Nnukwu ndị nrụpụta - Nkebi nke 2

Anyị na-aga n'ihu akụkọ banyere ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị injinia kachasị ama na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala. Tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, ị ga-amụta ndị na-enupụ isi British "ndị ọrụ ụgbọala" bụ ndị wuru akara ngosi Alfa na Ferrari engines, na onye "Mr. Bender" bụ. Ngwakọ".

Ọrụ ebube Polish nke nkà na ụzụ

Tadeusz Tanski bụ nna nke mbụ nnukwu ụgbọ ala Polish.

Maka otu ndị na-emepụta ụgbọ ala pụtara ìhè nke iri afọ mbụ mmepe ụgbọ ala enwekwara onye injinia Poland Tadeusz Tanski (1892-1941). Na 1920 o wuru na obere oge ụgbọ ala mbụ Polish Armored Ford FT-B, dabere na chassis Ford T. Ihe kacha rụpụta ya bụ CWS T-1 – ụgbọ ala mbụ nke ọtụtụ mmadụ rụpụtara. O mere ya na 1922-24.

Ọ bụ ụkọ ụwa na asọmpi injinia na enwere ike ịchịkọta ụgbọ ala ahụ wee jiri otu igodo chịkọta ya (naanị ngwa mgbakwunye ka achọrọ iji kpọghee spark plọg), eriri oge na igbe gear nwere ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa yiri ya! A na-eji ihe arụrụ arụ rụọ ya engine cylinder anọ olu 3 lita na ike 61 hp. na valves na isi aluminom nke Tanski mere ma wuo ihe na-erughị otu afọ. Ọ nwụrụ n'oge agha ahụ, ndị Germany gburu n'ogige ịta ahụhụ Auschwitz.

KSV T-1 na ụdị torpedo

Aston Marek

Ebe ọ bụ na eriri Polish apụtalarị, enweghị m ike ịnyere aka ma kwuo onye nrụpụta nkà ọzọ sitere na mba anyị, onye mere ọrụ kachasị ukwuu na ọpụpụ na UK. N'afọ 2019 Aston Martin kpebiri ime 25 kpọmkwem oyiri Ụdị DB5, ụgbọ ala nke ghọrọ ama dị ka Ụgbọ ala ọkacha mmasị nke James Bond.

James Bond (Sean Connery) na Aston Martin D

N'okpuru mkpuchi ha na-agba otu injin nke onye obodo anyị mere na 60s - Tadeusz Marek (1908-1982). M na-ekwu maka ọmarịcha inline inline 6 lita 3,7-cylinder nwere 240 hp; Na mgbakwunye na DB5, enwere ike ịhụ ya na ụdị DBR2, DB4, DB6 na DBS. Igwe nke abụọ Marek wuru maka Aston bụ 8-liter V5,3. Igwe a kacha mara amara Uru nke ụdị V8, a na-emepụta na-aga n'ihu site na 1968 ruo 2000. Marek malitere ọrụ ya na Polish Republic nke abụọ dị ka onye nrụpụta na PZInż. na Warsaw, ebe ọ na-ekere òkè, karịsịa, na-arụ ọrụ na engine nke kpara ọgba tum tum Sokół. Ọ zọkwara asọmpi nke ọma n'ọgbakọ na asọmpi.

Tadeusz Marek mgbe ọ meriri Polish Rally '39

Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ ala

N'ụzọ doro anya, ọ kpọrọ ha "garaji" dịtụ obi ọjọọ Enzo Ferrarionye na-enweghị ike ịbịakwute eziokwu ahụ bụ na ụfọdụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ Britain a ma ama na obere ụlọ ọrụ na obere ego na-arụ ụgbọ ala ndị na-emeri n'ọsọ agbụrụ na ụgbọ ala ya ọkaibe na ọnụ. Anyị bụ ndị otu a John Cooper, Colin Chapman, Bruce McLaren nakwa onye Ọstrelia Jack Brabham (1926-2014), onye meriri aha ụwa Usoro 1 na 1959, 1960 na 1966 ọ na-anya ụgbọ ala nke ya imewe na engine emi odude centrally n'azụ ọkwọ ụgbọala. Nhazi nke ngalaba ike bụ mgbanwe na motorsport, wee malite John Cooper (1923-2000), na nkwadebe maka oge 1957. Ụgbọ ala Cooper-Climax.

Stirling Moss nwere Cooper-Climax (Mba. 14)

Cooper abụghị nwa akwụkwọ dị uchu, ma ọ nwere nkà maka ọrụ igwe, ya mere, mgbe ọ dị afọ 15, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ nna ya, na-ewu ụlọ. ụgbọ ala rally ọkụ. , Cooper ghọrọ onye a ma ama maka ntugharị ya dị ịtụnanya ewu ewu Mini, akara ngosi nke 60s, Obere bụ echiche nke onye nrụpụta Britain ọzọ a ma ama Alec Issigonis (1906-1988), bụ onye maka oge mbụ n'ime obere ụgbọ ala "ndị mmadụ" debere engine transversely n'ihu. Na nke a, ọ gbakwụnyere usoro nkwusioru a haziri ahazi nke nwere rọba kama isi iyi, wiil ndị nwere oghere na sistemụ na-anabata ihe nke mere ka go-kart ụtọ ịnya ụgbọ ala. Nke a bụ ezigbo ntọala maka mbọ Cooper, onye, ​​ekele maka mgbanwe ya (njin dị ike karịa, breeki ka mma na njikwa ziri ezi) o nyere British midget ike egwuregwu. Ụgbọ ala ahụ enweela ihe ịga nke ọma n'egwuregwu ọtụtụ afọ, gụnyere. Mmeri atọ na Monte Carlo Rally a ma ama.

Alec Issigonis n'ihu osisi Longbridge dị na Austin nwere Mini nke mbụ na Morris Mini Minor Deluxe ọhụrụ na 1965.

Mini Cooper S - onye mmeri nke 1965 Monte Carlo Rally

Ọzọ (1937-1970), bụ onye ṅụrụ ntị kacha aerodynamicsna-etinye ndị na-emebi ihe buru ibu ma na-anwale na downforce. N'ụzọ dị mwute, ọ nwụrụ n'otu n'ime ule ndị a na 1968, mana ụlọ ọrụ ya na ndị otu ịgba ọsọ na-eme ihe nketa ya ma na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ taa.

Nke atọ nke "ndị ikom na-adọba ụgbọala" nke Britain bụ ndị kasị nwee nkà, Colin Chapman (1928-1982), onye nchoputa nke Lotus ụlọ ọrụ, nke o hiwere na 1952. Korobeynyk o lekwasịrị anya naanị igwe eji agba agba. O wukwara ya, a sụgharịrị ihe ịga nke ọma ha ozugbo na mmefu ego nke ụlọ ịgba ọsọ, nke banyere ụgbọ ala ya n'ọsọ na nnọkọ kachasị mkpa n'ụwa (na Formula 1 naanị, Team Lotus meriri ngụkọta nke mmadụ isii na otu asaa. asọmpi). ). Chapman megidere usoro nke oge a, kama ịba ụba ike, ọ họọrọ maka ịdị arọ dị ala na njikwa mara mma. N'ime ndụ ya niile, o gbasoro ụkpụrụ ahụ ọ chepụtara: “Ịbawanye ike gị na-eme ka ị na-agba ọsọ n'ahịrị kwụ ọtọ. Mwepụ oke na-eme ka ị na-agba ọsọ n'ebe niile." Ihe si na ya pụta bụ ụgbọ ala ndị ọhụrụ dị ka Lotus Seven, nke, n'agbanyeghị, ka na-emepụta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na-agbanweghị n'okpuru akara Caterham. Chapman na-ahụ maka ọ bụghị naanị maka igwe ọrụ ha, kamakwa maka imewe ha.

Colin Chapman na-ekele onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala Jim Clark maka mmeri 1967 Dutch Grand Prix na Lotus 49.

otú McLaren o nwere nnukwu ihe ọmụma banyere ikuku ikuku ma gbalịa itinye ya n'ụgbọ ala ya dị ọkụ. Ọ haziri ya Lotus 79 ụgbọ ala ghọrọ ihe nlereanya mbụ na-eji ihe a na-akpọ n'ụzọ zuru ezu. mmetụta elu nke nyere nnukwu mgbada na ụbara ọsọ nkuku nke ukwuu. Laa azụ na 60s, Chapman bụ onye mbụ na F1 na-eji ahụ monocoque kama usoro etiti a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'oge ahụ. Nke a ngwọta debuted na Elite ụzọ nlereanya, wee banye ụgbọ ala Lotus 25 a ma ama site na afọ 1962

Richard Attwood na-anya Lotus 25 na '65 German Grand Prix.

Igwe F1 kacha mma

Ebe anyị na-ekwu maka “ụgbọ ala ndọba ụgbọala,” oge eruola ide ahịrịokwu ole na ole gbasara ndị injinia. Cosworth DFWnke ọtụtụ ndị na-atụle engine kacha mma Ụgbọ ala F1 na akụkọ ihe mere eme. Onye injinia a ma ama nke Britain nwere òkè kacha ukwuu na ọrụ a. Keith Duckworth (1933-2005), ma nyere ya aka Mike Costin (amụrụ 1929). Ndị ikom abụọ ahụ zutere mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ na Lotus na, mgbe ha na-akpa afọ atọ, tọrọ ntọala ụlọ ọrụ nke ha, Cosworth, na 1958. ọ dabara nke ọma Colin Chapman ọ kpasuru ha iwe ma tinye ha n’ọrụ na 1965 na-agbakọta injin maka ụgbọ ala F1 ọhụrụ. 3 lita V8 engine gosipụtara nhazi cylinder nke ogo 90, valves anọ kwa cylinder (-DFV), na igwe lotus ọhụrụ, Ihe ngosi 49, e mepụtara site Chapman kpọmkwem maka Engine Cosworth, nke na usoro a bụ akụkụ nke na-ebu ibu nke chassis, nke e mere ka o kwe omume n'ihi nkwụsị ya na nkwụsi ike nke ngọngọ. Ike kacha bụ 400 hp. na 9000 rpm. nke mere ka o kwe omume iru ọsọ nke 320 km / h.

Gbọ ala jiri injin a merie 155 n'ime 262 Formula One agbụrụ ha banyere. Ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ ala nwere injin a emeriela aha F1 ugboro iri na abụọ, ndị na-arụ ya na-eji ya bụ ihe kacha mma maka oge iri. Tụgharịrị na nkeji turbocharged 12L, ọ meriri agbụrụ na asọmpi na US. O nyekwaara ndị otu Mirage na Rondeau aka imeri awa 1 nke Le Mans na 2,65 na 24 n'otu n'otu. Ejiri ya na nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na Formula 1975 ruo etiti 1980s.

Cosworth DFV na ndị na-emepụta ya: Bill Brown, Keith Duckworth, Mike Costin na Ben Rood

N'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ ala, e nwere engines ole na ole nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe ịga nke ọma dị otú ahụ. Duckworth i Kostina N'ezie, ha rụpụtakwara ngalaba ike ndị ọzọ, gụnyere. ọmarịcha ọgba tum tum eji na egwuregwu Ford na ụgbọ ala ịgba ọsọ: Sierra RS Cosworth na Escort RS Cosworth.

Lee kwa: