Ewu ụgbọ ala maka ụlọ akwụkwọ ịnya ụgbọ ala

Akụkụ ndị bụ isi nke injin mmanụ ụgbọ mmiri anọ

Akụkụ ndị edoziri: isi cylinder, ngọngọ cylinder, crankcase, cylinders, pan mmanụ.

Akụkụ na -akpụ akpụ: 1. crank usoro: crankshaft, mkpanaka njikọ, piston, mgbanaka piston, pin piston, fuse seger. Usoro nhazi oge nke abụọ: camshaft, pushers, stems valve, ogwe aka rocker, valves, isi mmalite.

Anọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma mgbanye ọkụ ọkụ anọ

Oge mbụ: mmiri ara ehi: piston na-esi na etiti nwụrụ anwụ (DHW) gaa na etiti nwụrụ anwụ (DHW), valvụ nnabata nke ụlọ combustion bụ ngwakọta oriri nke mmanụ na ikuku.

Oge nke abụọ: mkpakọ: piston na -esi na DHW alọta na DHW na ngwakọta mmịkọ abịakọrọ. A na -emechi valvụ mbata na mpụta.

Oge nke atọ: mgbawa: a na-amụnye ngwakọta a na-agbakọta site na nnukwu ọkụ eletrik site na nkwụnye ọkụ, mgbawa na-apụta na n'otu oge ahụ, a na-ewepụta ike injin, mgbe ejiri ike dị ukwuu na-ebugharị piston site na DH ruo DHW, crankshaft. na -agbagharị n'okpuru nrụgide na cylinder.

Oge nke anọ: iyuzucha: piston na -alọta site na DH ruo DH, valvụ na -emepe emepe emepe, a na -amanye ngwaahịa ọkụ n'ime ikuku site na ọkpọ ọkpọ.

Ọdịiche dị n'etiti injin strok na injin strok abụọ

engine strok anọ: a na-eme strok anọ nke piston, a na-arụ ọrụ awa niile na piston, crankshaft na-eme mgbanwe abụọ, nwere usoro valve, mmanye bụ nrụgide.

abụọ-strok engine: awa abụọ nke ọrụ na-eme n'otu oge ahụ, nke mbụ bụ suction na mkpakọ, nke abụọ bụ mgbawa na iyuzucha, awa ọrụ na-mere n'elu na n'okpuru piston, crankshaft mezue otu mgbanwe, nwere a nkesa ọwa, lubrication bụ ngwakọta mmanụ nke ya, mmanụ ụgbọala na ikuku.

Mgbasa ozi OHV

Igwe camshaft dị na ngọngọ engine. Ndị na-ebuli elu, valvụ stem na ogwe aka rock na-achịkwa valvụ ahụ (mbanye na ntinye). A na-emechi valvụ ndị ahụ site na isi iyi nloghachi. Ụgbọ ala camshaft bụ njikọ agbụ. Maka ụdị oge valvụ ọ bụla, crankshaft na-atụgharị ugboro 2 na camshaft na-atụgharị oge 1.

Mgbasa ozi OHC

Structurally, ọ dị mfe. Camshaft dị na isi cylinder na kamera ya na -achịkwa ogwe aka rocker. N'adịghị ka nkesa OHV, enweghị ndị na -ebuli elu na ogwe valvụ. A na -eme draịva ahụ site na crankshaft site na njikọ njikọ ma ọ bụ eriri ezé.

Ịgba alụkwaghịm 2 OHC

Ọ nwere camshafts abụọ dị na isi cylinder, otu n'ime ha na -achịkwa oriri na valvụ nke ọzọ na -emecha kpochapụ. Ihe mbanye ahụ bụ maka nkesa OHC.

Ụdị axle

n'ihu, azụ, etiti (ọ bụrụ na ọdabara), chụpụrụ, chụpụrụ (nnyefe ike injin), steered, enweghị nchịkwa.

Mgbanye batrị

Ebumnuche: ịgbanye ngwakọta ngwakọta n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị.

Isi akụkụ: batrị, igbe njikọ, eriri mkpuchi, onye nkesa, onye na -emebi sekit, capacitor, eriri ọkụ dị elu, plọg.

Ọrụ: mgbe agbanyere igodo n'ime igbe njikọ wee kwụpụ voltaji (12 V) na mgba ọkụ, a na -etinye voltaji a na winding isi nke eriri induction. A na-ebute nnukwu voltaji (ihe ruru 20 V) na winding nke abụọ, nke a na-ekesa n'etiti plọg onye ọ bụla n'usoro 000-1-3-4 site na ogwe aka nkewa na nkewa n'etiti eriri ọkụ dị elu. Ihe capacitor na -enyere aka igbochi nkụda mmụọ nke kọntaktị mgba ọkụ ma wepu ike karịrị akarị.

batrị

Ọ bụ isi iyi ọkụ eletrik na ụgbọ ala gị.

