Vladimir Kramnik bụ onye mmeri chess ụwa

Ndị ọkachamara Chess Association (PCA) bụ ọgbakọ chess nke Garry Kasparov na Nigel Short hibere na 1993. Emebere mkpakọrịta a n'ihi Kasparov (onye mmeri ụwa mgbe ahụ) na Short (onye mmeri knockout) anabataghị usoro ego nke asọmpi asọmpi ụwa nke FIDE (International Chess Federation) setịpụrụ. Nigel Short wee merie asọmpi ntozu FIDE, na asọmpi ndị Candidates ọ meriri onye bụbu onye mmeri ụwa Anatoly Karpov na Jan Timman. Mgbe a chụpụrụ ya na FIDE, Kasparov na Short gbara otu egwuregwu na London na 1993 nke kwụsịrị na mmeri 12½: 7½ maka Kasparov. Mpụta nke SPS na nhazi nke asọmpi asọmpi maka aha onye mmeri ụwa kpatara nkewa na ụwa chess. Kemgbe ahụ, a na-ahazi egwuregwu asọmpi ụwa n'ụzọ abụọ: site na FIDE na òtù ndị Kasparov tọrọ ntọala. Vladimir Kramnik ghọrọ Braingames (PCA continuation) onye mmeri ụwa na 2000 mgbe o meriri Kasparov. Na 2006, otu egwuregwu dị n'otu maka aha onye mmeri ụwa, nke na-esote Vladimir Kramnik ghọrọ onye mmeri chess ụwa.

1. Volodya Kramnik na-eto eto, isi mmalite: http://bit.ly/3pBt9Ci

Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik (Russian: Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik) mụrụ na June 25, 1975 na Tuapse, Krasnodar mpaghara, na Black Sea Coast. Nna ya gụrụ akwụkwọ na Academy of Arts wee ghọọ onye na-ese ihe na onye na-ese ihe. Mama m gụchara akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na Lviv, mechaa rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nkụzi n'egwú. Site na nwata, a na-ele Volodya anya dị ka onye na-eme ihe ngosi n'obodo ya (1). Mgbe ọ dị afọ 3, ọ na-ekiri egwuregwu nke nwanne ya nwoke na nna ya tọrọ. N'ịhụ mmasị nke obere Vladimir, papa na-etinye nsogbu dị mfe na chessboard, na nwa ewu na-atụghị anya ya, ọ fọrọ nke nta ozugbo, dozie ya n'ụzọ ziri ezi. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Volodya malitere ịkpọ chess maka nna ya. Mgbe ọ dị afọ 10, ọ bụbu onye ọkpụkpọ kacha mma na Tuapse niile. Mgbe Vladimir dị afọ 11, ezinụlọ ahụ dum kwagara Moscow. Ebe ahụ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ nke talent chess, kere ma na-agba ọsọ site na mbụ ọ nyere aka ịzụ Garry Kasparov. Ndị mụrụ ya nyekwara aka na mmepe nke talent Vladimir, na nna ya kwụsịrị ọrụ ya iji soro nwa ya nwoke gaa asọmpi.

Na iri na ise onye na-egwu chess nwere nkà ọ nwere ike igwu mkpuchi anya na ndị mmegide iri abụọ n'otu oge! N'okpuru nrụgide sitere n'aka Kasparov, Kramnik na-eto eto so na ndị otu chess mba Russia na mgbe ọ dị nanị afọ 16, ọ nọchiri anya Russia na Chess Olympiad na Manila. Ọ ghọgbughị olileanya ya na n'ime egwuregwu itoolu e mere na Olympic, ọ meriri asatọ ma gbaa otu. Na 1995, o nwetara mmeri mbụ ya na World Championship na Dortmund na-enweghị mmeri ọ bụla na asọmpi ahụ. N'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ, Kramnik gara n'ihu na-agba ọsọ ya nke ọma ma merie ngụkọta nke asọmpi 9 na Dortmund.

Braingames World Chess asọmpi egwuregwu

Na 2000 na London Kramnik na Kasparov gbara egwuregwu asọmpi ụwa sitere na Braingames (2). N'ime egwuregwu siri ike nke nwere egwuregwu iri na isii, Kramnik meriri onye nkuzi ya Kasparov na-atụghị anya ya, onye nọ na-anọdụ n'oche chess na-aga n'ihu kemgbe afọ 16 gara aga.

2. Vladimir Kramnik - Garry Kasparov, Braingames egwuregwu asọmpi ụwa, isi mmalite: https://bit.ly/3cozwoR

Vladimir Kramnik - Garry Kasparov

Braingames World Championship egwuregwu na London, agba nke iri, Ọktoba 10, 24.10.2000, XNUMX

1.d4 Sf6 2.c4 e6 3.Sc3 Gb4 4.e3 O -O 5.Gd3 d5 6.Sf3 c5 7.OO c: d4 8.e: d4 d: c4 9.G: c4 b6 10.Gg5 Gb7 11.We1 Sbd7 12.Wc1 Wc8 13.Hb3 Ge7 14.G: f6 S: f6 15.G: e6 (eserese nke 3) q:e6? (I had to play 15… Rc7 16.Sg5 N:d4 17.S:f7 Bc5 18.Sd6+ Kh8 19.S:b7 H:f2+ na Black nwere ụgwọ maka pawn furu efu) 16.H: e6 + Kh8 17.H: e7 G: f3 18.g: f3 Q: d4 19.Sb5 H: b2? (было лучше 19…Qd2 20.W:c8 W:c8 21.Sd6 Rb8 22.Sc4 Qd5 23.H:a7 Ra8 obere ọcha-achị) 20.W: c8 W: c8 21.Nd6 Rb8 22.Nf7 + Kg8 23.Qe6 Rf8 24.Nd8 + Kh8 25.Qe7 1-0 (eserese nke 4).

3. Vladimir Kramnik - Garry Kasparov, ọnọdụ mgbe 15.G: e6

4. Vladimir Kramnik - Garry Kasparov, na-emecha ọnọdụ mgbe 25 na-aga He7.

Vladimir Kramnik ọ tụfuru otu egwuregwu na egwuregwu a, ọ na-enwetakwa mmeri ya, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ, site na iji "Berlin Wall" variant, nke a na-emepụta mgbe mmegharị ahụ gasịrị: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 (eserese 5) 4.OO S:e4 5.d4 Sd6 6.G:c6 d:c6 7.d:e5 Sf5 8.H:d8 K:d8 (edemede 6).

5. Mgbidi Berlin si n'akụkụ Spanish

6. Version nke "Mgbidi Berlin" nke Vladimir Kramnik.

Wall Berlin na Spanish Party Ọ nwetara aha ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ chess nke narị afọ nke 2000 na Berlin, bụ nke doro ụdị dị iche iche a na nyocha nke ọma. Ọ nọgidere na ndò ruo ogologo oge, ndị na-egwu chess kacha mma na-elelị anya ruo XNUMX, mgbe Kramnik jiri ya mee egwuregwu megidere. Kasparov. Na mgbanwe a, Black enweghị ike ịtụba (ọ bụ ezie na nke a adịghị mkpa na enweghị eze nwanyị) ma nwee okpukpu abụọ. Atụmatụ Black bụ imechi ụzọ niile na ogige ya ma were ohere nke ndị ozi di na nwunye. Oji na-ahọrọ mgbanwe a mgbe ụfọdụ mgbe eserese bụ ezigbo nsonaazụ nke asọmpi ahụ.

Kramnik jiri ya ugboro anọ na egwuregwu a. Kasparov na ndị otu ya enweghị ike ịchọta ihe ngwọta maka mgbidi Berlin, onye na-ama aka na-enwetakwa ngwa ngwa. A na-ejikọta aha ahụ "Mgbidi Berlin" na ntụkwasị obi nke mpụta mbụ ya, ọ bụkwa aha ígwè ma ọ bụ ihe ndị siri ike na-eji na-echekwa olulu miri emi ("Mgbidi Berlin").

7. Vladimir Kramnik na Corus Chess Tournament, Wijk aan Zee, 2005, isi iyi: http://bit.ly/36rzYPc

Na October 2002 Bahrain Kramnik sere n'egwuregwu egwuregwu asatọ megide Deep Fritz 7 kọmputa chess (ọsọ kacha elu: ọnọdụ nde 3,5 kwa nkeji). Ego ihe nrite bụ otu nde dollar. Ma kọmputa ma mmadụ meriri egwuregwu abụọ. Kramnik bịarutere nso imeri egwuregwu a, na-amaghi ama ọnye otu egwuregwu nke isii. Nwoke ahụ nwere mmeri abụọ n'ọnọdụ dị mfe, dịka ọmụmaatụ, ebe kọmputa dị ala karịa ụmụ mmadụ, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ merie na egwuregwu nke anọ. Otu egwuregwu furu ya n'ihi nnukwu njehie aghụghọ, na nke ọzọ n'ihi mmegharị ahụ dị ize ndụ na ọnọdụ bara uru karị.

Na 2004 Kramnik gbachitere aha ụwa ya. Òtù Braingames, bụ nke soro onye Hungarian Peter Leko na-ese onyinyo na obodo Switzerland nke Brissago (dị ka iwu egwuregwu si dị, Kramnik jigidere aha ya na eserese). Ka ọ dị ugbu a, o sonyela n'ọtụtụ asọmpi chess ya na ndị na-egwu chess kacha mma n'ụwa, gụnyere nke a na-eme kwa afọ na obodo Dutch. Bilie see, na-emekarị n'ọkara nke abụọ nke January ma ọ bụ n'oge January na February (7). Asọmpi Wimbledon dị ugbu a na Wijk aan Zee a na-akpọ Tata Steel Chess bụ ndị ogwe abụọ na-egwu: i.

