U-Booty Ụdị IA

U 26 w 1936 g.r.

N'ịgafe mmachibido iwu nke mmepụta ụgbọ mmiri ndị a kwadoro na Germany, Reichsmarine kpebiri, n'okpuru aka ya, iji wuo prototype na Cadiz maka enyi na enyi Spain ma mee ule ndị dị mkpa na ntinye aka nke ndị ọkachamara German, nke mere ka o kwe omume ịzụ ọzụzụ bara uru. nke ụgbọ okpuru mmiri nke ya. submarines nke ndị ntorobịa ọgbọ.

Ọmụmụ ihe nwogha nke U-Bootwaffe

Nkwekọrịta udo bịanyere aka n'etiti 1919, nke a na-akpọkarị Treaty of Versailles, machibidoro Germany imepụta ma ọ bụ iwu ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri. Otú ọ dị, oge ụfọdụ mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ gasịrị, ndị ndú Reichsmarine kpebiri - n'agbanyeghị mmachibido iwu - iji ahụmahụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na-emepụta na imewe na-ewu nke submarines site na mbupụ na imekọ ihe ọnụ na ndị enyi mba, nke kwesịrị ime ka n'ihu. mmepe nke ikike German. Emere nkwado nke mba ofesi site na Submarine Design Bureau Ingenieurskantoor voor Scheepsbouw (IvS), nke hibere na 1922 na ndị agha mmiri German kwadoro na nzuzo. Ndị na-emepụta ya mepụtara ọtụtụ atụmatụ n'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ, nke agbaziri site na Agha Ụwa Mbụ. Na 1926, ụlọ ọrụ banyere nkwekọrịta maka owuwu nke 2 nkeji na Netherlands maka Turkey (project Pu 46, nke bụ mmepe nke mbụ agha ụdị UB III), na 1927 a nkwekọrịta na Finland maka owuwu nke 3. nkeji (project Pu 89, nke bụ mgbasawanye nke Yak III - oru ngo 41a; na 1930, a nkwekọrịta e debanyere owuwu nke osimiri akụkụ nakwa maka Finland - oru ngo 179). ihe owuwu ochie.

Na May 1926, ndị injinia IVS maliteghachiri ọrụ na ụgbọ mmiri ụgbọ mmiri 640-ton G, kwụsịrị na njedebe nke agha, maka 364-ton UB III (Project 48). Nhazi nke nrụnye ọgbara ọhụrụ a kpalitere mmasị nke Reichsmarine, bụ nke otu afọ ahụ gụnyere ya na atụmatụ iji dochie UB III e zubere na mbụ.

Ọ bụ ezie na a na-eme ule mmiri nke akụkụ ndị e wuru na Netherlands kpamkpam site n'aka ndị ọrụ German na n'okpuru nlekọta nke ndị ọkachamara German, ọ bụ naanị ahụmahụ a nwetara n'oge a na-ewu na ule nke "Spanish" unit ka a ga-eji emepụta ọrụ n'ọdịnihu. ụgbọ mmiri "Atlantic" nke oge a iji gbasaa ike nke ụgbọ mmiri ndị German na-atụ anya ya - ihe analog nke ihe atụ nke mpaghara osimiri e mesịrị wuo na Finland (Vesikko). N'oge ahụ, Germany gbasiri mbọ ike ịnakọta ọgụgụ isi ya iji nweta ozi sitere na mba ofesi gbasara teknụzụ ọhụrụ metụtara okpuru mmiri ma gbasaa mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi ya nke bụ ịkwalite echiche ọha na eze megide mmachi nke Treaty of Versailles.

E 1 - "Spanish" ihe atụ nke ụgbọ mmiri okpuru mmiri.

N'ihi ihe ndị ọzọ a chọrọ n'aka ndị agha mmiri German nyere ndị na-emepụta ihe site na IVS ụlọ ọrụ iji mee ka ike ụgbọ ala dịkwuo elu, ọsọ elu na ụgbọ elu, Project G (640ton) mụbara site na ihe dịka 100 tọn mmanụ ụgbọala ọzọ. N'ihi mgbanwe ndị a, obosara nke ụgbọ ahụ mụbara, karịsịa na akụkụ mmiri dị n'okpuru. Ụgbọ mmiri niile e wuru n'okpuru nduzi nke IVS nwere engines dizel elu sitere na ụlọ ọrụ German MAN (ma e wezụga 3 nkeji maka Finland, nke natara engines n'aka ụlọ ọrụ Swedish Atlas Diesel), ma na arịrịọ nke Spanish n'akụkụ nke n'ọdịnihu E 1, ha na-onwem na anọ-strok diesel engines nke ọhụrụ aghụghọ site emeputa n'onwe ya, na-enweta ike ukwuu: M8B 40/46, na-emepụta 1400 hp. na 480 rpm.

Mgbe ọtụtụ mgbanwe ndị gara aga gasịrị, na Nọvemba 1928 ụlọ ọrụ IvS mechara kpọọ Pu 111 project Ech 21 (n'aha onye ọchụnta ego Spanish Horacio Echevarrieti Maruri, Basque nke biri na 1870-1963, onye nwe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Astilleros Larrinaga y Echevarrieta dị na Cadiz). na mgbe e mesịrị, ndị agha mmiri na-ahọpụta ọrụ ahụ dị ka E 1. Ngwá agha torpedo nke nrụnye nwere 4 ụta na 2 tubes azụ nke nwere dayameta (caliber) nke 53,3 cm, na-emegharị maka ụdị ọkụ eletrik ọhụrụ nke mita 7 nke na-ahapụghị. afụ ikuku nke ga-ekpughe ụzọ nke ngwa agha dị n'okpuru mmiri.

A na-eji ihe ọhụrụ teknụzụ kachasị mkpa:

• A na-awụpụ torpedo na tube site na piston na-ejide ikuku wee hapụ ya n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, na-ewepụ nguzobe nke afụ nke nwere ike ikpughe ọnọdụ nke ụgbọ mmiri na-agbapụ égbè ahụ;
• ikike iji kpochapu tankị ballast na iyuzucha mmanụ dizel;
• njikwa pneumatic nke valvụ maka ijuputa na ịgbanye tankị ballast;
• ịgbado ọkụ eletrik nke tankị mmanụ (maka mmanụ dizel na mmanụ lubricating)
• na-eji ngwaọrụ ege ntị n'okpuru mmiri na ngwaọrụ nnabata nzikọrịta ozi n'okpuru mmiri;
• na-akwadebe usoro submersible na ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa.