Ịnya ụgbọ ala mgbe niile, ya bụ nyocha nke sistemu mbanye 4 × 4

N'ime afọ 20 gara aga, ụgbọala 4 × 4 emeela nnukwu ọrụ. Ọ si SUVs kwaga ụgbọ ala ndị njem. Gụọ ntuziaka anyị maka sistemu mbanye axle abụọ.

Ejikọtara mbanye nwere ụkwụ anọ, nke akpọrọ 4×4, na ụgbọ ala ndị na-adịghị n'okporo ụzọ. Ọrụ ya bụ ịkwalite traction, wdg. obi ike na-apụ n'okporo ụzọ, ya bụ. ikike imeri ihe mgbochi. Ụgbọ ala 4x4 na-arụ ọrụ yiri nke ahụ na ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụ SUV. Ma n'okwu a, anyị anaghị ekwu maka ikike ịgafe mba dị mma, kama maka ibelata ohere nke ịgba ọsọ, ya bụ. nakwa maka imeziwanye njide okporo ụzọ.

Hụkwa: Ụdị diski 4 × 4 - foto

Otú ọ dị, e kwesịrị ịrịba ama na n'okpuru okwu mkpokọta "drive 4 × 4" ọtụtụ ụdị ngwọta na usoro na-ezo.

- Ụgbọ ala 4 × 4 na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na ụgbọ ala na-apụ apụ, ụgbọ ala na-apụ apụ, na ụgbọ ala ndị njem nkịtị, Tomasz Budny na-akọwa, onye hụrụ ụgbọ ala na-apụ apụ na ụdị ụzọ.

Ihe ngwọta na-eto eto nke ngwọta a na ụgbọ ala ndị njem na-abụkarị ụdị abụọ: Subaru na Audi. Karịsịa na nke ikpeazụ, aha quattro, ihe ngwọta nke onye na-emepụta German, gosipụtara onwe ya nke ọma.

– Quattro mbanye bụ ugbu a akara Audi. Dabere na ihe nlereanya ahụ, a na-eji ngwọta nkà na ụzụ dị iche iche eme ihe. Ugbu a, a na-ere Audi nke anọ ọ bụla na ụdị quattro, Dr. Grzegorz Laskowski, onye isi ọzụzụ na Kulczyk Tradex, nke bụ onye nnọchiteanya Polish nke Audi kwuru.

Pluggable mbanye

Sistemụ ịnya ụgbọ ala XNUMX-axle bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ụgbọ ala ndị na-apụ apụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ụgbọ ala ndị a nwere ụgbọala inyeaka. Naanị otu axle (na-abụkarị azụ) ka a na-ebugharị mgbe niile, onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala na-ekpebi ma ọ ga-agbanye draịva ahụ n'ihu axle mgbe ọ dị mkpa.

Ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ SUV nile nwere akara nchịkwa abụọ n'ime ụlọ - otu nwere igbe gear, nke ọzọ nwere ọdịiche dị n'etiti, ọrụ ya bụ ijikọ ụgbọala na axle ọzọ. Na SUV nke oge a, obere mgba ọkụ, mkpịsị aka ma ọ bụ ọbụna bọtịnụ na-arụ ọrụ 4 × 4 mbanye eletrọnịkị ejirila lever a.

Hụkwa: Turbo n'ime ụgbọ ala - ike karịa, mana nsogbu. Nduzi

Iji meziwanye traction, SUV ọ bụla na-asọpụrụ onwe ya nwekwara igbe ihe eji eme ihe, ya bụ. a usoro na-abawanye torque na-ebufe na wiil na efu nke ọsọ.

N'ikpeazụ, maka SUV ndị a na-ekwukarị, a na-ezube ụgbọ ala ndị nwere ọdịiche etiti na mkpọchi dị iche iche na axles nke ọ bụla. Enwere ike ịchọta usoro dị otú ahụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Jeep Wrangler.

– Ihe nlereanya a nwere ike iji atọ eletrọnịkị mmachi slip differentials – n'ihu, etiti na azu. Ngwọta a na-enye nzaghachi ngwa ngwa maka ọnọdụ ịnya ụgbọ ala na-agbanwe na nnyefe ike karịa, "Krzysztof Klos, Ọkachamara Ngwaahịa na Jeep Poland na-akọwa.

A na-eji nkwụnye n'ihu-wheel mbanye, karịsịa, na Opel Frontera, Nissan Navara, Suzuki Jimny, Toyota Hilux.

Mbanye akpaaka

N'agbanyeghị oke arụmọrụ nke imeri ihe mgbochi, nkwụnye nkwụnye ahụ nwere ụfọdụ njedebe. Nke mbụ, a pụghị iji ya mee ihe n'elu ebe siri ike, ya bụ, n'èzí. Nke abuo, ọ dị arọ ma ọ bụghị maka obere ụgbọ ala. Ndị na-emepụta ihe aghaghị ịchọ ihe ọzọ.

Ihe ngwọta bụ njigide nke ọtụtụ efere: viscous, electromechanical or electromagnetic. Ha na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche nke etiti, na njirimara ha na-ahụkarị bụ akpaka dosing nke mbanye na axle nke chọrọ ya ugbu a. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, naanị otu axle ka a na-anya, mana mgbe ihe mmetụta eletrọnịkị na-achọpụta mwepu na axle mbanye, a na-ebufe ụfọdụ torque na axle nke ọzọ.

Viscous njikọ

Ruo n'oge na-adịbeghị anya, nke a bụ usoro 4x4 na-ewu ewu na ụgbọ ala ndị njem na ụfọdụ SUV. Uru ndị dị mfe nhazi na ọnụ ala mmepụta ihe.