Akụkụ ndị bụ isi: nkwakọ ngwaahịa, sel dị mma (+) na adịghị mma (-), efere efere, oghere oghere, ọdụ ụgbọ ala dị mma na adịghị mma. A na -emikpu mkpụrụ ndụ n'ime electrolyte n'ime akpa (ngwakọta nke sọlfọ acid na mmiri distilled ruo njupụta nke 28 ruo 32 Be).

Mmezi: iji mmiri distilled juputara, ịdị ọcha na nsụchi nke kọntaktị dị mma na adịghị mma.

Eriri mgbanye

A na -eji ya kpalie (tọghata) 12V ugbu a ka ọ bụrụ nnukwu ọkụ eletrik ruo 20 V. Ọ nwere ikpe, isi ikuku na windo nke abụọ, isi igwe na ngwakọta ite.

Nkeji

A na-eji ya kesaa nnukwu voltaji na ọkụ ọkụ n'otu n'otu n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị iji mee ka injin na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile na nke ọma. A na-eji camshaft na-anya onye nkesa. Ihe nkesa nkesa na-ejedebe na cams nke na-achịkwa lever na-ebugharị (kọntaktị) nke mgba ọkụ, nke a na-akwụsị voltaji 12 V, na n'oge nkwụsịtụ a na-ebute voltaji dị elu na eriri induction, nke a na-ebu site na eriri onye nkesa. Ebe a na-ekesa voltaji na kandụl. Akụkụ nke nkesa bụ capacitor, nke na-eje ozi iji gbochie ọkụ nke kọntaktị mgbanwe. Akụkụ nke ọzọ bụ oghere centrifugal regulator. Dabere na nrụgide mmịpụta dị n'ụdị ihe oriri na ọsọ injin, ha na-ahazi oge mgbanye mgbe ọsọ injin na-abawanye.

Ngwa eletriki n'ime ụgbọ ala

ihe mbido (nnukwu ngwa), ọkụ ọkụ, ịdọ aka na ntị na ịdọ aka na ntị ịdọ aka ná ntị, mpi, ihe nhicha ihu ihu, oriọna mkpanaka, redio, wdg.

Mmalite

Ebumnuche: ịmalite injin.

Nkọwa: stator, rotor, stator winding, commutator, eriri elektrọnik, gia, ndụdụ gia.

Ụkpụrụ nke ịrụ ọrụ: mgbe etinyere voltaji na winding windo, a na -adọta isi nke electromagnet n'ime eriri igwe. A na -etinye pinion n'ime mgbanaka ezé flywheel na -eji yok pinion. Nke a na -emechi kọntaktị rotor, nke na -atụgharị onye mbido.

Generator

Nzube: isi iyi ọkụ eletrik n'ime ụgbọ. Ọ bụrụhaala na injin ahụ na -arụ ọrụ, ọ na -enye ike maka ngwa eletriki niile a na -eji ma chajịa batrị n'otu oge. Ejiri V-belt chụpụ ya na crankshaft. Ọ na -emepụta ike ugbu a, nke a na -agbazi na voltaji mgbe niile site na diodes rectifier.

Nkọwa: stator nwere winding, rotor nwere winding, diodes rectifier, batrị, onye na -ejide carbon, onye ofufe.

dynamo

Jiri dị ka onye ngbanwe. Ihe dị iche bụ na ọ na -enye ike oge niile, ọ nwere obere ike.

Kandụl eletrik

Ebumnuche: ịgbanye ngwakọta ara na-abịakọta ọnụ.

Akụkụ: electrode dị mma na adịghị mma, insulator seramiiki, eri.

Ihe atụ aha: N 14-7 - N nkịtị eri, 14 eri dayameta, 7 glow plugs.

Ụdị jụrụ oyi

Ebumnuche: iwepụ oke oke ọkụ site na injin ahụ ma hụ na ọ na -arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ.

mmiri mmiri: na-eje ozi iji wepụ okpomọkụ, nke a na-emepụta n'ihi esemokwu nke akụkụ nke mpempe akwụkwọ nke engine na iwepụ okpomọkụ n'oge oge okpomọkụ (mgbawa). Maka nke a, a na-eji mmiri distilled eme ihe, na n'oge oyi - antifreeze. A na-akwado ya site na ịgwakọta mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na mmiri oyi na-ekpo ọkụ (Fridex, Alycol, Nemrazol). Oke nke akụrụngwa na-adabere na ebe oyi chọrọ (dịka -25 Celsius).

ikuku: 1. draft, 2. amanye: a) agụụ, b) ịpressụbiga mmanya ókè.

Akụkụ sistemụ jụrụ oyi: radiator, mgbapụta mmiri. jaket mmiri, thermostat, ihe mmetụta okpomọkụ, temometa, hoses na ọkpọkọ, oghere igbapu.

Ọrụ: mgbe ị tụgharịrị engine ahụ, mgbapụta mmiri (nke crankshaft na-ebugharị site na V-belt) na-arụ ọrụ, ọrụ ya bụ ịgbasa mmiri mmiri. Mmiri a na-ekesa mgbe injin ahụ dị oyi naanị na ngọngọ engine dị iche na isi cylinder. Mgbe ọkụ na ihe dị ka 80 Celsius C, thermostat na-emepe mmiri mmiri na-esi na valvụ gaa na ngwa nju oyi, nke mmiri na-esi na ya na-ebupụta mmiri mmiri jụrụ oyi. Nke a na-ebupụ mmiri ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ngọngọ cylinder wee banye na radiator. Emebere thermostat ka ọ nọgide na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ nke coolant (80-90°C).

Griiz

Ebumnuche: tinye akụkụ na -agagharị agagharị na ihu esemokwu, dị jụụ, kaa akara, sachapụ unyi ma chebe akụkụ ndị na -akpụ akpụ site na nchara.

Mmanya nrụgide: nke mmanụ injin na-arụ. Ngwunye mmanụ mmanụ na-ebu mgbapụta gia nke na-adọta mmanụ site na nkata mmiri ma na-agbanye akụkụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ (usoro oge crank) site na ọwa mmanu. N'azụ mgbapụta gia bụ valvụ enyemaka nke na-echebe ngwa mmanu mmanu site na nrụgide dị elu na oke mmanụ oyi. A na-amanye mmanụ ahụ site na ihe nhicha mmanụ (nyo) nke na-ejide unyi. Nkọwa ọzọ bụ ihe mmetụta nrụgide mmanụ nwere mkpu na ogwe ngwá ọrụ. A na-eweghachi mmanụ a na-eji mee mmanu na ite mmanụ. Mmanụ engine ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-efunahụ ihe ndị na-eme mmanụ, ya mere, a ghaghị ịgbanwe ya mgbe ọ gbasịrị ọsọ nke 15 ruo 30 puku kilomita (nke onye nrụpụta nyere iwu). A na-eme ngbanwe mgbe ịkwọchara ụgbọ ala, ebe engine ka na-ekpo ọkụ. N'otu oge ahụ, ịkwesịrị iji dochie onye na-ehicha mmanụ.

Griiz: A na-eji ya na injin abụọ. Anyị ga-agbakwunyere mmanụ mmanụ mmanụ nke emebere maka injin mmanụ ọkụ abụọ, na oke nke onye nrụpụta gosipụtara (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 1:33, 1:45, 1:50).

Ịgba mmanwụ: A na -efesa mmanụ n'elu akụkụ na -akpụ akpụ.

Sistemụ ụgbọ ala

Nkọwa: injin, ipigide, igbe gearbox, ogwe osisi, igbe gearbox, ọdịiche, axle, wiil. A na -ebunye ike site na akụkụ ndị akpọrọ ma na -akwagharị ụgbọ ala. Ọ bụrụ na ejikọtara injin, ipigide, nnyefe na ihe dị iche iche, ọ nweghị PTO.

Связь

Ebumnuche: ejiri iji nyefee ike injin site na injin gaa na gearbox yana maka mmechi nwa oge, yana maka mmalite dị nro.

Nkọwa: njigide pedal, cylinder ipigide, otu lever, mgbapụta ntọhapụ, mwepụta ntọhapụ, isi mkpakọ, efere nrụgide nwere mkpuchi, ọta ipigide. Mpekere nrụgide ipigide dị na flywheel, nke ejikọtara ya na crankshaft. Wepu ma tinye ogwe aka na pedal ipigide.

Nnyefe ọrịa

Nzube: na -eje ozi maka ezigbo ike injin. Site n'ịgbanwe ngwa, ụgbọ ala nwere ike ịga ọsọ dị iche iche na ọsọ injin oge niile, na -emeri ala siri ike mgbe ị na -anya ụgbọ ala, na -aga n'ihu, azụ na azụ.

Nkọwa: gearbox, draịva, ụgbọ ala na -agbagharị agbagharị, gia, gia azụ, ndụdụ na -amị amị, njikwa njikwa, njupụta mmanụ.

Gearbox

Ebumnuche: ikesa ike nke moto ahụ na wiil nke axle ịnya ụgbọ ala.

Nkọwa: gearbox, gear, wheel disc.

Ịmanye mmanụ: mmanụ nnyefe.

Ihe dị iche

Ebumnuche: Eji ya kewaa ọsọ nke ụkwụ aka ekpe na aka nri mgbe ị na -akụ. Ọ na -adị mgbe niile naanị na axle mbanye.

Ụdị: teepu (ụgbọ ala ndị njem), n'ihu (ụfọdụ gwongworo)

Akụkụ: ụlọ dị iche iche = oghere dị iche, satịlaịtị na gia mbara ala.

Sistemụ mmanụ ụgbọ ala

Ebumnuche: inye mmanụ ụgbọ ala carburetor.

Nkọwa: tank, mmanụ nhicha, diaphragm iga mmanụ mgbapụta, carburetor.

A na -eji igwe camshaft na -ebugharị mgbapụta mmanụ ọkụ. Na -ebugharị mgbapụta ahụ site n'elu ruo na ala, mmanụ ọkụ na -amịpụta na tank ma, na -ebuli ya elu, na -akwanye mmanụ n'ime ụlọ na -ese n'elu mmiri nke carburetor. A kwadebere tank mmanụ ụgbọ mmiri na -achọpụta ọkwa mmanụ na tank.

Ụgbọ njem a na -amanye (agbadala tank, carburetor elu).

Site na ike ndọda (tank elu, carburetor ala ọgba tum tum).

Carburetor

Ebumnuche: ejiri iji kwadebe ngwakọta mmanụ ikuku n'ime oke 1:16 (mmanụ ụgbọ mmiri 1, ikuku 16).

Akụkụ: ụlọ na -ese n'elu mmiri, na -ese n'elu mmiri, agịga na -ese n'elu mmiri, ụlọ na -agwakọta, onye na -agbasa ihe, isi oghere, oghere na -abaghị uru, bọmbụ na -eme ngwangwa ****, valve trotul, trotul.

Sịtik

Nke a bụ akụkụ nke carburetor. A na -eji ya eme ka ngwakọta ahụ baa ọgaranya mgbe ịmalite injin n'ime ọnọdụ oyi. A na -eji sọks ma ọ bụ na -akpaghị aka rụọ ya, ma ọ bụrụ na etinyere ya na bimetallic spring, nke na -emepe ya na akpaghị aka mgbe ọ jụrụ oyi.

Ihe mgbapụta ihe ngwangwa ****

Nke a bụ akụkụ nke carburetor. A na -ejikọ bọmbụ osooso **** na pedal accelerator. A na -eji ya eme ka ngwakọta ahụ baa ọgaranya ozugbo mgbe pedal ome osooso dara mbà n'obi.

Ọchịchị

Ebumnuche: bugharịa ụgbọ ala ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi.

Akụkụ: sterịịịịịị, kọlụm iduzi, griịịịịịị, ogwe aka isi isi, mkpanaka iduzi, lever ike, njikọ bọọlụ.

crest
ịghasa
ịghasa

breeki

Ebumnuche: iji nwayọ nwayọ ma kwụsị ụgbọ ala, iji chebe ya pụọ na mmegharị onwe ya.

Site na oge atọrọ:

onye ọrụ (na -emetụta wiil niile)
na -adọba ụgbọala (naanị na wiil nke azụ axle)
ihe mberede (a na -eji breeki na -adọba ụgbọala)
teren (gwongworo naanị)

Na -achịkwa na wiil:

agba (drum)
disk

Hydraulic breeki

Eji ya dị ka breeki ọrụ, ọ bụ breeki ụkwụ nwere sekit abụọ.

Nkọwa: breeki pedal, cylinder nna ukwu, ọdọ mmiri mmiri breeki, paịpụ, cylinders breeki, paịlị breeki nwere linings, drum breeki (maka wiil azụ), diski breeki (maka wiil n'ihu), ọta breeki.

Breeki igwe

Eji ya dị ka breeki na -adọba ụgbọala, ejiri aka rụọ ya, na -eme naanị na wiil azụ azụ, na -eme dị ka breeki mberede.

Nkọwa: aka breeki aka, mkpanaka nchekwa, ụgbọ ala USB nwere eriri nchara, eriri akpụkpọ ụkwụ breeki.

Ihe nhicha ikuku

Ebumnuche: ejiri mee ka ikuku ikuku banye n'ime carburetor.

Akọrọ: akwụkwọ, chere.

Wet: enwere mmanụ na ngwugwu ahụ, nke na -amata unyi, na ikuku dị ọcha na -abanye na carburetor. A ga -asachapụ ihe nhicha ruru unyi wee dochie ya ma emechaa.

Nkwụsịtụ

Ebumnuche: na -enye okporo ụzọ na -akpọtụrụ wheel mgbe niile ma na -ebugharị n'ụzọ na -adịghị ahụkebe nke ụzọ ahụ.