Ntị nke Ụwa na mkpọmkpọ ebe

Otu n'ime ngwá ọrụ kachasị mkpa na nke kachasị ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mbara igwe n'ụwa, telescope redio Arecibo dị na Puerto Rico, dara ụbọchị ole na ole ka ekwusịrị ọkwa mbibi ya. Nke a pụtara na ọ bụghị nanị na njedebe nke oge ụfọdụ nke nyocha mbara igwe, kamakwa nkwụsị nke akara ngosi omenala pop mara ọ bụghị nanị maka mmezu sayensị, kamakwa maka ihe nkiri ndị a ma ama.

Na Disemba 2020, 6.55 n'otu oge elekere 900 nke nkeji 150, ikpo okwu XNUMX-ton kwụsịrị n'ịdị elu nke XNUMX mita n'elu ebe a na-ahụ anya dara. Nke mbụ, otu n'ime ogidi nke ihe owuwu ahụ (ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ) mebiri emebi, n'ihi ya, ikpo okwu 900-ton rutere n'elu ikpo okwu nke telescope 305-mita (1). Ọdịda ahụ mebiekwara ụlọ elu abụọ fọdụrụnụ na ụlọ nleba anya gbara ya gburugburu. N'oge ọdachi ahụ, a na-eme nyocha ọzọ nke ọnọdụ nkà na ụzụ nke nkwusioru nkwusioru, n'ihi nke a na-enwe ike ijide oge a na vidiyo.

Explorer mara mma na ihe nkiri nkiri

Igwefoto redio ọ na-aga n'ihu kemgbe 1963 Nọvemba 38. Ndị ọkachamara sitere na Mahadum America Cornell mere ma wuo efere teliskop redio na oghere karst sitere na ogwe aluminom 778 1 2 x XNUMX mita nke nkwado ígwè na-akwado. Ọdịdị ya dị okirikiri (ọ bụghị parabolic dị ka ọtụtụ telescopes redio). Nke a bụ n'ihi otú e si tụọ teliskop redio aka na mgbama: efere ahụ kwụ ọtọ, onye nnata na-akwagharị. Naanị A na-etinye onye na-anata ihe na nhazi 900-ton (Ikpo okwu), kwụsịtụrụ na elu 150 mita na 21 ụdọ agbakwunyere na ogidi kọmpụta atọ gbasiri ike. O nwere efere nke abụọ na nke atọ, bụ nke lekwasịrị anya na ebili mmiri na-egosipụta na antenna. Mbugharị nke nnata mere ka o kwe omume iduzi teliskop redio gaa n'ebe ọ bụla nke cone dị ogo 40 gburugburu zenith. A na-anabata nso nso nso nso nso nke equator Arecibo .

Ọrụ mbụ ya bụ ọmụmụ nke akụkụ elu nke ikuku ụwa, ionosphere. Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị anya malitere iji dị ka Universal redio observatory maka ụdị nyocha na nlebanya dị iche iche. mbara igwe na-ekiri ihe ndị dị na mbara igwe, na-amụ ha na ugboro redio.

Ajụjụ dị na nso ebili mmiri redio na-egosi ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbara igwe, dịka ọmụmaatụ, pulsars - magnetized, kpakpando na-atụgharị. Ụlọ nyocha ahụ nyere ihe akaebe mbụ siri ike maka ịdị adị nke ihe dị otú ahụ, nke e mesịrị mara dị ka kpakpando neutron. A na-ejikwa ha mata ihe atụ mbụ nke pulsar ọnụọgụ abụọ (kpakpando neutron abụọ magnetized na-agbagharị n'otu ebe a na-ahụkarị), nchọpụta nke mechara nweta Nrite Nobel na Physics.

Telescope o nyekwara aka mee mgbanwe mgbanwe nke kpakpando na 1992. A na-ejikwa ya kemgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ iji gee akara na soro asteroids nso ụwa. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, teliskop redio akwadowo nyocha nke na-eduga n'ịchọpụta ihe ọhụrụ nke ebili mmiri ndọda. Na mgbakwunye, ekele maka ya, ịchọpụta ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị dị na mbara igwe dị anya, dị anya ma debanye aha redio ịgbawa redio ugboro ugboro mbụ (FRBs).

Igwe teliskop redio ghọkwara kpakpando ihe nkiri. Ọ bụ saịtị nke duel climactic na GoldenEye (2), nkeji ọzọ nke njem James Bond ya na Pierce Brosnan na 1995. Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, na 1997, ọ gbara ama na Kọntaktị ihe nkiri sci-fi a ma ama, yana kpakpando Hollywood dị ka Jodie Foster na Matthew McConaughey. A hụkwara ya na usoro "Site na X Archive" na ihe nkiri egwu "Genre".

2. Gbara na fim "Golden Eye" na mma nke telescope redio na Arecibo

Ụbọchị ndị ụdọ mechara hapụ

N'ime afọ 57 a arụrụ ọrụ, emezigharịrị ya ọtụtụ oge. N'afọ 1974, agbakwunyere akpụkpọ mkpuchi mkpuchi ọhụrụ nwere oke ntụgharị mgbaama ka mma. N'afọ 1997, etinyere antenna parabolic Gregorian nke nwere ihe ngosi abụọ. Site n'ụzọ, iji mee ka usoro ihe na-ebu ya sikwuo ike, a na-agbakwunye eriri ụgbọ mmiri ọzọ, abụọ maka ụlọ elu ọ bụla. N'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi mgbanwe ndị e mere, ịdị arọ nke ngwaọrụ dị na nkwusioru nke ikpo okwu mụbara karịa 250 tọn.

Na 2017, Hurricane Maria mebiri otu n'ime ụdọ ahụ ma mebie akụkụ akpụkpọ ahụ. Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, n'August afọ gara aga, otu n'ime eriri ndị na-akwado ikpo okwu ígwè dị n'elu efere teliskop mebiri. Igwe eriri ahụ, na-agbapụ, bibiri akụkụ dị mkpa nke oriọna ahụ. Mahadum Central Florida, nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, nyere ihe ngwọta iji dozie ihe owuwu ahụ. Agbanyeghị, na mbido November, eriri ọzọ mebiri.

Ndị injinia nọ na-amụ ime ihe ahụ kemgbe ihe mberede mbụ mere n'August. Dabere na nyocha nke nrụgide na-arụ ọrụ na eriri nke abụọ, ha kwubiri na eriri ndị fọdụrụ nwere ike ghara ịdị ike karịa ka e chere na mbụ, na e nwere ihe ize ndụ nke ịdaba nke usoro nkwado niile. Achọpụtara na enweghị ike ịrụzi nnukwu nrụnye ndị ahụ na-emeghị ka ihe egwu nwere ike igbu ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ dị otú ahụ. Ndị ọrụ Puerto Rican kwuziri Mgbasa teliskop redio na-atụ egwu nchekwa.

Izu ole na ole ka emechara mkpebi ndị a, usoro nke ikpo okwu dị elu dara, nke e dekọrọ na vidiyo vidiyo site na ebe abụọ - ọnụ ụlọ dị na ebe nchịkwa nke ụlọ nyocha na site na. droneonye na-efefe n'elu ụlọ nyocha, na-ekiri eriri na ụlọ elu.

Ndị injinia nyochara ihe mebiri emebi wee kwubie na ụlọ elu atọ nke teliskop ahụ agbajiwo, na-eme ka ikpo okwu dị tọn 900 dabara n'okpukpu dị n'okpuru. Ha dakwara n’efere ahụ eriri ụgbọelu nke teliskop redio. Igwe ndị dara ada mebiekwara ụlọ ọrụ sayensị nke ụlọ nyocha ahụ.

