Nnukwu nnupụisi - njedebe nke oche nkwagharị?

Onye na-ejibeghị oche nkwagharị nwere ike iche na ọ dị ntakịrị ihe dị iche n'etiti ya na exoskeleton, ma ọ bụ ọbụna na oche nkwagharị na-enye mmegharị, ngwa ngwa na ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma. Otú ọ dị, ndị ọkachamara na ndị nwere nkwarụ n'onwe ha na-ekwusi ike na maka ndị ahụ kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ ọ dị ezigbo mkpa ọ bụghị nanị ịkwaga, kamakwa ịpụ n'oche nkwagharị ma were ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ.

Na June 12, 2014, obere oge tupu elekere 17:XNUMX n'ógbè Arena Corinth dị na Sao Paulo, bụ́ nwa okorobịa onye Brazil. ibu nwere nkwarụebe ọ na-agakarị, o jiri ụkwụ were were gbafe bọọlụ wee mee ngafe mbụ ya na iko mba ụwa. O yiri exoskeleton na-achịkwa uche (1). 

1. Agba nke mbụ na iko mba ụwa na Brazil

Ihe owuwu a gosipụtara bụ nsonaazụ nke ọtụtụ afọ nke otu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị mba ụwa lekwasịrị anya na ọrụ Walk Again. Naanị exoskeleton Emere na France. Ọ bụ Gordon Cheng si na Mahadum nka na ụzụ Munich na-ahazi ọrụ a, na teknụzụ maka ịgụ ebili mmiri ụbụrụ bụ nke e mepụtara na USA, nakwa na Mahadum Duke.

Nke a bụ ngosipụta mbụ nke njikwa uche n'ime ngwaọrụ igwe. Tupu nke a, a na-egosipụta exoskeletons na ogbako ma ọ bụ na-esere ya na ụlọ nyocha, a na-ahụkarị ndekọ na ntanetị.

exoskeleton bụ Dr. Miguel Nicolelis na otu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị 156 wuru. Aha aha ya bụ BRA-Santos-Dumont, iji sọpụrụ Albert Santos-Dumont, onye ọsụ ụzọ Brazil. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ekele maka nzaghachi, onye ọrịa ahụ aghaghị "ịhụ" ihe ọ na-eme site na usoro ihe mmetụta kọmputa dị na ngwá ọrụ.

Jiri ụkwụ nke aka gị tinye akụkọ ihe mere eme

Akụkọ Claire Lomas dị afọ 32 (2) gosiri nke ahụ exoskeleton o nwere ike imeghe ụzọ ndụ ọhụrụ maka onye nwere nkwarụ. N'afọ 2012, otu nwa agbọghọ Britain, onye kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ site n'úkwù gbadaa, nwetara aha ya site n'ịgba ọsọ Marathon London. O were ya ụbọchị iri na asaa, ma o mere ya! Emere ka ihe a kwe omume site na ọkpụkpụ ReWalk nke Israel.

2. Claire Lomas na exoskeleton ReWalk

Akpọrọ aha ihe ms Clare mere otu n'ime mmemme teknụzụ kachasị ukwuu nke 2012. N'afọ sochiri ya, o ji adịghị ike ya malite agbụrụ ọhụrụ. Oge a, o kpebiri iji igwe igwe eji aka were gbaa kilomita 400 ma ọ bụ karịa 600 kilomita.

Ka ọ na-aga, ọ gbalịrị ileta ọtụtụ obodo o kwere mee. N'oge mmechi ahụ, o hiwere ReWalk wee gaa n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, na-agbasa okwu ahụ na ịkpata ego iji nyere ndị nwere ọnya ọkpụkpụ aka.

Ọpụpụ agaghị edochi ya ma oche nkwagharị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ha na-adị ngwa ngwa nke onye ahụ kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ ịgafe okporo ụzọ n'enweghị nsogbu. Otú ọ dị, a nwalere ihe owuwu ndị a n'oge na-adịbeghị anya ma ha nwere ike iweta ọtụtụ uru.

Na mgbakwunye na ikike imeri ihe mgbochi na nkasi obi nke uche, ọkpụkpụ ahụ na-enye onye ọrụ oche nkwagharị ohere maka nhazigharị ọrụ. Ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ na-ewusi obi, mọzụlụ, mgbasa na akụkụ ahụ ndị ọzọ ike site na ịnọdụ ala kwa ụbọchị.

Ọkpụkpụ nwere joystick

Berkeley Bionics, mara maka ọrụ agha exoskeleton agha HULC, tụrụ aro afọ ise gara aga exoskeleton Maka ndị nwere nkwarụ ka a na-akpọ eLEGS (3). Ọ dị mfe iji imewe emebere maka ndị kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ. Ọ dị kilogram 20 ma na-enye gị ohere ịga ije na ọsọ ọsọ ruru 3,2 km / h. maka awa isii.

Emebere ngwaọrụ ahụ ka onye na-arụ ọrụ n'oche nkwagharị nwee ike itinye ya ma nọrọ n'okporo ụzọ n'ime nkeji ole na ole. A na-etinye ha na uwe na akpụkpọ ụkwụ, kechie na Velcro na buckles dị ka ndị a na-eji na akpa azụ.

A na-eme njikwa njikwa site na iji mmegharị ahụ, tụgharịrị exoskeleton na kọmputa. A na-eji crutches eme njem iji nyere gị aka ịkwado nguzozi gị. ReWalk na eLEGS ndị America yiri ya dị ntakịrị. A ghaghị ikweta na ha anaghị enye nkwụsi ike zuru oke, ya mere mkpa a kpọtụrụ aha maka nkwado na crutches. Ụlọ ọrụ New Zealand REX Bionics weere ụzọ dị iche.

