Supernova

supernova SN1994 D na galaxy NGC4526

N'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nyocha mbara igwe, naanị ihe mgbawa 6 supernova ka ejiri anya gba ọtọ hụ. Na 1054, mgbe mgbawa supernova gasịrị, ọ pụtara na "igwe" anyị? Nshịkọ Nebula. A na-ahụ mgbawa 1604 ruo izu atọ ọbụna n'ụbọchị. Nnukwu igwe ojii Magellanic dara na 1987. Ma nke a supernova bụ 169000 ìhè-afọ site Ụwa, ya mere o siri ike ịhụ.

Ná ngwụsị nke August 2011, ndị na-enyocha mbara igwe chọtara supernova nanị awa ole na ole ka mgbawa ya gasịrị. Nke a bụ ihe kacha nso nke ụdị a chọpụtara n'ime afọ 25 gara aga. Ọtụtụ supernovae dị opekata mpe otu ijeri ìhè afọ site n'ụwa. Na nke ugbu a, dwarf na-acha ọcha gbawara naanị nde afọ 21 ka ọ gafechara. N'ihi ya, a pụrụ ịhụ kpakpando ahụ gbawara agbawa na binoculars ma ọ bụ obere teliskop na Pinwheel Galaxy (M101), nke dị n'echiche anyị na-adịghị anya na Ursa Major.

Kpakpando ole na ole na-anwụ n'ihi nnukwu mgbawa dị otú ahụ. Ọtụtụ na-apụ na nwayọ. Kpakpando nke nwere ike ịga supernova ga-adịrịrị okpukpu iri ruo iri abụọ ka oke anyanwụ anyị. Ha buru nnọọ ibu. Kpakpando dị otú ahụ nwere nnukwu nchekwa nke oke ma nwee ike iru okpomọkụ dị elu ma si otú a kee? ihe dị arọ karị.

Ná mmalite 30s, ọkà mmụta mbara igwe bụ Fritz Zwicky mụrụ ihe omimi dị omimi nke ìhè a na-ahụ site n'oge ruo n'oge na mbara igwe. O wee ruo ná nkwubi okwu na mgbe kpakpando daa na rute a njupụta tụnyere njupụta nke ihe atomiki nucleus, a ok nucleus na-guzobere nke electrons si "etipịa"? atọm ga-aga na nuclei na-emepụta neutron. Otu a ka kpakpando neutron ga-esi etolite. Otu ngaji nke isi kpakpando neutron dị ihe dị ka ijeri kilogram iri itoolu. N'ihi ọdịda a, a ga-emepụta nnukwu ike, nke a na-ahapụ ngwa ngwa. Zwicky kpọrọ ha supernovae.

Ntọhapụ ike n'oge mgbawa dị ukwuu nke na ruo ọtụtụ ụbọchị mgbe mgbawa ahụ gasịrị, ọ karịrị uru ya maka ụyọkọ kpakpando dum. Mgbe mgbawa ahụ gasịrị, mpụta mpụta na-agbasa ngwa ngwa ka dị, na-agbanwe ghọọ nebula mbara ala na pulsar, kpakpando baryon (neutron) ma ọ bụ oghere ojii.

Ma ọ bụrụ na, mgbe a supernova gbawara, uka nke isi bụ 1,4-3 ugboro uka nke Sun, ọ ka na-ada ada na dị ka neutron kpakpando. Kpakpando Neutron na-atụgharị (na-emekarị) ọtụtụ ugboro kwa nkeji, na-ewepụta ike dị ukwuu n'ụdị ebili mmiri redio, ụzarị X-ray, na ụzarị gamma. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ oghere ojii. Mgbe a chụpụrụ ya n'ime mbara igwe, ihe nke isi na shei nke supernova na-agbasawanye n'ime uwe mwụda ahụ, nke a na-akpọ ihe fọdụrụ nke supernova. N'ịkọkọ na igwe ojii gas gbara ya gburugburu, ọ na-emepụta ihu ebili mmiri na-ama jijiji ma na-ahapụ ike. Igwe ojii ndị a na-enwu na mpaghara ebili mmiri a na-ahụ anya ma mara mma n'ihi na ihe mara mma maka ndị na-agụ kpakpando.

Nkwenye nke ịdị adị nke kpakpando neutron enwetaghị ruo 1968.