya mmiri na ngwọta nke iko mmiri mmiri, ànyị nwere ike ịmalite "ubi kemịkal" dum? (Foto dị na peeji nke 16, 17, 18).

Foto