Hụkwa: Sistemụ breeki - mgbe ị ga-agbanwe mpe mpe akwa, diski na mmiri mmiri - ntuziaka

Usoro ahụ nwere eriri viscous multi-disiki jupụtara na mmanụ buru ibu. Ọrụ ya bụ ibunye torque ozugbo na axle nke abụọ. Nke a na-eme naanị mgbe enwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị na ọsọ nke ntụgharị ihu na azụ azụ. Ihe ọghọm nke ngwọta a bụ ohere nke ikpo ọkụ nke usoro ahụ.

Electromechanical clutch

Eletrọnịkị na-akpọ violin mbụ ebe a. A na-etinye onye njikwa pụrụ iche na sistemụ ụgbọ ala, ọrụ ya bụ ịchịkwa njigide dabere na data sensọ nke na-enyocha mmegharị nke ụgbọ ala ahụ.

Usoro a nwere ike idi ibu dị ukwuu karịa njikọ viscous. Fiat na Suzuki (Fiat Sedici na Suzuki SX4 ụdị) na-akwado nke a ngwọta.

Electromagnetic clutch

N'okwu a, usoro multi-disk na-arụ ọrụ dịka ụkpụrụ electromagnetic si dị. Ọ nwere ike ịnyefe torque na axles 50% ruo 50%. A na-arụ ọrụ usoro ahụ mgbe enwere ọdịiche dị na ọsọ n'etiti n'ihu na azụ azụ.

Otu ihe atụ nke a na mgbagwoju ụdị bụ BMW xDrive usoro. Sistemu ESP na sistemu breeki na-enyere mbanye a aka nke nwere ike igbachi ihe dị iche iche na axles abụọ ahụ.

Ihe ọghọm nke njigide abụọ a - electromechanical na electromagnetic - bụ ihe mgbagwoju anya, nke na-abawanye ọnụ ahịa nke mmepụta na, n'ihi ya, ọnụ ahịa ụgbọ ala. Ha na-adịte aka nke ukwuu, ma ọ bụrụ na ndakpọ, ụgwọ nrụzi dị oke mkpa.

Hụkwa: xenon ma ọ bụ halogen? Kedu ọkụ ọkụ ịhọrọ maka ụgbọ ala - ndu

Na mgbakwunye na BMW, Fiat na Suzuki, 4 × 4 mbanye na-akpaghị aka na-ekesa torque n'etiti axles, gụnyere. B: Honda CR-V, Jeep kompas, Land Rover Freelander, Nissan X-Trail, Opel Antara, Toyota RAV4.

Haldex, Thorsen na 4Matic

Sistemụ Haldex na Torsen bụ mmepe nke echiche nkesa nkesa akpaaka n'etiti axles.

haldex

Ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ Swedish Haldex chepụtara atụmatụ ahụ. Na mgbakwunye na njigide nke ọtụtụ efere, a na-eji usoro hydraulic buru ibu na-ebufe ike n'etiti axles. Uru nke ngwọta a bụ ohere nke mmekọrịta ya na engine dị na transversely. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwere obere ibu dị ntakịrị, mana ọ siri ike ịrụkwa ya.

Haldex bụ sistemu ịnya ụgbọ ala kacha amasị Volvo na Volkswagen.

torsos

Ụdị draịva 4 × 4 a na-adabere na igbe igbe nwere ụzọ atọ nke worm gears, nke na-ekesa ngwa ngwa n'etiti axles. Na ịnya ụgbọ ala nkịtị, a na-ebufe draịva ahụ na axles na nha 50/50. N'ihe gbasara skid, usoro ahụ nwere ike ịnyefe ihe ruru 90% nke torque na axle ebe skid adịghị eme.

Thorsen bụ usoro dị irè nke ọma, mana ọ nwekwara ihe ndọghachi azụ. Ihe bụ isi bụ usoro mgbagwoju anya na ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke mmepụta. Ya mere enwere ike ịhụ Torsen n'ime ụgbọ ala ndị dị elu, gụnyere. na Alfa Romeo, Audi ma ọ bụ Subaru.

Hụkwa: Clutch - otu esi ezere iyi uwe akaghi aka? Nduzi

Site n'ụzọ, okwu Torsen kwesịrị dokwuo anya. N'adịghị ka nkwenye ndị a ma ama, ọ bụghị n'aha nna, kama ọ bụ mbiri nke akụkụ mbụ nke okwu Bekee abụọ: Torque na Sensing.

Ọzọkwa kwesịrị ịkpọ aha bụ 4Matic usoro eji Mercedes, nke na-eji atọ iche iche. A na-ekesa mbanye na-adịgide adịgide na axles abụọ n'oke nke pasent 40. n'ihu, 60 percent n'azụ.

N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, edozila nsogbu ahụ na mkpọchi dị iche. Na usoro a, a na-ekenye ọrụ nke mkpọchi na breeki. Ọ bụrụ na otu n'ime wiil ndị ahụ amalite ịla n'iyi, a na-agbaji ya nwa oge ma na-ebufekwu ike na wiil ndị ahụ na-ejigide ya nke ọma. A na-achịkwa ihe niile n'ụzọ eletrọnịkị.

Uru nke usoro 4Matic bụ obere ibu ya, ebe ọ bụ na ndị na-emepụta jisiri ike kpochapụ ọtụtụ akụkụ igwe. Otú ọ dị, mwepu bụ ọnụ ahịa dị elu. Mercedes na-eji, tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, usoro 4Matic. na klas C, E, S, R na SUVs (klas M, GLK, GL).

Wojciech Frölichowski