Asọmpi maka aha otu asọmpi chess ụwa

Na September 2006, na Elista (isi obodo nke Russian Republic of Kalmykia) egwuregwu maka ịdị n'otu aha nke ụwa chess mmeri mere n'etiti Vladimir Kramnik na Bulgarian Veselin Topalov (ụwa onye mmeri nke International Chess Federation) (8).

8. Vladimir Kramnik (n'aka ekpe) na Veselin Topalov na egwuregwu mbụ nke 2006 World Chess Championship egwuregwu, isi iyi: Mergen Bembinov, Associated Press

Egwuregwu a so ndị kacha ama ama asịrị chess (ihe a na-akpọ "scandal ụlọ mposi"), jikọtara ya na nrutuaka maka enyemaka kọmputa na-akwadoghị. Kramnik onye njikwa Topalov boro ya ebubo na ọ kwadoro onwe ya na mmemme Fritz 9 na ụlọ mposi nkeonwe. Mgbe mmechi nke ụlọ mposi dị iche iche, Kramnik, na mkpesa, amaliteghị egwuregwu na-esote, nke ise (na ọ na-edu 3: 1) ma tụfuo ya site na mmeri teknụzụ. Mgbe e mepechara ụlọ mposi, egwuregwu ahụ agwụla. Ka egwuregwu iri na abụọ gachara akara bụ 12:6, Kramnik meriri 6:2,5 na mgbakwunye oge. Mgbe egwuregwu a gasịrị, n'ọtụtụ asọmpi chess kachasị mkpa, a na-enyocha ndị na-egwu egwuregwu na ihe nchọta ígwè tupu ha abanye n'ụlọ egwuregwu.

Mgbe Kramnik meriri n'ọkwa ụwa, Kramnik gbara asọmpi ụzọ isii megide mmemme kọmputa Deep Fritz 10 na Bonn., Nọvemba 25 - Disemba 5, 2006 (9).

9. Kramnik - Deep Fritz 10, Bonn 2006, isi mmalite: http://bit.ly/3j435Nz

10. Ụkwụ nke abụọ nke Deep Fritz 10 - Kramnik, Bonn, 2006

Kọmputa ahụ jiri akara 4:2 meriri (mmeri abụọ na agba anọ). Nke a bụ nnukwu ndakpọ igwe mmadụ na nke ikpeazụ, na-agbakọ ihe dị ka nde asatọ n'otu nkeji kwa nkeji nwere omimi egwuregwu nke ruru 4-17 laps. N'oge ahụ, Fritz bụ 18rd - 3th engine n'ụwa. Kramnik nwetara 4 500 euro maka mmalite, ọ gaara enweta otu nde maka mmeri. Na eserese nke mbụ, Kramnik ejighị ohere ahụ merie. Egwuregwu nke abụọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama maka otu ihe kpatara ya: Kramnik mated na otu mmegharị na njedebe nha anya, nke a na-akpọkarị mmejọ ebighi ebi (Fig 10). N'ọnọdụ a, Kramnik na-atụghị anya ya 34… He3 ??, wee nweta nwunye 35.Qh7 ≠. Na ogbako ogbako nke a haziri mgbe egwuregwu ahụ gasịrị, Kramnik enweghị ike ịkọwa ihe mere o ji mehie ihe a, kwuru na ọ dị ya mma n'ụbọchị ahụ, na-egwu egwuregwu ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi, gụchaa mgbanwe He3 n'ụzọ ziri ezi, wee lelee ya ọtụtụ ugboro, ma dịka o kwuru na ya. Eyigharịrị eklips iju, ntu oyi.

Egwuregwu atọ sochirinụ kwụsịrị n'ọtọ. N'egwuregwu ikpeazụ, nke isii, nke na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla ọ ga-efunahụ ma na-aga n'ụzọ niile, Kramnik na-egwuri egwu na-enweghị atụ. Ụdị nke Naidorf na Sicilian Defence, ma furu efu ọzọ. Site na ihe omume a, ụwa niile chess, karịsịa ndị na-akwado, ghọtara na egwuregwu ngosi ngosi na-esote ga-abụ otu ihe mgbaru ọsọ, n'ihi na onye nwere nkwarụ enweghị ohere na duel na kọmputa.

31 kaadị 2006 г. Onye mmeri chess ụwa bụ Vladimir Kramnik ọ lụrụ onye nta akụkọ France bụ Marie-Laure Germont, na agbamakwụkwọ ụka ha mere na February 4 na Alexander Nevsky Cathedral na Paris (11). Ndị ezinụlọ na ezigbo ndị enyi bịara emume a, dịka ọmụmaatụ, onye nnọchi anya France kemgbe 1982, onye mmeri chess ụwa nke iri.

11. Eze na eze nwanyị ya: agbamakwụkwọ Ọtọdọks na Alexander Nevsky Cathedral na Paris, isi iyi: Foto sitere na agbamakwụkwọ nke Vladimir Kramnik | ChessBase

Vladimir Kramnik tụfuru aha ụwa ya na 2007 ka Vishwanatana Ananda na asọmpi na Mexico. N'afọ 2008 na Bonn, o meriri otu egwuregwu n'aka onye na-achị ụwa bụ Viswanathan Anand 4½:6½.

Kramnik na-anọchi anya Russia ọtụtụ ugboro na otu asọmpi, gụnyere: ugboro asatọ na Chess Olympiads (ugboro atọ złoty dị ka otu na ugboro atọ złoty dị ka onye). Na 2013, o meriri ihe nrite ọla edo na World Team Championship emere na Antalya (Turkey).

Kramnik mere atụmatụ ịkwụsị ọrụ chess ya na 40, mana ọ na-apụta na ọ ka na-egwu egwu na ọkwa kachasị elu, na-enwe ọkwa kachasị elu nke ọrụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 41. Ọktoba 1, 2016 jiri akara nke akara 2817. A ka nọ ugbu a n'etiti ndị kacha mma n'ụwa yana ogo ya na 2763 Jan 1 bụ 2021.

12. Vladimir Kramnik n'ogige ọzụzụ nke ndị kasị pụta ìhè India juniors na French obodo Chen-sur-Leman na August 2019, foto: Amruta Mokal

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Vladimir Kramnik na-etinyekwu oge na agụmakwụkwọ nke ndị na-eto eto chess (12). Na Jenụwarị 7-18, 2020, onye mmeri ụwa mbụ sonyere na ogige ọzụzụ na Chennai (Madras), India (13). Ndị na-eto eto chess iri na anọ nwere nkà sitere na India dị afọ 12-16 (gụnyere ndị kacha mma n'ụwa n'ụdị afọ ha D. Gukesh na R. Praggnanandaa) sonyere na ogige ọzụzụ ụbọchị iri. Ọ bụkwa onye nkuzi ọzụzụ maka ndị obere kacha mma n'ụwa. Boris Gelfand - Belarusian grandmaster na-anọchite anya Israel, osote onye mmeri nke ụwa na 2012.

13. Vladimir Kramnik na Boris Gelfand na-azụ ụmụ obere ndị India nwere nkà na Chennai, foto: Amruta Mokal, ChessBase India

Ndị Kramniks bi na Geneva ma nwee ụmụ abụọ, ada Daria (amụrụ 2008) (afọ 14) na nwa nwoke Vadim (a mụrụ 2013). Ikekwe ụmụ ha n'ọdịnihu ga-agbaso nzọụkwụ nke nna a ma ama.

14. Vladimir Kramnik na ada ya Daria, isi iyi: https://bit.ly/3akwBL9

Ndepụta ndị mmeri chess ụwa

Ndị mmeri ụwa zuru oke

1. Wilhelm Steinitz, 1886-1894

2. Immanuel Lasker, 1894-1921

3. José Raul Capablanca, 1921-1927

4 Aleksandr Alechin, 1927-1935 na 1937-1946

5. Max Euwe, 1935-1937

6. Mikhail Botvinnik, 1948-1957, 1958-1960 na 1961-1963

7. Vasily Smyslov, 1957-1958

8. Mikhail Tal, 1960-1961

9. Tigran Petrosyan, 1963-1969

10. Boris Spassky, 1969-1972

11. Bobby Fischer, 1972-1975

12. Anatoly Karpov, 1975-1985

13. Garry Kasparov, 1985-1993

PCA/Braingames asọmpi ụwa (1993-2006)

1. Garry Kasparov, 1993-2000

2. Vladimir Kramnik, 2000-2006

Ndị mmeri ụwa FIDE (1993-2006)

1. Anatoly Karpov, 1993-1999

2. Alexander Chalifman, 1999-2000

3. Vishwanathan Anand, 2000–2002.

4. Ruslan Ponomarev, 2002-2004

5. Rustam Kasymdzhanov, 2004-2005.

Veselin Topalov, 6-2005

Ndị mmeri ụwa enweghị mgbagha (mgbe njikọta)

14. Vladimir Kramnik, 2006-2007

15. Vishwanathan Anand, 2007–2013.

16. Magnus Carlsen, kemgbe 2013