American National Science Foundation (NSF), nke na-achịkwa ihe ahụ, mgbe ọnwa November gasịrị na-akọ banyere ọnọdụ nkà na ụzụ nke ihe ahụ, n'agbanyeghị mkpa ọ dị maka mbibi ya, e mere atụmatụ ịchekwa ihe dị ukwuu n'ime ndị na-ekiri ihe dị ka o kwere mee ka n'ọdịnihu ihe ahụ nwere ike ije ozi dị ka ebe sayensị na agụmakwụkwọ. , na n'ọdịnihu ọ ga-ekwe omume iweghachi ihe nleba anya na ọnọdụ gara aga. A ka ga-ahụ ka mkpọka nke Disemba ga-esi metụta atụmatụ ndị a yana ma ntọala ahụ ga-enwe ike ibugharị data niile nke teliskop anakọtara na sava saịtị.

China nwere nnukwu efere ka ukwuu

Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-enwe nchegbu banyere oru ndị e rụrụ na nsonye Telescope redio Areciboma kagbuokwa ya nlere anya budata ibelata ọkwa nke inye ụwa na mmepeanya mmadụ. Ọ bụ maka nyochaa ihe a na-akpọ ihe dị nso n'ụwa (NEO) nke ngwaọrụ ahụ sonyere.

N'ọnwa Nọvemba, NASA wepụtara nkwupụta nke, gụnyere ihe ndị ọzọ, anyị na-agụ: "Ikike nke Arecibo planetary radar nke NASA's Near-Earth Observation (NEO) Programme (...) kwadoro ya enyerela NASA aka ịkọwapụta kpọmkwem orbits, nha. , na ụdị nke ọtụtụ NEO n'ime radar, mgbe achọpụtara ha dị ka akụkụ nke nnukwu ọrụ nyocha site na iji teliskop anya. Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị ọdachi, n'ihi na NASA nwere ya na ngwaahịa. Goldstone Observatory na California, nke na-eje ozi otu nzube ahụ, ma, dị ka ị maara, otu ụzọ anya (na nke a, ikekwe ntị) karịrị otu.

N'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke ụwa, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na mbido 2020. teliskop redio buru ibu karịa Arecibo. Chinese XNUMXm sppherical oghere teliskop (FAST), na Guizhou Province. Ugbu a ọ bụ teliskop kacha nwee mmetụta n'ụwa. Na Jenụwarị 2020, gọọmentị China kwupụtara mmalite nke ọrụ gọọmentị na-eji ngwaọrụ ahụ.

FAST ugbu a bụ teliskop redio dị ala kacha nwee mmetụta n'ụwa. ỌR., dị ka Telescope redio Arecibo, nwere antenna isi kwụ ọtọ, mana ekele maka ihe mmetụta na-efegharị efegharị na-agagharị n'elu enyo antenna, telescopes redio abụọ nwere ike ịlele ihe na-adịghị na zenith, ebe Ngwa ngwa nwere ike ịmụ ihe dị anya site na zenith karịa teliskop redio Arecibo.

3. Igwefoto redio nke China ngwa ngwa

FAST na-arụ ọrụ na nso nke 0,7-3 GHz. Ebumnuche nke nyocha teliskop redio bụ ịchọpụta pulsars, ma na Galaxy anyị ma n'ofe anyị, ịmụ ụmụ irighiri ihe dị n'ime oghere interstellar, ịchọ kpakpando agbanwe agbanwe, na ịchọ ya. ndu ndi ozo (n'ime usoro nke mmemme SETI). A na-atụ anya na ọ ga-enwe ike ịchọpụta mgbasa ozi sitere na mmepeanya ndị mba ọzọ karịa 1000 ìhè afọ.

Agbanyeghị, nnukwu teliskop China ọ ga-enweta ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị America na ndị mba ọzọ ka Arecibo? Enwere ike iji ya mee ule na-abụghị nke ndị China zubere? Nke a ka ga-ahụ. A ka ga-ahụ ma onye ga-anọchi anya ngalaba nlekọta Puerto Rican ga-apụta na Arecibo ma ọ bụ n'ebe ọzọ.