Britain na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ: Julaị 1940 - June 1941

N'oge agha na Mers El Kébir, a kụrụ ụgbọ mmiri French Bretagne (n'azụ) nke akwụkwọ akụkọ mgboagha ya n'oge na-adịghị anya.

gbawara, mere ka ụgbọ ahụ mikpuo ozugbo. Ndị ọrụ France na ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri 977 nwụrụ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ahụ.

Mgbe ọdịda France gasịrị, Great Britain chọtara onwe ya n'ọnọdụ siri ike. Obodo a bụ nanị obodo fọdụrụ n’agha ya na Germany, bụ́ nke weghaara ma na-achịkwa ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ kọntinent nile: France, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark, Norway, Poland, Czech Republic, na Austria. Mba ndị fọdụrụ bụ ndị jikọrọ Germany (Italy na Slovakia) ma ọ bụ na-anọpụ iche enyi na enyi (Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Finland na Spain). Portugal, Switzerland na Sweden enweghị nhọrọ ọzọ ma e wezụga ịzụ ahịa na Germany, n'ihi na ha nwere ike ịdaba na mmegide German n'oge ọ bụla. USSR kwadoro Nkwekọrịta Nkwekọrịta Na-adịghị Agbaghara na Agreement Trade Agreement site n'ịkwado Germany na ihe dị iche iche.

N'oge okpomọkụ dị egwu nke 1940, Britain jisiri ike chebe onwe ya pụọ ​​​​na mbuso agha ikuku German. Mwakpo ikuku nke ụbọchị ehihie ji nwayọọ nwayọọ nwụọ na Septemba 1940 wee gbanwee gaa n'ọrụ abalị nke mmekpa ahụ n'October 1940. Mmalite nke usoro nchebe ikuku malitere iji mee ka ọrụ abalị nke Luftwaffe kwụsị nke ọma. N'otu oge ahụ, e nwere mgbasawanye nke ogwe aka mmepụta nke Great Britain, bụ nke ka na-atụ egwu a German mbuso agha, nke ndị Germany n'ezie gbahapụrụ na September, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-elekwasị anya na-eme atụmatụ na mgbe ahụ na-akwadebe maka mbuso agha nke Soviet Union na ndị agha. mmiri nke 1941.

Great Britain weghaara agha ogologo oge na Germany ruo mgbe mmeri zuru oke, nke na-enweghị obi abụọ na mba a. Otú ọ dị, ọ dị mkpa ịhọrọ usoro iji lụso ndị Germany ọgụ. O doro anya na Great Britain enweghị egwuregwu maka Wehrmacht n'elu ala, ma ya fọdụzie ihu ndị mmekọ German ya ihu n'otu oge ahụ. Ọnọdụ ahụ yiri ka ọ bụ ihe siri ike - Germany na-achị kọntinent ahụ, mana enweghị ike ịwakpo Great Britain n'ihi njedebe na njem ndị agha na nkwado ngwa agha, enweghị nchịkwa na ikuku na ịdị elu Britain n'oké osimiri.

Mmeri e meriri n’Agha Britain kwụsịrị ịwakpo ndị Germany wakporo British Islands. Mana ọgbaghara dara n'ihi na ọ nweghị ụzọ Briten nwere ike imeri ndị Germany na ndị Ịtali na kọntinent ahụ. Yabụ kedu ihe ị ga-eme?

N'Agha Ụwa Mbụ, Great Britain ji mmachibido iwu ụgbọ mmiri na-arụpụta ihe dị mma. N'oge ahụ, Germany enweghị ụkọ nnu, nke a na-egwupụtakarị na Chile na India, bụ nke dị mkpa n'ịmepụta ntụ ntụ na ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, yana ihe mgbawa ndị ọzọ. Otú ọ dị, n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, e mepụtara ụzọ Haber na Bosch si enweta amonia n'ụzọ artificial, na-enweghị mkpa saltpeter, na Germany. Ọbụna tupu Agha Ụwa Mbụ, onye Germany na-ahụ maka ọgwụ bụ Fritz Hofmann zụlitekwara usoro maka inweta rọba sịntetik n'ejighị rọba e si South America ebubata na mbụ. N'afọ ndị 20, Germany malitere imepụta rọba sịntetik n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, nke n'aka nke ya mere ka ọ kwụpụrụ onwe ya pụọ ​​n'ihe ndị e ji eme rọba. A na-ebubata Tungsten tumadi site na Pọtugal, n'agbanyeghị na Britain gbara mbọ ịkwụsị ngwa ahịa ndị a, gụnyere ịzụrụ ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a na-emepụta na tungsten Portugal. Mana mgbochi ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nwere ezi uche ka emechara, n'ihi na nnukwu nsogbu Germany bụ mmanụ.

Ihe ngwọta na-esote bụ mwakpo ikuku nke ikuku megide ụlọ ọrụ dị mkpa na Germany. Great Britain bụ obodo nke abụọ na-esote United States ebe nkuzi ọrụ ikuku nke onye ọchịagha Ịtali Gulio Douhet mepụtara dị nnọọ ndụ ma mepụta ihe okike. Onye mbụ kwadoro ogbunigwe atụmatụ bụ onye mere ka e kee Royal Air Force na 1918 - General (RAF Marshal) Hugh M. Trenchard. Ọchịagha Edgar R. Ludlow-Hewitt, ọchịagha Bomber Command na 1937-1940 gara n'ihu n'echiche ya. Otu ụgbọ mmiri dị ike nke ndị na-atụ bọmbụ bụ ikpochapụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị iro na ịmepụta ọnọdụ obibi ndụ siri ike na mba ndị iro nke na mmụọ nke ndị bi na ya ga-ada. N’ihi ya, ndị na-enweghị olileanya ga-eduga n’ịgbagha ọchịchị na ịkwatu ndị ọchịchị steeti, dị ka e mere n’oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ. A tụrụ anya na n'oge agha na-esote, ogbunigwe nke bibiri obodo ndị iro nwere ike iduga n'otu ọnọdụ ahụ ọzọ.

Otú ọ dị, mwakpo bọmbụ ndị Britain ji nwayọọ nwayọọ malite. Na 1939 na ọkara mbụ nke 1940, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị ihe omume dị otú ahụ e mere, ma e wezụga mwakpo na-emeghị nke ọma na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri German na obere mpempe akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi. Ihe kpatara ya bụ egwu nke ime ka ndị Germany na-efunahụ ndị nkịtị, nke nwere ike ibute mmegwara German n'ụdị bombu obodo Britain na French. A manyere ndị Britain iburu nchegbu ndị France n'uche, n'ihi ya, ha zere ịmepụta ọrụ zuru oke

bombu iwe.