Usoro ikpochapu - ngwaọrụ

Ụgbọ ala nke nwere engine combustion dị n'ime chọrọ usoro nke a na-esi na ya na-esi na ya na-ekupụ ikuku. Usoro dị otú ahụ, nke a na-akpọ iyuzucha, pụtara n'otu oge na mmepụta nke engine na, ya na ya, emewo ka ọ dịkwuo mma ma na-emeziwanye ya kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. Kedu ihe usoro ikpochapu nke ụgbọ ala nwere na otú nke ọ bụla n'ime ya si arụ ọrụ, anyị ga-agwa gị n'ime ihe a.

Ogidi atọ nke usoro ikpochapu

Mgbe ngwakọta ikuku-mmanụ ọkụ na-ere ọkụ na cylinder engine, a na-emepụta gas na-ekpochapụ, nke a ga-ewepụrịrị ka cylinder wee mejupụta ihe achọrọ nke ngwakọta. Maka ebumnuche ndị a, ndị injinia ụgbọ ala chepụtara sistemu ikuku. Ọ nwere ihe atọ bụ isi: mkpochapụ manifold, catalytic converter (converter), muffler. Ka anyị tụlee nke ọ bụla n'ime akụkụ nke usoro a iche iche.

Eserese usoro mkpofu. N'okwu a, resonator bụ ihe mgbakwunye muffler.

Mpịakọta iyuzucha ahụ pụtara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'otu oge yana injin combustion dị n'ime. Nke a bụ ngwa injin nke nwere ọtụtụ tubes na-ejikọ ọnụ ụlọ ọkụ nke igwe cylinder nke ọ bụla na ihe ntụgharị catalytic. A na-eji ígwè (ígwè nkedo, igwe anaghị agba nchara) ma ọ bụ seramiiki mee ọtụtụ ihe mkpofu.

Nkeji

Ebe ọ bụ na onye na-anakọta ihe na-anọgide na-enwe mmetụta nke okpomọkụ dị elu nke ikuku gas, ndị na-anakọta ihe nkedo na igwe anaghị agba nchara na-arụ ọrụ karịa. Onye na-anakọta igwe anaghị agba nchara dịkwa mma, ebe ọ bụ na condensate na-agbakọta na usoro jụrụ oyi nke unit ahụ mgbe ụgbọ ala kwụsịrị. Condensation nwere ike imebi ihe nkedo manifold, ma corrosion adịghị eme na igwe anaghị agba nchara. Uru nke seramiiki manifold bụ ịdị arọ ya dị ala, ma ọ nweghị ike iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu nke gas na-ekpochapụ ruo ogologo oge na mgbawa.

Hamann ikpochapụ ọtụtụ

Ụkpụrụ nke ịrụ ọrụ nke ikpochapu ọkụ dị mfe. Gas na-ekpochapụ na-esi na valvụ iyuzucha ya na-aga n'ebe a na-ekpocha ọkụ ma site n'ebe ahụ gaa na ntụgharị catalytic. Na mgbakwunye na isi ọrụ nke iwepụ gas na-ekpochapụ, manifold na-enyere aka ikpochapụ ụlọ ọkụ nke engine ma "na-anakọta" akụkụ ọhụrụ nke ikuku gas. Nke a na-eme n'ihi ọdịiche dị na nrụgide gas na ụlọ ọkụ na manifold. Nrụgide dị na manifold dị ala karịa ụlọ combustion, ya mere a na-emepụta ebili mmiri na ọkpọkọ manifold, nke gosipụtara site na onye na-ejide ọkụ (resonator) ma ọ bụ onye ntụgharị catalytic, na-alaghachi na ụlọ combustion, na n'oge a na-esote. iyuzucha strok ọ na-enyere aka ikpochapụ akụkụ ọzọ nke gas.

Site na ikpochapu ikuku, ikuku ikuku na-abanye na ntụgharị ma ọ bụ ihe ntụgharị catalytic. Ọ mejupụtara mmanụ aṅụ seramiiki, nke dị n'elu ya nwere akwa platinum-iridium alloy.

Atụmatụ nke ihe ntụgharị catalytic

Mgbe a na-akpakọrịta na oyi akwa a, a na-emepụta nitrogen na oxygen oxides site na gas na-ekpochapụ n'ihi mmeghachi omume mbelata kemịkalụ, nke a na-eji eme ka ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nke ọma. N'ihi ọrụ nke reagents na-emepụta ihe, ngwakọta nke nitrogen na carbon dioxide na-abanye na ọkpọkọ ikpochapu.

N'ikpeazụ, ihe nke atọ bụ isi n'ime usoro ikpochapu ụgbọ ala bụ igwe mkpuchi, nke bụ ngwaọrụ e mere iji belata ụda olu mgbe ikuku na-ekupụ. Ya, n'aka nke ya, nwere ihe anọ mejupụtara: tube na-ejikọta resonator ma ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka onye na-emechi ihe na-emechi ọnụ, onye na-emechi ọnụ n'onwe ya, ọkpọkọ iyuzucha na ọnụ ọnụ ọkpọkọ.

Muffler

Gasị ndị na-ekpochapụ ekpochapụ sachara site na adịghị ọcha na-emerụ ahụ na-esi na ihe na-akpali akpali site na ọkpọkọ gaa na muffler. A na-eme muffler ahụ nke ọkwa dị iche iche nke ígwè: nkịtị (ndụ ọrụ - ruo afọ 2), alumini (ndụ ọrụ - 3-6 afọ) ma ọ bụ igwe anaghị agba nchara (ndụ ọrụ - afọ 10-15). O nwere imewe ọtụtụ ụlọ, nke nwere ọnụ ụlọ nke ọ bụla nwere oghere nke gas na-ekpochapụ na-abanye n'ọnụ ụlọ na-esote n'aka nke ya. N'ihi ọtụtụ nzacha a, ikuku ikuku na-ekpochapụ, ụda ụda nke ikuku ikuku na-ekpochapụ. Gasị ahụ na-abanyezi ọkpọkọ ikuku. Dabere na ike nke engine arụnyere n'ime ụgbọ ala ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọkpọkọ ikpochapu nwere ike ịdị iche site na otu ruo anọ. Ihe ikpeazụ bụ n'ọnụ ọkpọkọ iyuzucha.

Ụgbọ ala Turbocharged nwere obere mufflers karịa ụgbọ ala ndị na-achọsi ike. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na turbine na-eji gas iyuzucha arụ ọrụ, ya mere ọ bụ naanị ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-abanye n'ime usoro ikpochapu; ya mere ụdị ndị a nwere obere mufflers.