4. Exoskeleton nke Rex Bionics

REX o wuru na-atụ kilogram 38, mana ọ kwụsiri ike (4). Ọ pụrụ ọbụna ịnagide nnukwu deviations si vetikal na guzo n'otu ụkwụ. A na-ahazikwa ya n'ụzọ dị iche. Kama ịhazi ahụ, onye ọrụ na-eji obere joystick. Robotic Exoskeleton, ma ọ bụ REX dị mkpirikpi, were ihe karịrị afọ anọ iji tolite ma gosipụta ya na Julaị 14, 2010.

Ọ dabere na echiche nke exoskeleton ma mejupụtara ụzọ abụọ nke robotic ụkwụ na-enye gị ohere iguzo ọtọ, ije ije, gaa n'akụkụ, tụgharịa, gbadaa na n'ikpeazụ jee ije. Ihe a na-enye bụ maka ndị na-eji ngwaahịa ọdịnala eme ihe kwa ụbọchị. ibu nwere nkwarụ.

Ngwaọrụ ahụ enwetala ụkpụrụ mpaghara niile dị mkpa ma mepụta ya na-eburu n'uche aro nke ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara nhazigharị. Ịmụta iji ụkwụ rọbọt eje ije na-ewe izu abụọ. Onye nrụpụta na-enye ọzụzụ na REX Center na Auckland, New Zealand.

Ụbụrụ na-abata n'egwuregwu

N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, injinia Mahadum Houston Jose Contreras-Vidal jikọtara interface ụbụrụ BCI n'ime exoskeleton New Zealand. Ya mere, kama osisi, REX nwekwara ike ịchịkwa ya site n'uche onye ọrụ. Ma, n'ezie, nke a abụghị nanị ụdị exoskeleton na-enye ya ohere 'ụbụrụ na-achịkwa' ya.

Otu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị Korea na German emepụtala ọrụ usoro njikwa exoskeleton mmegharị ụkwụ dị ala site na iji interface ụbụrụ dabere na ngwaọrụ electroencephalographic na LEDs.

Ozi gbasara ngwọta a - na-ekwe nkwa nke ukwuu site n'echiche, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị na-eji oche nkwagharị - pụtara ọtụtụ ọnwa gara aga na akwụkwọ akụkọ pụrụ iche "Journal of Neural Engineering".

Usoro ahụ na-enye gị ohere ịga n'ihu, tụgharịa aka ekpe na aka nri, ma nọgide na-eguzosi ike n'ebe ọ nọ. Onye ọrụ ahụ na-edobe “headset” EEG na-ahụkarị n'isi ha wee zipụ pulses kwesịrị ekwesị ka ọ na-elekwasị anya ma na-elele ọtụtụ LEDs ise.

Igwe ọkụ ọkụ ọ bụla na-enwu n'otu oge, onye na-eji exoskeleton na-elekwasị anya na LED ahọpụtara n'otu oge, na-ebute ọgụgụ isi nke ụbụrụ na-akpali akpali na EEG.

Dị ka ị nwere ike iche, usoro a chọrọ nkwadebe ụfọdụ, ma, dị ka ndị mmepe na-emesi obi ike, ọ na-ejide mmetụta dị mkpa nke ọma site na ụda ụbụrụ niile. Ọ na-ewekarị isiokwu ihe dị ka nkeji ise iji mụta ka esi ejikwa exoskeleton nke ọma, nke na-emegharị ụkwụ ha.

Ewezuga exoskeleton.

Exoskeleton kama oche nkwagharị - nkà na ụzụ a enwebeghị ọganihu n'ezie, na ọbụna echiche ọhụrụ na-apụta. Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ike iji uche gị jikwaa ihe arụrụ arụ inert exoskeletonyabụ gịnị kpatara na ị gaghị eji interface dị ka BCI maka akwara inert nke onye ahụ kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ?

5. Onye kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ na-eji BCI na-ejegharị na-enweghị exoskeleton.

A kọwara ngwọta a na njedebe nke September 2015 na akwụkwọ akụkọ NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation Experts si University of California, Irvine, nke Dr. An Do na-edu, kwadoro onye 26 dị afọ kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ ruo afọ ise na onye na-anya ụgbọelu EEG. n'isi ya na n'ime electrodes nke na-ebuli ọkụ eletrik n'ime akwara ndị gbara ikpere ya na-enweghị ike imegharị (5).

Tupu ya enwee ike iji ụkwụ ya ọzọ mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke enweghị ike imeghari, o doro anya na ọ ga-enweta ọzụzụ a na-emebu maka ndị na-eji BCI interfaces. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'eziokwu. Ọ ga-emekwa ka uru ahụ́ ya sie ike iji kwado ibu ahụ ya.

O jisiri ike jiri onye na-eje ije na-aga mita 3,66, nke nyere ya ohere ịnọgide na-enwe nguzozi ya ma nyefee ụfọdụ ibu ahụ ya. N'agbanyeghị otú ọ pụrụ isi na-eju anya ma na-emegiderịta onwe ya, o nwetara ikike n'ahụ́ ụkwụ ya!

Dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eduzi ndị a nnwale, a Usoro, yana n'ibu enyemaka na prosthetics, nwere ike iweghachi a ịrịba ego nke agagharị na ndị nwere nkwarụ na ọbụna ahụ kpọnwụrụ akpọnwụ ma na-enye ndị ọzọ uche afọ ojuju karịa exoskeletons. Otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọzọ, nnukwu ọgba aghara ụgbọ ala yiri ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere.