Ndị agha nchekwa onwe nke Japan

Na 2018, Japan kpebiri ịzụta 105 F-35 ọzọ. Site na ngụkọta nke ndị agha F-147 35, Japan ga-abụ onye ọrụ F-35 nke abụọ n'ụwa na-esote US. UK ga-anọ n'ọkwa nke atọ na 138 F-35.

Mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị, Japan gbahapụrụ ọchịchọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na agha nke ịgbasawanye ya, na nloghachi inweta ọnọdụ nke ike akụ na ụba zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ndabere na nchekwa nchekwa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Japan bụ njikọ ya na United States. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Ala nke Rising Sun na-eche ihe ịma aka ọhụrụ ihu: ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ikike ịrị elu nke ndị mmadụ Republic of China (PRC), njedebe ikpeazụ nke esemokwu mpaghara na Russian Federation, ihe iyi egwu nke Democratic People's Republic of Korea. (DPRK), nke nwere ngwa agha ogbunigwe nuklia, na ịgagharị na njikọ aka ya na United States. Enwere echiche na-eto eto iji nye Japan aka ka ukwuu n'ịkpụzi nchekwa mpaghara.

Mgbe ha nyesịrị onwe ha na 1945, Japan gbahapụrụ n'agha, bibie ngwá agha na ngwá agha nile, na ndị agha alaeze ukwu na ndị agha mmiri gbasasịa. Nchekwa nke ala nke Rising Sun bụ ndị agha na-arụ ọrụ nke ndị mmekọ.

Mgbe agha dara na Korea Peninsula na June 25, 1950, e zigara ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị agha ahụ ka ha gbachitere Republic of Korea. Ọnọdụ a mere ka e kee ya n'August 10, 1950, nke ndị uweojii na-ahụ maka ndị agha Japan dị ike 75 Keisatsu Yobitai, na-eweghara ọrụ maka ịnọgide na-enwe usoro n'ime ụlọ n'aka ndị uwe ojii Allied. N'April 000, 26, e hiwere ndị nche Coast.

N'August 1952, Hoancho, National Security Agency, ka e kere ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ maka ịmepụta ndị agha nchekwa onwe nke Japan n'okpuru nchịkwa siri ike nke ndị Allies. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Keisatsu Yobitai ghọrọ Hoantai - National Security Forces. N'October 15, 1952, ebugara ụgbọ elu 20 Aeronca L-16 na nhazi a, nke ezigara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ụgbọ elu na ọdụ ụgbọ elu Hamamatsu. Ndị Stinson L-1953 Sentinels ọhụrụ 35 nọchiri ha na Jenụwarị 5.

N'ikpeazụ, 62 Piper L-21 Super Cubs, 10 Beechcraft T-34A Mentor helikopta na 6 Bell OH-13E Sioux helikopta. Ụgbọ elu natara mere ka o kwe omume ịmepụta otu ikuku anọ: nke mbụ na nke atọ na Hamamatsu, nke abụọ na Asahikawa na nke anọ na Ozuki. E kere Air Corps nke Ground Forces.

N'August 16, 1953, Coast Guard nwetara ụgbọ elu mbụ ya, na-emepụta isi nke ụgbọ elu ụgbọ mmiri. Ndị a bụ helikopta anọ Bell 47D-1 na ụgbọ elu 10 Beechcraft T-34A Mentor. Ejiri helikopta Sikorsky S-55 atọ na atọ Westland WS-51 Mk 1A helikopta.

Taa, ndị agha F-15J Eagle bụ isi ụgbọ elu ọgụ nke ụgbọ elu ndị agha Japan.

Air Defence Force

Mgbe mmechi nke nkwekọrịta dị mkpa na United States, Japan nakweere Iwu Nchekwa onwe, ekele maka nke a mere ka o kwe omume ịmepụta Ụlọ Ọrụ Nchebe onwe - Boeicho, nke nwere ụdị atọ nke nchebe onwe ya n'okpuru ha: Ikuku ikuku. Ndị agha nchekwa onwe, ndị agha nchekwa onwe nke ala na ndị agha nchekwa onwe nke Maritime. N'ezie, a na-akpọ ha niile aha "Japanese". Ụbọchị izizi nke Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JPSS) bụ July 1, 1954.

Ụbọchị isii ka e mesịrị, a gbanwere ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Air Defence Force Aviation School, nke dị na Hamamatsu. Mgbe Air Force nyefere ụgbọ elu nkwukọrịta L-5 Sentinel na L-21 Super Cub, ndị nkuzi T-34A Mentor ghọrọ akụrụngwa ntọala ụlọ akwụkwọ nwa oge. Emepụtara 124 T-34A Mentors ọzọ n'okpuru ikike sitere na Fuji Heavy Industries (ụlọ ọrụ ahụ hiwere na ndabere nke Nakajima Aircraft Company, nke ọtụtụ ndị pere mpe jikọtara, ugbu a Subaru Corporation).

Nzọụkwụ ọzọ bụ imeziwanye nkà nke ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu, nke United States nyere North America T-6 Texan ụgbọ elu (na 1956, 130 ụgbọ elu dị otú ahụ na-arụ ọrụ). Nzọụkwụ na-esote bụ ịkwado JPSS na ụgbọ elu ọgụ na-ekwe nkwa na atụmatụ agha Lockheed T-33A. Ndị America natara igwe 68 nke ụdị a, ndị Kawasaki Aircraft Industries wuru 210 ọzọ.

Ụgbọ elu mbụ ọgụ nke JPSS bụ North America F-86F Saber. Na mbido, kemgbe Disemba 1955, e sitere na USA butere igwe 28 dị otú ahụ maka ebumnuche ọzụzụ. Nke a sochiri mbufe n'ahịrị n'ihu: ụgbọ elu 180 North America mere na ụgbọ elu 300 ọzọ wuru n'okpuru ikike sitere na Mitsubishi Heavy Industries. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ndị agha ikuku Japan na 1958-1961 natara 122 American F-86D Saber interceptors nke nwere ihe nlegharị anya radar.

Na Nọvemba 1960, Japan kpebiri ịzụta Lockheed F-104J Starfighters. Mitsubishi nwetara ikike ikike imepụta ụdị a na ụlọ ọrụ Nagoya ya. Ejiri ya na egbe NASARR F-15J-31 nke North America ahaziri maka ọgụ mgbochi ụgbọ elu yana injin jet gas nke General Electric J79-IHI-11A nke arụpụtara n'okpuru ikike sitere na ụlọ ọrụ Ishikawajima-Harima. Ndị F-104J nwere egbe egbe 61mm M20A Vulcan na ngwa ọgụ na-achọ AIM-9B Sidewinder ikuku na ikuku.

F-104J nke mbụ bụ Lockheed wuru wee fegharịa na 30 June 1961. Onye na-emepụta America mere nanị ndị agha atọ nke ụdị a, bụ ndị a na-eji nyocha tupu ebuga na Japan. N'agbata Maachị 1962 na Maachị 1965, ụlọ ọrụ Mitsubishi gbakọtara 29 F-104J site na akụkụ Lockheed wetara. N'ikpeazụ, mmepụta ikike nke F-104J malitere na March 1965 wee gaa n'ihu ruo na njedebe nke 1967. A napụtara ngụkọta nke 178 F-104J, nke sitere na ọkọ na Japan; na mkpokọta, ụgbọ elu Japan nwetara 210 F-104J. Na mgbakwunye, n'etiti July 1962 na Jenụwarị 1964, 20 oche abụọ-oche F-104DJ ọgụ ụgbọ elu ọzụzụ gbakọtara na Japan na nnyefe nke akụkụ si USA.

Ka ọ na-erule n'October 1966, a kwadebere squadron asaa na ha: 201st, 202nd, 203rd, 204th, 205th, 206th and 207th. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nọ na ntọala dị iche iche, naanị na Hyakuri, e nwere ndị agha abụọ: 206 na 207 site na nku ikuku nke asaa. . Ebe a dị kilomita 7 n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Tokyo. N'afọ 80, mgbe Okinawa laghachiri na njikwa Japanese, 1972 Squadron zigara ya na Naha base n'àgwàetiti ahụ. Akụsara unit ahụ na Maachị 207 dịka nke ikpeazụ ejiri F-1986J kwadoro ya.

Na 1969-1971, Japan ji F-104J jiri ngwa agha ikuku na ikuku AAM-1, nke bụ mmepe nke American AIM-9E Sidewinder. A rụrụ 330 n'ime ngwa agha ndị a n'ụlọ ọrụ Mitsubishi Electrics dị na Chiyoda dị nso na Tokyo.

Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ozugbo enwetara F-104J Starfighter, echiche a mụrụ site na onye agha nwere ike ịlụ ọgụ ikuku na ọnọdụ ihu igwe niile. Na 1967, a họọrọ McDonnell Douglas F-4E Phantom II fighter. N'ikwekọ na mmachi ndị dị n'ike n'oge ahụ, F-4EJ dị iche iche maka Japan napụrụ ikike ime ihe banyere ebumnuche ala.

Westinghouse AN / APQ-120 radar, n'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, jigidere ọrụ niile metụtara igbochi ebumnuche ikuku, gụnyere ohere nke iji AIM-7E Sparrow ogbunigwe ọkara nke ndị radar na-arụ ọrụ ọkara na-eduzi. Na mgbakwunye, F-4EJ ji ngwa agha AIM-9E Sidewinder na egbe 61mm M20A Vulcan. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ụgbọ elu ahụ nwere usoro ịdọ aka ná ntị radar J/APR-2 nke nwe ya yana usoro nnyefe iwu nduzi ala akpaka nke Japan J/APR-670.

Enyere iwu ahụ na Nọvemba 1, 1968, na na Jenụwarị 14, 1971, nke mbụ n'ime F-4EJ abụọ ndị US wuru n'ikuku na ụgbọ elu mbụ ya. Iri na otu ndị ọzọ gbakọtara na Mitsubishi's Nagoya osisi sitere na akụkụ America, nke mbụ n'ime ha fere na Mee 11, 12. F-1972J 127 na-esote bụ nke e wuru site na ọkọ na Japan n'okpuru ikike. Nke ikpeazụ n'ime 4 F-140EJ ka ebugara ndị agha ikuku Japan na 4 Mee 20.

Site na Nọvemba 1974 ruo June 1975, ụlọ ọrụ McDonnell Douglas rụpụtara ụgbọ elu nyocha RF-14EJ 4 na-ejighi ngwa. Ha kwadokwara usoro nchekwa onwe ha. A na-etinye ndị agha F-4EJ na akụrụngwa nke ndị agha isii: 301st, 302nd, 303rd, 304th, 305th na 306th, na RF-4EJ ụgbọ elu nyocha na 501st squadron, bụ nke jibu ụgbọ elu 18 RF-86F.

Na Julaị 1984, ewepụtara mmemme nkwalite Phantom na ụdị F-4EJ Kai. Westinghouse AN / APG-66J radar dochie ụgbọ elu ahụ, gụnyere. eji na ọgbọ mbụ nke ndị agha F-16A/B. Na mgbakwunye, ha nwetara Sistemụ igodo inertial Litton LN-39, ihe ngosi Kaiser projection na Hazeltine AN/APZ-79 transponders njirimara “my-alien”. Ejiri ngwaọrụ ịdọ aka ná ntị radar nke Mitsubishi J/APR-6 ọhụrụ, yana F-4EJ ka emeziri ka ọ buru cassettes nnyonye anya redio Westinghouse AN / ALQ-131 na-arụ ọrụ. Ejiri ngwa agha dị iche iche nke ngwa agha ikuku na ikuku mejupụta ngwa agha: AIM-7F Sparrow na AIM-9L Sidewinder.

Ngwa agha ikuku nke mbu nke F-4EJ bụ ngwa agha mgbochi ụgbọ mmiri Mitsubishi ASM-1 nwere oke kilomita 50. F-4EJ Kai izizi ewelitere na 306 Squadron na 24 Nọvemba 1989.

N'otu aka ahụ na nkwalite nke 96 F-4EJ na ụdị Kai, 14 RF-4EJ nwere mgbanwe yiri nke ahụ. Naanị radar pere mpe ka ejiri Texas Instruments AN/APQ-172 ọhụrụ dochie ya, ma were ihe nyocha ahịrị infrared agbakwunyere gbakwunyere akụrụngwa nyocha. Emebere ụgbọ elu ahụ ka ọ buru igbe nyocha abụọ (mgbanwe nwere ike ịgbanwe): ya na ọdụ ụgbọ elu nke Thomson-CSF Raphael SKAR SLAR na ọgụgụ isi nke Mitsubishi. Mkpa ụgbọ elu nyocha mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụrụ na 17 F-4EJs ọzọ gbanwere n'ime ụgbọ elu nyocha - ha nwetara ngwá ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na trays ventral, na mgbanwe ndị ọzọ kpọmkwem na ụdị Kai dị na ha.

F-4EJ Kai nwere ndị 301st na 302nd Squadrons si na Hyakuri base na etiti Japan. N'afọ a, ekwesịrị ịchụpụ ha. Na mgbakwunye, 501 Squadron ka na-eji RF-4EJ Kai. Ngụkọta 73 F-4EJ Kai na RF-4EJ Kai na-arụ ọrụ. A ga-eji ndị agha F-15J dochie ụgbọ elu nyocha ahụ ka ha buru modul nyocha na radar SAR (a mara ọkwa na 2016 na Lockheed Martin ga-emepụta ya), F-4EJ ga-anọchi F-35A Lightning ọhụrụ. II.

Mitsubishi T-2 na F-1

Onye mbụ na-azụ ụgbọ elu ndị Japan na-alụ agha bụ Fuji T-1 onye na-enye ọzụzụ, nke fere na Jenụwarị 19, 1958. Emere ya ka onye agha F-86 nke America, mana ọ nwere oche tandem abụọ na ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ. bụ British Bristol Siddeley Orpheus Mk 805 injin nwere ikike nke 17,79 kN. Ngụkọta nke 66 T-1s e wuru, 20 ikpeazụ kwadoro site na Japanese Ishikawajima-Harima J3-IHI-3 engine na mkpali nke 11,77 kN. Ụdị nke a ka ahapụtara T-1B. Ejiri ụgbọ elu ndị a site na 1963 maka afọ iri abụọ sochirinụ.

Onye ga-anọchi anya T-1 ga-abụ ihe eji emepụta ihe, nke e mepụtara na 1965-1966. Fuji, Kawasaki na Mitsubishi nyefere amụma na n'ikpeazụ na September 1967 e mere mkpebi na-atụ aro ka Mitsubishi. Ihe ngosi a malitere na July 20, 1971. Na mgbakwunye na ihe atụ anọ, e wuru ụgbọ ala 90 a rụpụtara n'ọtụtụ ebe, gụnyere 62 emebere ka ọ buru ngwa ọgụ. Ụgbọ elu a bụ nke Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour engines nwere ikikere jikwa ya na French-British SEPECAT Jaguar, nke arụpụtara na Japan dị ka Ishikawajima-Harima TF40-IHI-801A, nke nwere 20,95 kN mkpali na 31,76 kN afterburner.

Ejiri ụdị T-2 ejikere nwere radar Mitsubishi Electric J / AWG-11 maka ịchọpụta na nsuso ebumnuche mmiri na nso (dị ka AN / AWG-11 radar sitere na phantoms nke ndị agha mmiri Britain), Thomson- Ngosipụta isi elu nke CSF nwere ikike yana sistemu ọgụgụ ọgụgụ mmụta -Siegler 501OBL. A kwadebere T-2 nwere ndị agha 21st na 22nd, na 3rd, 6th na 8th squadrons, ebe ejiri ha maka ọzụzụ ọgụ ọgụ na ọgụ ọgụ nke oke osimiri nwere ngwa agha mgbochi ụgbọ mmiri ASM-1. Ọzọkwa, ha ji ngwa agha AIM-9E Sidewinder. E wepụrụ ha na 2006. Kawasaki T-4 nọchiri ha dị ka ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu na-enye ọzụzụ, yana maka ịlụ ọgụ megide ndị agha mmiri, Mitsubishi F-2.

N'afọ 1973, e nyere Mitsubishi nkwekọrịta ịmepụta otu oche ọgụ nke T-2, nke a na-akpọ T-2 Kai na mgbe e mesịrị F-1. Mgbanwe dị ntakịrị, ebe ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri eletrọnịkị nọchiri taịlị nke abụọ, nke ejiri mpempe akwụkwọ kpuchie ya ugbu a. Agbakwunyere ahịrị agha abụọ n'okpuru nku. Ewebata radar J/AWG-12, nke emere ya na RAF Phantom radar. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a kwadebere F-1 na Mitsubishi J/ASN-1 inertial navigation system, J/A24G-3 navigation kọmputa na J/APR-3 ọdụ ịdọ aka ná ntị radieshon.

Dị ka ndị T-2 ji egbe, F-1 nwekwara egbe egbe M61A1 Vulcan 20 mm nwere mgboagha 750. Iji kwado ndị agha ala, a na-eji JLAU-3 / A nwere rọketi 70-mm na bọmbụ n'ozuzu Mk 82 (227 kg) na M117 (340 kg). Ọnụọgụ nke AIM-9E Sidewinder ogbunigwe ikuku na ikuku ebu ka agbagoro ruo anọ. F-1 nwekwara ngwa agha ASM-1 mgbochi ụgbọ mmiri, emesịa jiri ngwa agha ASM-2 ọhụrụ jiri okpukpu atọ dochie ya.

Na 1977-1987, e mepụtara ndị agha F-77 1. E tinyere ha n'ọrụ na 3rd, 6th and 8th squadrons, ebe a na-eji ha na T-2 mee ihe. A na-eji ha ruo 2006 ma T-2 kwụsịrị. A dochiri ha n'ahịrị F-2.

Na 1977-1987, e mepụtara ndị agha F-77 1. Ejikọta ha na ụgbọ elu ọzụzụ ọgụ ọgụ T-2. E wepụrụ atụmatụ abụọ ahụ na 2006.

taa

JPSS bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ na Tokyo. Isi ụlọ ọrụ nwere ndị isi isi isii: izugbe (njikwa), nhazi ọrụ (ọrụ maka ịhazi na ime ihe omume), nkwado na ọgụgụ isi (n'ịhụ na ọrụ na ịnakọta data gbasara onye iro), ndị ọrụ na ọzụzụ (njikwa ndị ọrụ na njikwa ọzụzụ). ndị ọrụ ụgbọ elu), ngwa ngwa (ịzụta na nrụzi) na mmepe (nyocha na mmepe na ịzụrụ akụrụngwa).

Iwu ahụ bụ maka nchekwa ikuku nke agwaetiti Japan na agwaetiti niile dị nso, nkwado maka ndị agha nchekwa onwe nke Maritime na nchekwa nke ịbịaru ókèala Japan, nkwado maka Ground Self-Defense Force na ọrụ nchekwa, yana dị ka nlegharị anya na onyunyo. ọnọdụ nchekwa steeti. Ịhụ na ọrụ nke ụdị ndị agha ndị ọzọ, na mgbakwunye na mkpuchi ikuku na nkwado ikuku nso, na-agụnyekwa ụgbọ njem, mkpochapụ ịdị ọcha, mgbapụta ikuku na mkpuchi ụgbọ elu eletrik.

N'aka nke ya, nguzobe nke gburugburu mba ụwa nwere nchebe na-agụnye nkwụsị nke omenala, yana usoro iwulite ntụkwasị obi site n'igosipụta ọnọdụ nchebe, ịkpọ ndị na-ekiri ihe ngosi, ịkwado atụmatụ ịchụpụ ngwa agha na ịnọgide na-enwe njikọ, nke bụ isi na United States, yana nkwado nkwado. na Republic of Korea na Australia.

Japan na-ahụ ọtụtụ ihe egwu ndị agha na-eyi nchekwa ya. Akwụkwọ akụkọ 2018 Japan Defence White Paper na-ekwu na: Enwere nnukwu mkpokọta nke steeti nwere ikike agha dị elu na gburugburu Japan, n'etiti nke enwere esemokwu mpaghara dị iche iche, gụnyere ọchịchọ ijikọ steeti Korea abụọ.

Isi ụzọ atọ nke iyi egwu bụ DPRK, PRC na Russian Federation, bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ agha gburugburu agwaetiti Japan. Ọ dị mma ịmara na ha niile nwere ngwa agha nuklia na ụgbọ ala ha na-ebuga nwere ike iyi ókèala Japan egwu. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, PRC na Russian Federation nwere ikike ndị agha dị egwu nwere ike ịme ihe mkpasu iwe megide Japan.

Ikuku nchebe

Iwu nchekwa ikuku, nke dị na ọdụ Yokota dị nso na Tokyo, nwere iwu mpaghara anọ, na-ahụ maka nchekwa ikuku Japan ozugbo. E kewara ókèala mba ahụ n'ime ngalaba nchekwa ikuku anọ: Northern (Hokkaido na akụkụ ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke agwaetiti Honshu), Central (akụkụ etiti nke agwaetiti Honshu nwere isi obodo obodo), Western (akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Honshu na akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Honshu). Shikoku na Kyushu) na Southwest West (Ryukyu Islands).