Kpọmkwem okpomọkụ nke combustion nke kerosene

Isi thermophysical e ji mara kerosene

Kerosene bụ etiti distillate nke usoro nnụcha mmanụ ala, akọwara dị ka oke mmanụ crude na-esi n'etiti 145 na 300 Celsius. Enwere ike nweta kerosene site na ngwucha mmanụ crude (kerosene na-agba ọsọ) ma ọ bụ site na mgbawa nke iyi mmanụ dị arọ (kerosene gbawara agbawa).

Kerosene crude nwere ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mma ijikọta ya na ihe mgbakwunye arụmọrụ dị iche iche na-ekpebi iji ya na ngwa ahịa dị iche iche, gụnyere mmanụ ụgbọala. Kerosene bụ ngwakọta dị mgbagwoju anya nke ogige ndị nwere alaka na ogologo nke nwere ike kewaa ya na klas atọ: paraffins (55,2% n'ịdị arọ), naphthenes (40,9%) na aromatics (3,9%).

Iji mee ka ọ dị irè, ọkwa niile nke kerosene ga-enwerịrị okpomọkụ kachasị elu nke combustion na ikike okpomọkụ a kapịrị ọnụ, ma bụrụkwa ihe e ji mara oke ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ. Maka otu dị iche iche nke kerosenes, ihe ngosi ndị a bụ:

• Kpọmkwem okpomọkụ nke combustion, kJ / kg - 43000 ± 1000.
• okpomọkụ autoignition, ⁰C, ọ bụghị ala - 215.
• Kpọmkwem ike okpomọkụ nke kerosene na ụlọ okpomọkụ, J / kg K - 2000 ... 2020.

Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ikpebi nke ọma ọtụtụ n'ime thermophysical paramita nke kerosene, ebe ọ bụ na ngwaahịa ahụ n'onwe ya enweghị ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ mgbe niile ma kpebisie ike site na njirimara nke mmanụ mbụ. Na mgbakwunye, njupụta na viscosity nke kerosene na-adabere na okpomọkụ dị n'èzí. A maara naanị na ka okpomọkụ na-abịaru nso na mpaghara nke ọkụ ọkụ nke ngwaahịa mmanụ, ikike okpomọkụ nke kerosene na-abawanye nke ọma: na 200.⁰Na ya bụ 2900 J / kg K, na 270⁰C - 3260 J/kg. N'ihi ya, viscosity kinematic na-ebelata. Ngwakọta nke paramita ndị a na-ekpebi mgbanye ọkụ ọkụ dị mma ma kwụsie ike.

Usoro nke ịchọpụta kpọmkwem okpomọkụ nke combustion

Igwe ọkụ a kapịrị ọnụ nke ọkụ ọkụ na-esetịpụ ọnọdụ maka ịgbanye ya na ngwaọrụ dị iche iche - site na engines ruo igwe na-egbutu kerosene. N'okwu nke mbụ, a ga-eji nlezianya kpebisie ike nchikota kacha mma nke thermophysical. A na-edokarị usoro nhazi maka nke ọ bụla n'ime mmanụ ọkụ. Enwere ike iji eserese ndị a tulee:

1. Oke kacha mma nke ngwakọta nke ngwaahịa combustion.
2. Okpomọkụ adiabatic nke ọkụ mmeghachi omume combustion.
3. Nkezi arọ molekụla nke ngwaahịa combustion.
4. Kpọmkwem oke okpomọkụ nke ngwaahịa combustion.

Ihe data a dị mkpa iji chọpụta ọsọ nke ikuku ikuku na-esi na injin ahụ pụta, nke n'aka nke ya na-ekpebi mkpali nke injin ahụ.

Ngwakọta mmanụ ọkụ kacha mma na-enye mkpali ike kachasị elu ma bụrụ ọrụ nke nrụgide nke injin ahụ ga-arụ ọrụ. Injin nwere nrụgide ụlọ combustion dị elu yana nrụgide iyuzucha ala ga-enwe oke ngwakọta kacha kacha mma. N'aka nke ya, nrụgide dị na ụlọ ọkụ ọkụ na ike ike nke mmanụ ọkụ na-adabere na nchịkọta ngwakọta kacha mma.

N'ọtụtụ atụmatụ nke engines na-eji kerosene dị ka mmanụ ọkụ, a na-akwụ ụgwọ dị ukwuu na ọnọdụ nke mkpakọ adiabatic, mgbe nrụgide na olu nke ngwakọta combustible na-enwe na mmekọrịta mgbe niile - nke a na-emetụta ịdịte aka nke ihe engine. N'okwu a, dị ka a maara, ọ dịghị mgbanwe okpomọkụ dị n'èzí, nke na-ekpebi oke arụmọrụ.

Ikike okpomọkụ nke kerosene bụ oke okpomọkụ achọrọ iji bulie okpomọkụ nke otu gram nke ihe site na otu ogo Celsius. Igwe ọkụ ọkụ a kapịrị ọnụ bụ oke nke okpomọkụ a kapịrị ọnụ na nrụgide mgbe niile na okpomọkụ dị iche iche na ụda mgbe niile. Etinyere oke kacha mma na nrụgide mmanụ a kara aka n'ime ụlọ ọkụ.

A naghị eguzobekarị ihe na-egosi okpomọkụ n'oge ọkụ ọkụ, ebe ọ bụ na ngwaahịa mmanụ a bụ ngwakọta nke hydrocarbon anọ: dodecane (C).₁₂H₂₆), tridecane (C₁₃H₂₈), tetradecane (C₁₄H₃₀) na pentadecane (C₁₅H₃₂). Ọbụlagodi n'ime otu batch nke mmanụ mbụ, oke pasentị nke akụrụngwa edepụtara anaghị adịgide adịgide. Ya mere, a na-agbakọ njirimara thermophysical nke kerosene mgbe niile site na ihe ndị a maara dị mfe na echiche.